IL43321A - Method and apparatus for electrolysis - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for electrolysisInfo
- Publication number
- IL43321A IL43321A IL43321A IL4332173A IL43321A IL 43321 A IL43321 A IL 43321A IL 43321 A IL43321 A IL 43321A IL 4332173 A IL4332173 A IL 4332173A IL 43321 A IL43321 A IL 43321A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- process according
- anode
- brine
- polymeric film
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Claims (49)
1. A process for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution containing sodium and/or potassium ions in solution with anions of mineral acid and/or of organic acid and/or hydroxy1 ions, which comprises passing an electric current through the solution which is between an anode and a composite membrane consisting of a polymeric film facing the anode and a cathodic layer of metal permeable to sodium and/or potassium ions in intimate contact with the polymeric film at its surface facing away from the anode.
2. A process according to Claim 1 wherein the electrolysis is conducted at super-atmospheric pressure whereby normally gaseous anode product is obtained in liquefied or dissolved state.
3. A process according to Claim 2 wherein the electrolysis is conducted at a pressure from 100 to 1000 psia.
4. A process according to Claim 3 in which the pressure is from 300 to 650 psia.
5. A process according to any preceding claim wherein the electrolysis is conducted at a temperature from 60° to 270°P.
6. A process according to Claim 5 in which the temperature is from 150° to 225eP.
7. Aprocess according to any preceding claim wherein the polymeric film is of perfluorocarbon polymer having pendant sulfonic groups (as herein be ined) .
8. A process according to Claim 7 in which the polymeric film is of a copolymer of FS02CF2CF2OCF (CF3) C 20CF=CF2 43321/2 with FgOsCFj* which has been treated to convert —S02F 9rouPs to sulfonic group (as herein de ined) .
9. A process according to any preceding claim wherein the said metal is mercury.
10. A process according to any preceding claim wherein the aqueous solution is of sodium chloride.
11. A process according to Claim 1 substantially as herein described.
12. A process according to Claim 1 substantially as described in any one of the Examples.
13. An electrolytic cell having an anode and a composite membrane consisting of a polymeric film facing the anode and a cathodic layer of metal permeable to sodium and/or potassium ions in intimate contact with the polymeric film a^Lts surface facing away; from the anode.
14. A cell according to Claim 13 wherein the polymeric film is of a perfluorocarbon polymer having pendant sulfonic groups (as herein defined).
15. A cell according to Claim 13 or 14 wherein the metal is mercury.
16. A cell according to any one of Claims 13 to 15 wherein the polymeric film has mercury deposited therein.
17. A cell according to any one of Claims 13 to 16 wherein the polymeric film has been treated with a swelling agent.
18. A cel according to any one of Claims 13 to 17 having a multiplicity of electrically conductive cathode elements in contact with the metal.
19. A cell according to Claim 18 wherei the polymeric film is deformed to protrude upwardly i the areas between the 43321/2
20. Ά cell according to Claim 18 or 19 wherein the cathode elements have adjacent graphite fabric tape at least in the area of contact with the metal.
21. A cell according to any one of Claims 14 to 20 wherein the polymeric film is of a copolymer of PS02CP2CP2OCP(CP3)CF2OCF"=CH2 with F2©=CF2, which anas been treated to convert -H302F groups to sulfonic groups (as herein defined) .
22. A cell according to Claim 13 substantially as herein described.
23. A cell according to Claim 13 substantially as illustrated in, or described with reference to^ the accompanying drawings.
24. A cell according to Claim 13 substantially as described in any one of the Examples.
25.'·. A series of stacked cells each having the configuration of a cell according to any one of Claims.18 to 20, wherein the anodes of the cells are in electrical contact with the cathode elements of adjacent lower cells.
26. A cell stack according to Claim 25 having a brine feed header substantially vertically disposed along the cell elements of the cell stack, brine feed pipes connected to each cell element and the feed heater, a flow regulating device in each brine feed pipe, and a float in each flow regulating device, wherei the sum of the specific weight of each float and the respective hydrostatic head in the feed header at the level of the corresponding cell element is in the proportion to provide substantially the same flow of brine to each cell element.
27. A cell according to any one of Claims 13 to 24 wherein the configuration of the anode is adapted to provide liquid run-off space.
28. A cell according to Claim 27 wherein the anode comprises a screen, or a multitude of separated discrete elements protruding from a surface;
29. A cell accei&ing to any one of Claims 13 to 24 wherein the anode is a foraminous anode and a diaphragm is disposed between the said composite membrane and the anode.
30. A process according to Claim 1 in which the current is passed through the solution in a cell according to Claim 29 and the anode product is xvithdrawn through the anode.
31. A process according to Claim 30 wherein the aqueous solution is of sodium sulphate.
32. A process according to Claim 30 substantially as herein described.
33. A process according to Claim 1 for the electrolysis of brine in an electrolytic cell in which an anolyte chamber is disposed between the anode and the composite membrane, which comprises pressurizing the cell to from 100 to 1000 psia, passing brine through the anolyte chamber, imposing an electric current between the anode and the cathode to reduce the salt content of the brine and to produce chlorine in a liquid phase and a depleted brine in the anolyte chamber, and withdrawing brine, chlorine, caustic soda and hydrogen from the cell.
34. A process according to Claim 33 wherein the metal on the composite aemhane is of mercury.
35. A process according to Claim 33 or 34 wherein salt is added to the withdrawn brine to form a brine stream which is fed to the anolyte chamber.
36. A process according to any one of Claim 33 to 35 wherei the depleted brine comprises the chlorine dissolved therei , and the pressure over the brine is reduced to liberate the chlorine gas.
37. A process according to an one of Claims 33 to 35 wherein the depleted brine contains the chlorine in liquefied f rm, and the brine and chlorine are separated by decantation.
38. process according to any one of Claims 33 to 37 wherein the caustic soda and hydrogen are withdrawn together and separated i stages, first at the elevated pressure of the electrolysis and then by reducing the pressure over the caustic soda.
39. A process according to Claim 38 in which mercury is used as the metal on the composite membrane, wherein th hydrogen at least from the first stage of separation is cooled and purified to remove mercury therefrom.
40. A process according to Claim 33 wherein the brine and caustic soda are withdrawn at a temperature above that of an available heat sinfc and energy i recovered from the brine and caustic soda.
41. A process according to Claim 34 comprising withdrawing caustic soda at a temperature above that of the brine and recovering e ergy from the caustic soda.
42. A process according to Claim 33 substantially as described herein.
43. A electrolysis apparatus comprising a series of electrolytic cells, each electrolytic cell having the characteristics of a cell according to Claim 13 and having an ano¾te chamber between the anode and the cathode, the cells of I .... 43321/2 the series being stacked on to of each other whereby the space between the anode of a first cell and the cathode of the next adjacent lower cell forms a chamber.
44. An apparatus according to Claim 43 wherein the series of cells is surrounded by a shell forming a space between the shell and the exterior of the series of cells.
45. An apparatus according to Claim 43 or 4 comprising an insulating fluid in the said space.
46. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 43 to 45 wherein the surface of the -hell facing the cells is insulated.
47. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 43 to 46 wherein at least a portion of the shell is a conductor of electric current to the series of cells.
48. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 43 to 7 wherein the shell is supported on a basra member adjacent the anode of the lowermost cell and insulating means separate the shell from the base member.
49. A apparatus according to Claim 43 substantially as described herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US298922A US3864226A (en) | 1972-10-19 | 1972-10-19 | Process for electrolyzing aqueous sodium or potassium ion solutions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL43321A0 IL43321A0 (en) | 1973-11-28 |
| IL43321A true IL43321A (en) | 1976-09-30 |
Family
ID=23152568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL43321A IL43321A (en) | 1972-10-19 | 1973-09-25 | Method and apparatus for electrolysis |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3864226A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS582275B2 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR206774A1 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE806231A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7308030D0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1043735A (en) |
| CH (2) | CH606492A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS193024B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD109850A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2348889C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK154027C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES419772A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2203679B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1427829A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE38350B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL43321A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN141177B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1003184B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU68632A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7314449A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO138256C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL91059B1 (en) |
| SU (2) | SU797594A3 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA737955B (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS551351B2 (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1980-01-12 | ||
| JPS526374A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1977-01-18 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | Anode structure for electrolysis |
| JPS534796A (en) * | 1976-07-05 | 1978-01-17 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Electrolysis of pressurized alkali halide |
| ES452238A1 (en) * | 1976-10-08 | 1977-11-01 | Diaz Nogueira Eduardo | Process for electrolysis of brine by mercury cathodes |
| US4086393A (en) * | 1976-11-24 | 1978-04-25 | Energy Development Associates | Gas phase free liquid chlorine electrochemical systems |
| JPS55161081A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-15 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Electrolytic cell |
| JPS5693883A (en) * | 1979-12-27 | 1981-07-29 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | Electrolytic apparatus using solid polymer electrolyte diaphragm and preparation thereof |
| US4313812A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1982-02-02 | Olin Corporation | Membrane electrode pack cells designed for medium pressure operation |
| US4390408A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1983-06-28 | Olin Corporation | Membrane electrode pack cells designed for medium pressure operation |
| EP0110425A3 (en) * | 1982-12-06 | 1985-07-31 | Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | An electrolytic process of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution and electrolytic cell used therefor |
| JPS59150852U (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1984-10-09 | 朝日スチ−ル工業株式会社 | wire lattice fence |
| JPS60117959U (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1985-08-09 | 朝日スチール工業株式会社 | lattice fence |
| US5041197A (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1991-08-20 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | H2 /C12 fuel cells for power and HCl production - chemical cogeneration |
| JPS6450998A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1989-02-27 | Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel | Electrolysis treating method of radioactive waste liquid |
| IT1230714B (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1991-10-29 | Solvay | PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING A SULPHIDE OF AN ALKALINE METAL. |
| US5118398A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1992-06-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Method and an apparatus for detecting ionizable substance |
| US20070087245A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Fuller Timothy J | Multilayer polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cells |
| US8636893B2 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2014-01-28 | Superior Plus Lp | Process for producing chlorine with low bromine content |
| US20120186989A1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-07-26 | Yuri Alexeevich Omelchenko | Process for producing chlorine with low bromine content |
| WO2015027190A1 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2015-02-26 | Mirakel Technologies, Inc. | Systems, devices and methods for styling hair |
| EP3597791B1 (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2021-11-17 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Method for improving the performance of nickel electrodes |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1109311A (en) * | 1912-01-06 | 1914-09-01 | Edward A Allen | Method and means for electrolyzing saline solutions. |
| US2681320A (en) * | 1950-12-23 | 1954-06-15 | Rohm & Haas | Permselective films of cationexchange resins |
| US2742419A (en) * | 1952-03-01 | 1956-04-17 | Diamond Alkali Co | Electrolytic cell base structure |
| GB1149416A (en) * | 1967-03-16 | 1969-04-23 | Ici Ltd | Manufacture of chlorine and caustic alkali in diaphragm cells |
| GB1199952A (en) * | 1967-05-15 | 1970-07-22 | Wolfen Filmfab Veb | Electrolysis of Alkali Metal Halide Solutions |
| US3645866A (en) * | 1969-08-26 | 1972-02-29 | Georgy Ivanovich Volkov | Method of electrolysis with a flowing mercury cathode in a chlorine cell |
| US3682797A (en) * | 1970-10-02 | 1972-08-08 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | Stationary film mercury cell |
| US3775272A (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1973-11-27 | Olin Corp | Mercury diaphragm chlor-alkali cell and process for decomposing alkali metal halides |
-
1972
- 1972-10-19 US US298922A patent/US3864226A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-01-01 AR AR250438A patent/AR206774A1/en active
- 1973-09-25 IL IL43321A patent/IL43321A/en unknown
- 1973-09-28 DE DE2348889A patent/DE2348889C3/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-04 IE IE1777/73A patent/IE38350B1/en unknown
- 1973-10-12 ZA ZA00737955A patent/ZA737955B/en unknown
- 1973-10-15 BR BR8030/73A patent/BR7308030D0/en unknown
- 1973-10-16 IN IN2308/CAL/73A patent/IN141177B/en unknown
- 1973-10-17 DD DD174181A patent/DD109850A5/xx unknown
- 1973-10-17 LU LU68632A patent/LU68632A1/xx unknown
- 1973-10-17 SU SU731969452A patent/SU797594A3/en active
- 1973-10-17 CS CS737163A patent/CS193024B2/en unknown
- 1973-10-18 CA CA183,759A patent/CA1043735A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-18 BE BE136821A patent/BE806231A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-10-18 IT IT30270/73A patent/IT1003184B/en active
- 1973-10-18 JP JP48116402A patent/JPS582275B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-18 NO NO4045/73A patent/NO138256C/en unknown
- 1973-10-18 ES ES419772A patent/ES419772A1/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-18 DK DK565673A patent/DK154027C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-10-18 FR FR7337192A patent/FR2203679B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-10-18 PL PL1973165937A patent/PL91059B1/en unknown
- 1973-10-19 NL NL7314449A patent/NL7314449A/xx active Search and Examination
- 1973-10-19 GB GB4891673A patent/GB1427829A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-19 CH CH1482273A patent/CH606492A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1974
- 1974-06-28 SU SU742038381A patent/SU971110A3/en active
-
1977
- 1977-11-07 CH CH1354077A patent/CH619741A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1043735A (en) | 1978-12-05 |
| NO138256B (en) | 1978-04-24 |
| JPS4974200A (en) | 1974-07-17 |
| SU971110A3 (en) | 1982-10-30 |
| IE38350B1 (en) | 1978-02-15 |
| IN141177B (en) | 1977-01-29 |
| DK154027C (en) | 1989-02-13 |
| DE2348889C3 (en) | 1982-05-06 |
| SU797594A3 (en) | 1981-01-15 |
| CH619741A5 (en) | 1980-10-15 |
| DK154027B (en) | 1988-10-03 |
| PL91059B1 (en) | 1977-02-28 |
| DE2348889A1 (en) | 1974-08-01 |
| BR7308030D0 (en) | 1974-07-18 |
| DD109850A5 (en) | 1974-11-20 |
| IL43321A0 (en) | 1973-11-28 |
| FR2203679A1 (en) | 1974-05-17 |
| FR2203679B1 (en) | 1978-03-10 |
| AU6147673A (en) | 1975-04-17 |
| US3864226A (en) | 1975-02-04 |
| DE2348889B2 (en) | 1981-07-16 |
| ES419772A1 (en) | 1976-09-01 |
| JPS582275B2 (en) | 1983-01-14 |
| CH606492A5 (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| LU68632A1 (en) | 1973-12-27 |
| NO138256C (en) | 1978-08-02 |
| GB1427829A (en) | 1976-03-10 |
| NL7314449A (en) | 1974-04-23 |
| BE806231A (en) | 1974-04-18 |
| ZA737955B (en) | 1975-11-26 |
| IT1003184B (en) | 1976-06-10 |
| IE38350L (en) | 1974-04-19 |
| CS193024B2 (en) | 1979-09-17 |
| AR206774A1 (en) | 1976-08-23 |
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