IL44902A - Hydrophilic polyurethane foams - Google Patents
Hydrophilic polyurethane foamsInfo
- Publication number
- IL44902A IL44902A IL44902A IL4490274A IL44902A IL 44902 A IL44902 A IL 44902A IL 44902 A IL44902 A IL 44902A IL 4490274 A IL4490274 A IL 4490274A IL 44902 A IL44902 A IL 44902A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- molecular weight
- poiyols
- polyurethane foams
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 8
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylamine Natural products CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical class CC(F)Cl YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical class FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6681—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6688—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3271
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0016—Foam properties semi-rigid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/0058—≥50 and <150kg/m3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0075—Foam properties prepared with an isocyanate index of 60 or lower
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2310/00—Agricultural use or equipment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
44902/2 D"¾'sm»n insn s is 'as Hydrophilic polyxirethane foams MONTEDISON S.p.A.
Co 42792 The present invention relates to open-cell hydrophilic polyurethane foams.
It is known how to render polyurethane foams hydrophilic by adding the polymeric materials, while the reaction between the polyol reactant and isocyanate reactant is taking place, with added substances having the function of imparting hydrophilic properties to the foams. Various types of materials have been suggested to this purpose, among them, for example , wood powder, vegetable fibres, cellulose and its derivatives, such as carboxy-methyl-cellulose and the like.
This operation method presents some drawbacks, among which, in particular, those due to processing difficulties during casting and those connected with the low homogeneity of the foams thus obtained.
Furthermore, if such added materials are added before the polyol component, sedimentation phenomena may occur during storage, which would jeopardize. the success of the molding operation.
It is also known from French Patent Specification No. 2,079,194 to prepare hydrophilic polyurethane foams from mixtures of low molecular weight difunctional or. higher functional aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic polyols having molecular weight of up to 500 and higher molecular weight polyols having molecular weights of 500 to 5,000, polyisocyanates., water and, auxiliary agents.
We have discovered that . a similar polyurethane forming reaction mixture leads to foams having greater water absorption provided that the low molecular weight higher functional polyol, having a molecular weight up to 500, be Thus the object of the present invention is open-cell hydrophilic polyurethane foams consisting of the product ' ^ obtained by reacting a mixture containing: 50 to 90 parts by weight of one or more trifunctional polyols having a molecular weight ranging from 500 to 3000, preferably around 1000; 10 to 50 parts by weight of one or more trifunctional polyols having a molecular weight lower than 500; preferably, but not necessarily; up to 10 'parts by weight of one or more polyols with a functionality from 2 to 6 and a molecular weight up to 1000; 1 to 5 parts by weight of water, and 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of silicone surfactants; 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of an amine-type catalyst; and finally preferably, but not necessarily, up to 50 parts by weight of one or more foaming agents consisting, of halogen derivatives of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having a. low number of carbon atoms; with one or more organic isocyanates wherein, according to this invention, the trifunctional polyol having a molecular weight lower than 500 is of the amine type and consists preferably of trialkanolamines , in which the alkyl group contains from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the total amount of the organic isocyanates is such as to provide between 40 and 80% of the number of equivalents of isocyanate (-NCO) groups necessary to react with all the reactive hydrogens of the polyols and water. The number of equivalents of isocyanate groups provided by the isocyanate used as compared with the number of isocyanate groups necessary to react with all the The oams , according to this invention have a density ί varying from 12 to 100 kg/cu.m, depending upon the contents of water and of foaming agent; they are of the open-cell semirigid type and highly hydrophilic, as can be inferred from the high water absorption value, generally exceeding 0.500 g/cu.cm, after a ten-minute immersion in water.
The hydrophilic foams according to this invention have a wide application. Particularly advantageous is their employment as a substrate for cultivation of plants in very warm and dry climates, since said foams, owing to their particular hydrophilic characteristics, prevent a too rapid evaporation of the water used to wet the cultivations.
The polyols having a molecular weight of from 500 to 3000, to be employed as components of the polyurethane foams according to this invention, may be selected from a wide range of compounds. Particularly satisfactory results are attained with polyols prepared from glycerol and/or trimethylolpropane and/or triethanolamine with; lower alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Also the polyol with functionality from 2 to 6 may be selected from a wide range of compounds.
Particularly advantageous results are achieved by using polyols prepared from sorbitol and lower alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
The organic ieocyanates too may be selected from a wide range of cycloaliphatic, aliphatic and/or aromatic dl-or polyfunctional derivatives including polymers.
Particularly suited are 2,4- and/or 2 , 6-toluidenediiso-cyanate, 4 ,4-diphenyl-methane diisocyanate and polyphenyl-polymethylene-polyisocyanates . ' The. foaming agents too may be selected from a wide range of compounds. Very interesting results are attained by using chlorofluoromethanes and chlorofluoroethanes , of which trichlorofluoromethane is preferred.
The reaction of the mixture consisting of the polyols, water and, optionally, the halogenated hydrocarbon foaming agent, and the isocyanic component, in the presence of amino-type catalysts and silicone surfactants, is preferably carried out at room temperature using apparatus and methods which are conventional and well-known to those skilled in the art.
The following examples are given to better illustrate, without however limiting the essential features of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1 a) A mixture composed of: - a polyol having a molecular weight equal to 1000, obtained from glycerol and propylene oxide with a hydroxyl number = 170 83,00 parts by weight - trifunctional aminopolyol consisting of triethanolamine 12,70 - water 4,30 - silicone surfactants (Silicone DC 190- Dow Corning, U.S.A.) 0,85 - triethylamine 0,60 - halogenated hydrocarbon foaming agent 44902 2 was reacted with a polymeric organic isocyanate consisting of polyphenyl-polymethylene-polyisocyanate in such an amount^ as to have an isocyanate index equal to 76 with respect to polyols and water.
The reaction was carried out at room temperature.
An open-cell semirigid urethane foam with a density of 20 kg/cu.m and of the hydrophilic type, as resulting from the absorption of 0.620 g of water per cu.cm of resin after a 10-minute immersion, was thus obtained. b) For comparison the preceding test was repeated, but using glycerol instead of triethanolamine (in the same amount) . A polyurethane foam with a density of 20 kg/cu.m was obtained, but with hydrophilic characteristics quite inferior to those of the foam prepared according to a) , as may be inferred from a water absorption value equal to 0.250 g/cu.cm. after a 10-minute immersion. c) Again for comparison the test according to a) was repeated, but using, in the place of polyol obtained from glycerol and propylene oxide, an identical amount of hexafunctional polyol, prepared by the reaction of sorbitol and propylene oxide and having a molecular weight of 1000 and a hydroxy! number equal to 490.
A substantially hydrophobic polyurethane foam having a density of 20 kg/cu.m. and a very low water absorption value (0.05 g/cu.cm.) after a ten-minute immersion was thus obtained. 44902/2 EXAMPLE 2 By o erating under the same conditions as in exampl 1, a mixture composed ofs -T a polyol having a molecular weight = 1000, obtained by the reaction of glycerol and propylene oxide with a hydroxyl number equal to 170 60 parts by weight - triethanolamine 20 " " n - hexafunctional polyol from the reaction of sorbitol and propylene oxide and having a molecular weight = 700 and a hydroxyl number equal to 490 20 w - water 4 " " " - silicone surfactant (silicone DC 190) 1 " a n - triethylamine 0.6 " n " was reacted at room temperature with polyphenyl-polymethylene-polylsocyanate in such amount as to have an isocyanate index equal to 50.
An open-cell polyurethane foam with a density of 49 kg/cu.m and being highly hydrophilic, as shown by the high water absorption value (0.930 g/cu.m) after a 10-minute immersion, was thus obtained.
Claims (2)
1. Open-cell hydrophilic polyurethane foams consisting of the product obtained by reacting a mixture containing: - 50 to 90 parts by weight of one or more trifunctional poiyols having a molecular weight ranging from 500 to 3000, preferably around 1000; - 10 to 50 parts by weight of one or more trifunctional poiyols having a molecular weight lower than 500; preferably, but not necessarily, - up to 10 parts by weight of one or more poiyols with a functionality from 2 to 6 and a molecular weight up to 1000; - 1 to 5 parts by weight of water - 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of silicone surfactants; - 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of an araine-type catalyst; and finally preferably, but not necessarily, up to 50 parts by weight of one or more foaming agents consisting of halogenated derivatives of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having a low number of carbon atoms; with one or more organic isocyanates , characterized in that said trifunctional polyol having a molecular weight lower than 500 is of the amine type and preferably consists of trialkanolamines, i which the alkyl groups contain from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and in that the total amount of the isocyanates used is such as to provide between 40 and 80% of the number of isocyanate groups necessary to react with all the reactive hydrogens of the poiyols and water.
2. Open-cell hydrophilic polyurethane foams, substantially as described and exemplified hereinbefore.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT24828/73A IT988808B (en) | 1973-05-30 | 1973-05-30 | HYDROPHILIC POLYURETHANE FOAMS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL44902A0 IL44902A0 (en) | 1974-07-31 |
| IL44902A true IL44902A (en) | 1977-06-30 |
Family
ID=11214856
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL44902A IL44902A (en) | 1973-05-30 | 1974-05-28 | Hydrophilic polyurethane foams |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE815682A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2425707A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2231704B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1466712A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL44902A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT988808B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7407077A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2295974A1 (en) * | 1974-12-24 | 1976-07-23 | Naphtachimie Sa | Semi-rigid, non-shrinking polyurethane foams prodn. - using a mixt. of polyol reactants and crude aromatic polyisocyanates |
| US4792576A (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1988-12-20 | Mobay Corporation | Production of polyurethane moldings by the reaction injection molding process |
| USRE33609E (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1991-06-11 | Mobay Corporation | Production of polyurethane moldings by the reaction injection molding process |
| US5155931A (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1992-10-20 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method of growing plants and growth substrate for use in the method |
| US4950694A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1990-08-21 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Preparation of polyurethane foams without using inert blowing agents |
| US5791085A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1998-08-11 | University Of Strathclyde | Porous solid material |
| TW285675B (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1996-09-11 | Takeda Pharm Industry Co Ltd |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1455996A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1966-05-20 | Upjohn Co | Flexible polyurethane foams and their manufacturing process |
| GB1139575A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1969-01-08 | Ici Ltd | Stabilised mixtures containing trialkanolamines and halogenated hydrocarbons |
| US3608238A (en) * | 1969-01-27 | 1971-09-28 | Elise Erika Reuter | Plant culture |
-
1973
- 1973-05-30 IT IT24828/73A patent/IT988808B/en active
-
1974
- 1974-05-27 NL NL7407077A patent/NL7407077A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-05-28 FR FR7418446A patent/FR2231704B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-05-28 DE DE19742425707 patent/DE2425707A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-05-28 IL IL44902A patent/IL44902A/en unknown
- 1974-05-29 BE BE144873A patent/BE815682A/en unknown
- 1974-05-30 GB GB2398774A patent/GB1466712A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2231704A1 (en) | 1974-12-27 |
| DE2425707A1 (en) | 1975-01-02 |
| BE815682A (en) | 1974-11-29 |
| FR2231704B1 (en) | 1976-06-25 |
| GB1466712A (en) | 1977-03-09 |
| IL44902A0 (en) | 1974-07-31 |
| IT988808B (en) | 1975-04-30 |
| NL7407077A (en) | 1974-12-03 |
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