IL138101A - Process for producing lower olefins, reactor for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons and device for quenching pyrolysis gases - Google Patents
Process for producing lower olefins, reactor for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons and device for quenching pyrolysis gasesInfo
- Publication number
- IL138101A IL138101A IL13810199A IL13810199A IL138101A IL 138101 A IL138101 A IL 138101A IL 13810199 A IL13810199 A IL 13810199A IL 13810199 A IL13810199 A IL 13810199A IL 138101 A IL138101 A IL 138101A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- pyrolysis
- hydrocarbons
- reactor
- quenching
- mixing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title abstract 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/02—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in retorts
- C10G9/04—Retorts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
- B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
- B01F25/31243—Eductor or eductor-type venturi, i.e. the main flow being injected through the venturi with high speed in the form of a jet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
- B01F25/51—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle in which the mixture is circulated through a set of tubes, e.g. with gradual introduction of a component into the circulating flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
- B01F35/92—Heating or cooling systems for heating the outside of the receptacle, e.g. heated jackets or burners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/0066—Stirrers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
- B01J2219/00103—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor in a heat exchanger separate from the reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
- B01J2219/00123—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/0015—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
- B01J2219/00155—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00159—Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
- B01J2219/00166—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00189—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the stirring velocity
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU98104821A RU2124039C1 (ru) | 1998-02-27 | 1998-02-27 | Способ получения низших олефинов, реактор для пиролиза углеводородов и аппарат для закалки газов пиролиза |
| PCT/RU1999/000038 WO1999043765A1 (fr) | 1998-02-27 | 1999-02-11 | Procede de production d'olefines inferieures, reacteur pour la pyrolyse d'hydrocarbures et appareil de refroidissement rapide des gaz issus de la pyrolyse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL138101A0 IL138101A0 (en) | 2001-10-31 |
| IL138101A true IL138101A (en) | 2005-08-31 |
Family
ID=20203457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL13810199A IL138101A (en) | 1998-02-27 | 1999-02-11 | Process for producing lower olefins, reactor for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons and device for quenching pyrolysis gases |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7232937B2 (xx) |
| EP (1) | EP1063273A4 (xx) |
| JP (1) | JP3824488B2 (xx) |
| KR (1) | KR100418360B1 (xx) |
| CN (1) | CN1298439A (xx) |
| AU (1) | AU753883B2 (xx) |
| BG (1) | BG65376B1 (xx) |
| BR (1) | BR9908329A (xx) |
| CA (1) | CA2323141C (xx) |
| DE (1) | DE19982976C2 (xx) |
| GB (1) | GB2353802B (xx) |
| HU (1) | HU225699B1 (xx) |
| ID (1) | ID27565A (xx) |
| IL (1) | IL138101A (xx) |
| NO (1) | NO20004287L (xx) |
| PL (1) | PL191275B1 (xx) |
| RO (1) | RO120574B1 (xx) |
| RU (1) | RU2124039C1 (xx) |
| SK (1) | SK285935B6 (xx) |
| TR (1) | TR200002513T2 (xx) |
| UA (1) | UA45503C2 (xx) |
| WO (1) | WO1999043765A1 (xx) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7694523B2 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2010-04-13 | Earthrenew, Inc. | Control system for gas turbine in material treatment unit |
| US7024800B2 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2006-04-11 | Earthrenew, Inc. | Process and system for drying and heat treating materials |
| US7685737B2 (en) | 2004-07-19 | 2010-03-30 | Earthrenew, Inc. | Process and system for drying and heat treating materials |
| US7763162B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2010-07-27 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for processing hydrocarbon pyrolysis effluent |
| US7465388B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2008-12-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for processing hydrocarbon pyrolysis effluent |
| US8524070B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2013-09-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for processing hydrocarbon pyrolysis effluent |
| US7780843B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2010-08-24 | ExxonMobil Chemical Company Patents Inc. | Method for processing hydrocarbon pyrolysis effluent |
| US7749372B2 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2010-07-06 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for processing hydrocarbon pyrolysis effluent |
| US7610692B2 (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2009-11-03 | Earthrenew, Inc. | Systems for prevention of HAP emissions and for efficient drying/dehydration processes |
| CN101162129B (zh) * | 2007-11-28 | 2011-10-05 | 上海吴泾化工有限公司 | 利用裂解气余热的方法及所使用的气-气自换热器 |
| RU2405622C2 (ru) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-12-10 | Владимир Андреевич Бушуев | Лопаточный реактор для пиролиза углеводородов |
| GB2511476A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-09-10 | Thomas Andreas Guenther | Device and system for hydrocarbon conversion |
| RU2645861C1 (ru) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-02-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ангарский государственный технический университет" | Теплообменник типа "труба в трубе" с вращающейся трубой |
| WO2019221726A1 (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-21 | Dresser-Rand Company | Turbomachine chemical reactor and method for cracking hydrocarbons in a process fluid |
| US11028327B2 (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2021-06-08 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Partial trip system for ethylene furnace with ground flare |
| CN112672817B (zh) | 2018-09-20 | 2022-04-26 | 迪傲公司 | 涡轮机型化学反应器 |
| AU2019356182B2 (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2022-01-20 | Coolbrook Oy | Rotary device for conducting chemical reactions |
| US20230132471A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 | 2023-05-04 | Basf Antwerpen N.V. | Method for steam cracking |
| RU2760859C1 (ru) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-12-01 | Акционерное общество "Энергетический институт им. Г.М. Кржижановского" (АО ЭНИН") | Способ и устройство для закалки и очистки высокотемпературных газов от твёрдых частиц |
| AU2022364188A1 (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2024-03-28 | Coolbrook Oy | Method and apparatus for incineration of substances using rotary generated thermal energy |
| FI130336B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-27 | Coolbrook Oy | Rotating device for inputting heat energy into fluids |
| FI20225189A1 (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-09-03 | Coolbrook Oy | Insert assembly for a rotary device, apparatus and method related thereto |
| WO2024175640A1 (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-08-29 | Linde Gmbh | Methods and apparatuses for producing olefins |
| WO2024175533A1 (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-08-29 | Linde Gmbh | Thermal energy recovery devices for electrically heated cracking processes |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3579601A (en) * | 1968-06-10 | 1971-05-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Pyrolysis of hydrocarbons |
| US3729297A (en) * | 1969-11-29 | 1973-04-24 | Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng | Apparatus for continuously decomposing hydrocarbon in a heating medium bath |
| US4142963A (en) * | 1977-06-07 | 1979-03-06 | Union Carbide Corporation | Penetration enhanced fluid mixing method for thermal hydrocarbon cracking |
| NL190243C (nl) * | 1977-07-05 | 1993-12-16 | Kinetics Technology | Werkwijze voor het thermisch kraken van koolwaterstoffen. |
| SU977477A1 (ru) * | 1979-08-23 | 1982-11-30 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6518 | Способ переработки нефт ного остаточного сырь |
| JPS5837440B2 (ja) * | 1979-09-25 | 1983-08-16 | 泰夫 仲野 | 生地に標付けをする方法 |
| SU1032012A1 (ru) * | 1981-06-18 | 1983-07-30 | Институт газа АН УССР | Закалочно-испарительный аппарат |
| DE3173374D1 (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1986-02-13 | Dow Chemical Nederland | Process and apparatus for cracking hydrocarbon; mixing device; apparatus and process for producing superheated steam; radiation block structure |
| DE3411795A1 (de) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-10-03 | Borsig Gmbh, 1000 Berlin | Verfahren zum betreiben von rohrbuendelwaermeaustauschern zum kuehlen von gasen |
| SU1189871A1 (ru) * | 1984-04-24 | 1985-11-07 | Институт газа АН УССР | Способ получени низших олефинов |
| US5271827A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1993-12-21 | Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. | Process for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons |
| US5219530A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1993-06-15 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Apparatus for initiating pyrolysis using a shock wave |
| US5464057A (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1995-11-07 | Albano; John V. | Quench cooler |
-
1998
- 1998-02-27 RU RU98104821A patent/RU2124039C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-02-11 EP EP99936085A patent/EP1063273A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-11 IL IL13810199A patent/IL138101A/xx active IP Right Grant
- 1999-02-11 CA CA002323141A patent/CA2323141C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-11 AU AU32803/99A patent/AU753883B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-11 RO ROA200000857A patent/RO120574B1/ro unknown
- 1999-02-11 ID IDW20001894A patent/ID27565A/id unknown
- 1999-02-11 UA UA2000084998A patent/UA45503C2/uk unknown
- 1999-02-11 KR KR10-2000-7009558A patent/KR100418360B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-11 JP JP2000533507A patent/JP3824488B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-11 WO PCT/RU1999/000038 patent/WO1999043765A1/ru active IP Right Grant
- 1999-02-11 CN CN99805596A patent/CN1298439A/zh active Pending
- 1999-02-11 PL PL342965A patent/PL191275B1/pl unknown
- 1999-02-11 BR BR9908329-9A patent/BR9908329A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-11 GB GB0021085A patent/GB2353802B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-11 HU HU0100875A patent/HU225699B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-11 TR TR2000/02513T patent/TR200002513T2/xx unknown
- 1999-02-11 SK SK1293-2000A patent/SK285935B6/sk unknown
- 1999-02-11 DE DE19982976T patent/DE19982976C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-08-25 BG BG104710A patent/BG65376B1/bg unknown
- 2000-08-25 NO NO20004287A patent/NO20004287L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-07-01 US US10/884,112 patent/US7232937B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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