IL129125A

IL129125A - Building with a heating sytem

Info

Publication number: IL129125A
Application number: IL12912597A
Authority: IL
Original assignee: Bickel Dieter
Priority date: 1996-10-02
Filing date: 1997-09-13
Publication date: 2002-09-12
Also published as: PL332567A1; ATE195800T1; EP0932799B1; WO1998014735A1; AU4703897A; HUP9904546A2; TR199900665T2; EP0932799A1; DK0932799T3; DE29617136U1; HUP9904546A3; SK42799A3; CZ118199A3; IL129125A0

Abstract

Building (1) with a heating system and a cooling system comprising a solar heat operated underfloor heating and a fresh-air heating, characterized in that in an at least two-shell post-and-beam construction, the underfloor heating exhibits a closed air circulation which, in an associated heat-exchanger (14), is heated by a closed water-circuit that is heated, in turn, by a solar plant (13), and in that the air from the fresh-air heating is connected to a pipe (34) which is buried via a sufficiently long path in the soil beside the building for heat-exchange, with the heat exchanger advantageously at a non-frost-susceptible level.

Description

tji» ftittjJtt ¾v matt Building with a heating system Dieter BICKEL C.115681 Building with a heating system The invention relates to a building with a heating system according to the species of claims attached and in particular relates to low-energy houses.

Low-energy houses are already known in different versions. So, for example, DE 29 44 360A1 discloses a low-energy house for cold regions which comprises a room heating unit in the basement, a lagging and a pipe system in the outer walls and in the roofing, said pipe system conducts the heat from the room-heating unit via the floor of each room into the room to be heated. Furthermore, there is provided a solar-energy absorption unit on the sun-facing side of the building, which unit is also employed for generating warm air. Hence, two complete heating plants are required which are used alternatively or simultaneously to heat each room.

The use of a main heating and an additional heating are known from DE 31 12 394 Al. The main heating is operated by means which are not described in any detail, possibly by electric power, and is used to provide a basic temperature. The additional heating is for individually heating and airing a building and permits, at least partially, heating by the waste air of the building.

A thermal distribution and storage system is known from US-PS 4 069 973 which, inter alia, utilizes solar energy for heating rooms. This solution does not provide a complete utilization and opening up of the existing natural energy sources in order to substantially avoid impacts to environment.

Finally, from the publication-in-advance "5000 maisons solaires" by Jean-Pierre Franca and Jean-Pierre Baillon, Paris 1983, Edition du moniteur, page 247 a house is known which can be heated under exploitation of solar energy, the hearing system of which can be completed in summer by a fresh-air heating. Electrically or gas-operated additional heatings are associated to the_solar heating and to the fresh-air heating which, under central European conditions in winter, have to contribute most part of the heating power. The solar heating is designed as a hot-water heating and is susceptible to leakage.

It is an object of the present invention to obtain a further improvement of the exploitation of the energies available and to reduce the technical 129125 / 2 - la . expenditures for the heating plants required. The object will be realized by a specific utilization and input of the heat transfer medium in dependence of the construction of a building. At the same time it is an object to strongly reduce the environmental pollution by Co^ and Νθχ and also the dangers which are unavoidably connected to the use of fossil fuels and the atomic energy, respectively, for heat generation. - ? - 129125 / 2 According to the invention the object is realized by the characteristic features of the first claim. In the manner disclosed therein not only the available solar energy is optimally exploited but also the warm waste air resulting from the house itself. An additional heating here and there required, preferably by electric power for the underfloor heating and/or fresh air heating, can be reduced entirely or to a minimum To this end the building has. to be at least a two shell, still better a three or multi-shell post-and-beam construction, preferably a framework house, the outer walls of which have a heat transition coefficient which should not be below 0.15W/m2 and should not exceed 0.23W/m2. Generally, a warm-air underfloor heating is provided for the ground floor and a fresh-air floor/ceiling heating for the upper stories. Both heatings can be provided with heat exchangers. Instead of a heat exchanger a heat pump can be integrated in the fresh-air heating; such as described in "Brockhaus Naturwissenschaf und Technik", vol. 5, pg.233-234, F. A. Brockhaus Press, Mannheim 1989. Said heat pump permits to increase the efficiency of from 75% to 90% compared to the heat exchanger. Advantageously, the ground plate of the first story and the floor of the second story and the upper stories, respectively, are provided with heating elements and the ceilings of all stories with waste air elements. When the ground plate is heated with a warm-air heating there are no leak problems as is the case with hot-water heating systems. In order to indirectly generate the warm air, a water circulation can exist between the solar-technical plant and the heat exchanger so that the air is heated via the water circulation in the heat exchanger. Thus, the heatings of the stories are air-heatings wherein the warm air of the floor heating is in a closed circuit and the warm air of the heating of the ceilings freely moves through the stories. Advantageously, the fresh air required for the warm-air heating is taken- in via an earth-pipe installed in a frost-free level, the length of said pipe being, for example, equal to the circumference of the building. Before being heated the taken-in air is filtered in order to remove harmful or annoying components. Particularly in the warm seasons the fresh-air taken-in in the foregoing manner can be utilized for cooling the rooms in the building.

Departing from the general set-up, it is feasible to install waste-air elements also in the external walls and/or in the vicinity of the ground 129125 / 2 - 3 - plate und/or in the ceilings, if required. As to the waste air, preferably of the lower story, at least one heat exchanger or one heat pump is provided for heating the taken-in cold fresh-air. At least one fan each is provided for the closed underfloor heating system and in the open system of the heating of the upper stories, i. e. the fresh-air heating, to obtain a sufficient circulation of the warm air. In analogy thereto a pump is inserted between the solar plant and the associated heat exchanger to ensure the circulation of the water in the circuit. For storing heat and establishing a water supply, the water circulation is passed through a 10 buffer storage of large volume, the content of which should not be below 350 1 and should be provided with a thermal insulation and an additional heating. A buffer storage of a content of 350 1 to 500 1 is considered as being sufficient for a one-family house. The energy generated in the solar-plant by the sunlight or the daylight generally is sufficient for 15 heating a building in the latitudes of central Europe. When, however, the buffer storage also supplies the hot water for the building and/or the latter is located on a latitude of northern Europe, the installation of an additional heating is suited.

The invention will be explained in more detail by the schematical drawings illustrating one embodiment. There is shown in: Fig. 5 a part of a heating unit for a ground plate, and 30 Fig. 6 a part of a heating unit for a ceiling plate.

In Fig. 1 a frame-house 1 is visible having three-shell external walls 2 with openings 3, 4 closed by windows or doors and being set up on a ground-plate 5. The house 1 under a saddle-roof 6 is provided with two 35 ceilings/floors 7, 8 which in connection with a roof truss 9 form an upper story 10. A buffer storage 12 is located in a garret 11 above the upper - 4 - story 10. A solar-plant 13 is provided on the south-facing side of the roof 6. The ground-plate 5 includes a heat-exchanger 14 with_air channels 15, through which fans 16 (Fig. 5) press the heating air 17 which has been heated in the heat-exchanger 14. The cooled down heating-air 18 returns to the heat-exchanger 14 via air-channels 19.

The task of the solar-plant 13 is to heat the heating air 17 to about 40°C. From said solar plant 13 heated water is passed via a thermally insulated duct 20 and via the thermally insulated buffer storage 12 to a heating coil , 22, or the like, within the heat-exchanger 14, and returns as cooled down water back to the solar-plant 13 via ducts 21. The ground plate 5 is almost equally heated to, for example, 24°C by means of the air channels 15. Instead of arranging the channels 15, 19 for the heated heating air 17 and the cooled down heating air 18 in locally separate relation, it is also feasible to arrange the channels coaxially to one another.

The ceilings 7, 8 are provided with exit openings 23 for the warm waste-air which are connected to a duct system_24 (Fig. 6). In analogy thereto, the ceiling 8 is provided with inlet openings 25 for the warm fresh-air which are connected to a duct system 26. A heat-exchanger 29 is associated thereto, the operation of which is described in connection with Fig. 6 and which is, inter aha, connected to. an earth duct 34. It is self-understood that the exit openings 23 and the inlet openings 25 can be located at other places of the upper story 10 and of t¾Lejawer_ story 27,__ respectively, the latter being enclosed by the ground plate 5, the ceiling 7, and the walls1.

The arrangement is adapted to obtain a heating up of the heating air in channel 15 to 45°C and in the duct system 24 to 28°C with respect to an enclosure volume of 250 m , a heat transition coefficient Kw of 0.2 W/m for the external shell of the house 1, and an ambient temperature of -15°C, so that a room temperature of 24°C is achieved in the lower story 27 and a room temperature of 18°C in the upper story. Within 2 to 4 hours the air in the entire house 1 is exchanged without opening of windows and doors, only by the inventional heating arrangement, at cross-sections of 100 mm for the channels and duct systems, respectively, of the warm-air heating, the former, for example, consisting of laminated folded tubes. 129125 / 2 In Fig. 2, the external wall 2 of, for example, 34 cm thickness consists of three shells 36, 37, and 38. The shell 37 is the proper stressed shell (framework) having posts 39, tie-beams 40, and a layer 41 of rock wool filling the in-between spaces, wherein the posts are at right angles to the tie-beams 40, perpendicular and parallel to the drawing plane of Fig. 2.

For reasons of representation the post 39 is only partially illustrated in Fig. 2. In order to hold the rock wool 41 between the post and the tie- beams 40 the shell 37 is provided, on the one hand (externally), with a chipboard 42 and, on the other hand, with a foil 43, which acts as a 10 vapour barrier being penetrable by air rather than by vapour. The shell 36 succeeding the shell 37 to the outside consists of an external plaster 45 provided on Heraklit-boards 44. The latter are nailed to a cross-lathing 46 which, in turn, is nailed to the tie-beams 40 wherein, besides said chipboard 42, a so-called moisture lathing 68 for enabling a sufficient air 15 circulation in the external shell is provided between the tie-beams 40 and the cross-lathing 46. The interior shell 38 has a frame work 47, the -9-1997 girders of which are substantially parallel to the lathing 46 of the cross- laming 46 and to the tie-beams 40 of the shells 36, 37 and are fixed to said tie-beams. The spaces of the frame work 47 are also filled with rock 20 wool 48. The frame work 47 supports a layer of tongue and groove rough sheets 49 to which plasterboards 50 are nailed or screwed. The shell 38 is adapted for mounting furniture, pictures, and other objects.

The detail of the roof according to Fig. 3 exhibits the roofing consisting 25 I of roofing tiles 51 suspended on batten 52. The latter are applied on a layer of counter-laths 53 which, in turn, rest via a bitumen board 54, on a tongue and groove rough sheathing 55, the boards of which are substantially in parallel to the batten 52. The batten 52, the counter-laths 53, and the tongue and groove rough sheathing 55 with the bitumen 30 I board 54 are connected to rafters 56 (only one of which is shown in broken off representation for the reason of illustration). The spaces between the rafters 56, which are shown in Fig. 3 as parallel to the drawing-plane and one after the other, are filled with a layer of rock wool 57 in a way that an air space and an air layer 58, respectively, is 35 I formed for better air circulation. Also in this case, a vapour barrier 59 is provided which separates the thicker rock wool layer 57 from the thinner rock wool layer 60 which is located in the plane of a reduced roof boarding 61 and has a layer of plaster boards 62 as a lower termination. Also in this example a three-shell roof 6 construction of a thickness of about 33.5cm can be seen. -9-1997 According to Fig. 4, the ground-plate 5 on solid ground 63 consists of, for example, a gravel layer 64 of 10 cm thickness, an expanded hard plastic layer 65 of 20 cm thickness, a reinforced concrete layer 66 of 22 cm thickness and a floor finish 67 of, as usual, 4 cm thickness. Air channels 15 for conveying the underfloor heating air are placed in the reinforced concrete layer 66. Due to the three-shell construction of the house 1 the heat demand per annum amounts to only 46 kW/m2.

Fig. 5 explains the basic operation of the ground-plate heating for which the solar plant 13, the buffer storage 12, the heat-exchanger 14, and the air channels 15, 19 are essential. An insignificant boosting of the heating air in the air channels 15 and, hence, of the waste air of the lower story 27 and of the heating air of the upper story 10 on, for example, cold days is feasible by way of an electric cartridge heater 28, installed in the buffer storage 12. This can be automatically achieved by temperature sensors and thermostats (not shown) provided in the lower story 27 and in the upper story 10. Additionally, a pump can be installed in the ducts 20, 21 for circulating the water.

In Fig. 6 a heat-exchanger (waste air heat-exchanger) 29 can be seen operating in reverse flow, into which the warm waste air 30 from the exit openings 23 flows in via the duct system 24 and leaves the same as cold waste air via a duct 32. The warm waste air 30 delivers its heat to the cold fresh air 33 which via a duct 34 and a filter 35 enters the heat- exchanger 29, flows around the specially directed warm waste air 30, takes the heat from the latter and is conducted via the duct system 26 to the inlet openings 25 for heating the upper story 10. The waste air heat- exchanger 29 can be provided with an additional heating just as the water ; storage 12. - 7 - The invention is not restricted to a building 1 of a definite number of stories 10, 27 or of rooms. The waste air heat-exchanger 29 can also be replaced by a heat pump. It is also feasible to transport the ccldjresh air. 33 via a sufBciently long pipe, for example, of the length, of the house periphery, buried in the soil beside titie house (building) 1, to the heat-exchanger 29 or to the heat pump. It is advantageous not to bury the pipe in frost susceptible soil. Thus it is feasible to cool the fresh air and to employ the same for cooling in summer; a heat exchange does neither take placejin the fresh-air Jieating nor in the underfk>or heating. The entire features disclosed in the specification, in tfce drawings, and in the attached claims are, individually or in any combination, considered as essentially of the invention.

List of reference numerals 1 - (frame-work) house 2 - external walls 3, 4 - (window, door) openings 5 - ground plate 6 - saddle roof 7, 8 - floor/ceiling 9 - roof truss 10 - upper story 11 - garret 12 - buffer storage, (water storage) 13 - solar-plant 14, 29 - heat-exchangers 15, 19 - air channels 16 - fan 17, 18 - heating air 20, 21 - ducts 22 - heating coil 23 - exit openings 24, 26 - duct systems 25 - inlet openings 27 - lower story 28 - cartridge heater 30, 31 - waste air 32, 34 - ducts 33 - fresh air 35 - filter 36, 37, 38 - shells 39 - post 40 - tie-beams 41, 48, 57 - (layer of) rock wool 42 - chip-board 43 - foil 44 - Heraklit boards 45 - external plaster - 9 - 46 - cross-lathing 47 - frame work 49 - tongued and grooved rough sheets 50, 62 - plaster boards 51 - roofing tiles 52 - batten 53 - counter-laths 54 - bitumen board 55 - tongued and grooved rough sheathing 56 - rafters 58 - air layer 59 - vapour barrier 60 - layer of rock wool 61 - reduced roof boarding 63 - solid ground 64 - gravel layer 65 - expanded hard plastic layer 66 - reinforced concrete layer 67 - floor finish 68 - moisture lathing

Claims

10 129125/3 CLAIMS:

1. Building with a heating system and a cooling system comprising a solar heat operated underfloor heating and a fresh-air heating, characterized in that in an at least two-shell post-and-beam construction, the underfloor heating exhibits a closed air circulation which, in an associated heat-exchanger, is heated by a closed water-circuit that is heated, in turn, by a solar plant, and in that the air from the fresh-air heating is connected to a pipe which is buried via a sufficiently long path in the soil beside the building for heat-exchange, with the heat exchanger advantageously at a non-frost-susceptible level.

2. Building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer walls of the building have a heat transition coefficient Km of fronv0.15W/m2 to 0.23 /m2.

3. Building as claimed in claim 2, wherein the post-and-beam construction is a framework house.

4. Building as claimed in at least one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the pipe in the soil of the fresh-air heating is followed by a heat-exchanger in which waste air transmits its heat to the fresh-air.

5. Building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the underfloor heating is arranged in a ground-plate of the building or in the ceiling of the cellar.

6. Building as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein the heat-exchanger associated to the underfloor heating is located in the ground plate or in the ceiling of the cellar of the building.

7. Building as claimed in claim 1, wherein a large-volume warm-water storage is provided, heated by the solar-plant via a heat-exchanger.

8. Building as claimed hi claim I, wherein the fresh-air heating is provided with a heat-pump,

9. Building as claimed in claim 4, wherein the taken-in fresh-air passes a filter before being heated in the associated heat-exchanger.

10. Building as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherei , the entry openings of the fresh-air heating are arranged in the ceiling of the respective story of the building.

11. Building as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wjierein the exit openings for the waste air are arranged in the ceiling of the respective story of the building.

12. Building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fresh air is used for cooling.

13. Building as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein additional heatings are associated to the heat delivering circulations of the underfloor heating and/or of the fresh air heating and/or of the warm water tank.

14. Building as claimed in claim 5, wherein a pump is provided in the underfloor heating water circulation.

15. Building as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein fans are provided in the air circulation of the underfloor heating and/or in the pipe of the fresh air heating and/or in the duct system of the waste air. For the Applicants REINHOLD COHN AND PARTNERS Byi \ H>V_i c k