JPH03148526A - Underfloor heat storage type energy saving heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an inexpensive utilization of thermal energy and effective utilization thereof by a method wherein a heat storage material is arranged within a wide range of a spacing between a first floor surface of a building and a ground and heat is stored using a solar heat, a surplus electrical power at night, a discharged heat and a direct heating or the like. CONSTITUTION:A wall surface 3 and a roof surface 4 receiving a sun shining 2 from the sun 1 show an increased temperature and its heat may heat air within hollow portions 5 and 6. Hot air heated by the wall surface and the roof surface is guided to a beat storage material 10 stored below at floor by an air blower 8 installed in an air tunnel 7 and then the heat is stored as a heat energy. The stored heat energy continues to heat gradually dwelling spacing 51 and 52 placed above the device through natural heat radiation. If the sun shining volume is reduced and the stored heat is substantially decreased, the heat storage material us heated by a heater facility 33 through a control device 32 with a surplus electric power at night together with an inexpensive auxiliary heating source.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is provided for buildings aiming at energy conservation in which thermal energy such as natural solar thermal energy, nighttime surplus electricity, waste heat, etc. is used cheaply and effectively.

[Conventional technology]

This is a passive air cycle system that aims to make the living space comfortable by controlling indoor air using convection thermal energy of the air in the hollow parts of highly insulated and highly secret buildings with double walls and double roofs. In the summer, air heated by the sun is collected in the ceiling of the top floor from the hollow part of the double wall/double roof and released outdoors, and in the winter, the warm air in the hollow part is pumped into the highly insulated building. This system attempts to achieve a heating effect using natural solar heat, which is circulated by natural convection power.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In general small-scale buildings, including houses, it is customary for the first floor to be set 30 to 60 cm above the ground, and the area in between is not used for anything other than the building structure and is used as a ventilation space. Geography was done using fill-in soil as a part of the area that did not form part of the area.

Therefore, in order to use this area for a purpose, it is an area that can easily be secured as an optimal space for storing items that are particularly heavy, large in volume, and have no particular shape or appearance, without affecting the living space. I noticed something.

It is based on the idea of using solar energy cheaply and effectively from the viewpoints of resource conservation, energy conservation, prevention of natural destruction, and utilization of natural energy.

Electric power companies are making considerable efforts to equalize the large difference in power supply between daytime and nighttime, including creating a difference in power rates.

Exhaust heat such as industrial exhaust heat, equipment exhaust heat, equipment exhaust heat, etc. is sufficient to be used directly as heating energy in living spaces, and is an effective use of resource energy.

We believe that the present invention will greatly contribute to solving the above problems.

[Means to solve the problem]

In response to the above issues, the following system is a system that combines them in a living space to achieve the objectives.

The first thing that can easily use solar energy is heating energy. The outer walls and roofs of buildings receive sunlight and receive a large amount of heating energy. Winter is no exception, and in order to capture that energy cheaply and effectively, we use building materials that have a surface that absorbs heat well and easily conducts heat to the back side (3) ( Hollow parts (5) and (6) are formed in 4) to serve as a circulation space for warm air, and the indoor side is highly insulated so that thermal energy can be continuously captured as warm air according to the amount of solar radiation. Do it like this.

Simply guiding the captured large amount of thermal energy into the living space can result in a considerable amount of excess energy depending on the environment. We need to think of ways to use surplus energy cheaply and effectively. The most suitable method for this purpose is the underfloor heat storage method. This is an attempt to form a heat storage area at a low cost under the floor, which had not been used effectively in the past except in large buildings, and it has a thickness of 20 to 30cm without having almost any effect on the basic plan of the building.
It is possible to install the facility all over the floor under the m. Therefore, the heat storage energy can be taken out and used by natural dissipation through radiation, heat transfer, and upward convection of warm air from the upper surface of the heat storage part. It has the advantage of being able to use any heavy object with a large volumetric specific heat, and natural stone, sand, concrete, etc. are used from the viewpoint of permanence, maintainability, workability, cost efficiency, etc., and heat storage and heat dissipation are easy depending on the material. Facility methods are used accordingly.

Equipped with a large-capacity heat storage unit, the effectiveness of the sheep continues even if there are no sunlight for 2 to 3 days, and it is further stabilized by controlling heat storage with an artificial auxiliary heat source in addition to this natural heat source. A heating effect can be obtained through heat dissipation.

Because it is possible to store heat, the auxiliary heat source is less restricted in terms of time and type, and can freely use not only direct heating but also so-called surplus energy such as surplus electricity and waste heat at night.

Systematizing the above matters, as a natural heat source, warm air obtained from the external wall surface and roof surface is guided to the underfloor heat storage area in a mechanical ventilation wind tunnel, and the heat is absorbed by the heat storage material, and the air after heat exchange is returned to the original. Circulate it back into the hollow wall of the chamber. As an auxiliary heat source, an electric heater line, a fluid heater tube, etc. are laid inside the heat storage material, and thermal energy is managed comprehensively using electric circuits, resulting in an energy-saving heating facility. Switchable dampers are installed at the top and bottom to release the heated air from the hollow walls and hollow roof directly outdoors during the summer months when heating is not required.

[Effect]

To explain with reference to the drawings, in Fig. 1 the sun (1)
The temperature of the wall surface (3) and roof surface (4) that receives solar radiation (2) increases, and that heat heats the air in the inner hollow ffi (5) (6). The heated warm air is passed through a heat storage material (l) provided under the floor by a blower (8) installed in a wind tunnel (7).
O), which heats it and is stored as thermal energy. The accumulated thermal energy continues to gently warm the upper living space (51) (52) by natural heat radiation.

If there is little sunlight and the accumulated heat decreases significantly, the heat storage material can be heated with an inexpensive auxiliary heat source using the heater equipment (33) via the control device (32) using surplus electricity at night (31). Function can be maintained.

In FIG. 2, when heating is required and the building does not receive solar radiation, the lower damper (12) and upper damper (13) are switched open and closed to prevent the warm air inside the building from escaping.

In Figure 3, the hollow part (5) (
The air in 6) is discharged as a natural upward draft, and the inside of the building is also ventilated through the underfloor ventilation (14) and the roof ventilation opening (15).

〔Example〕

The embodiment will be explained with reference to the drawings. Since Figures 1 to 3 show the overall configuration, the parts of Figures 4 to 7, which are examples of the walls of a wooden building, will be explained. This will be explained using detailed drawings.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow wall and general wall part of A-A in Figure 1, where the outside of the pillars and studs is covered with a highly insulating material (Il), and the part facing the hollow part (5) on the outside The area is covered with black colored iron plates (17) that are waterproof, durable, and have good heat absorption. Next, an intermediary material (18) is attached to form the hollow part (5), and on the outside thereof, a dark-colored hard-processed iron plate, etc. (3) that absorbs solar heat well and transfers heat to the inside, with sufficient consideration given to the external design. Finish by.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow roof taken along line B-B in Figure 1. The rafters are covered with a highly insulating material (11) and a roof plate (16) made of plywood or the like with a thickness of about 10 mm is attached on top of it. and a durable, heat-absorbing black iron plate (17). Next, the intermediate materials (18) to form the hollow part (6) are nailed down at small intervals taking into account the load, and the roof is finished in a dark color that absorbs solar heat well and transfers heat to the inside, taking into consideration the exterior design. Figure 6 shows the connection between the underfloor heat storage section and the return duct for the air that has passed through it and completed the heat exchange to the hollow section of the outer wall. Detailed longitudinal section of the part.
A waterproof sheet (20) is placed on the ground (19), a high insulation material (11) is spread over it, and concrete is poured on top of it.
21). Next, install the heater line or tube (33) and carefully wrap it with a diameter of 10 to 20 mm for heat storage without damaging it.
Cobblestones (lO) with a thickness of 20 to 30 cm are spread so as to ensure air circulation space (9), and then covered with a thin plate (22) such as a galvanized iron plate to prevent air from escaping. A switching damper (12) is provided at the connection point between the return duct and the outer wall hollow (5).

Figure 7 is a detailed diagram of the underfloor heat storage section made of concrete, etc. Multi-pleated pipes with a diameter of 5 to 10 cm are laid at intervals of 30 to 50 cm to form the air circulation space (9), and heat is stored up to the upper end. Concrete (10) is poured. A heater line or pipe (33) is laid on top of it, and heat storage concrete (10) is poured 20 cm from the lO. Industrial waste that solidifies can be used instead of concrete, and sand-like materials that do not solidify can also be used in the same way by covering the top with a thin plate.

Returning to 1yA, the wind tunnel (7) from the top to the bottom of the floor is where warm air passes through a building that requires heating, so simple heat insulation is sufficient. The blower (8) plays an important role in circulating warm air and is operated within a range where the top capture temperature is higher than the temperature of the underfloor heat storage material and the underfloor temperature does not become abnormally high. The underfloor ventilation vents (14) and roof ventilation vents (15) that were previously installed are necessary to ventilate moisture inside the building during periods of high outside temperature, and are closed with shutters when the interior is heated. do.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it produces the effects described below.

If we set up a means to capture thermal energy by excluding openings such as windows on only the surfaces that receive sunlight for long periods of time in a general house with a total area of about 150m, the area can be secured from 50 to 150mJ, and the area that requires heating can be secured. Period 6
The total amount of heat captured by solar radiation per month is 4 million to 12 million.
It is estimated to be about 10,000 kilocalories, -40 in terms of general kerosene.
Equivalent to 0 to 1200 liters. This is extremely effective from the viewpoint of resource protection, resource conservation, energy conservation, and prevention of environmental destruction.

In addition, when discussing the merits and benefits of heating systems, it is the best system for the operating environment, with no head cold, no heat in the feet, no local high temperatures, no hot air, and no mechanical noise that disturbs sleep at night. From the viewpoint of workability and equipment cost, there are color and material restrictions for the exterior finishing materials, but this has little effect on the exterior shape and requires sealing work to seal the ventilation routes.
It does not need to be perfect because it circulates solar hot natural air, and it is possible to upgrade the system at a facility cost of about 5 to IO percent of the construction cost.

Even when nighttime surplus electricity, so-called late-night electricity, is used as an auxiliary heat source, there is almost no operating noise, and a discount on electricity charges can be expected; even when using various types of waste heat, devices that make operating noise should be used only during the day. The effectiveness of the system can be doubled by using it in a way that suits its characteristics.

This heating method is suitable for areas with long sunshine hours in winter.
In particular, the energy saving effect is significant.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a building in which solar heat is being stored in the underfloor heat storage area.
Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a building in which heat is being supplied to the underfloor heat storage section by an auxiliary heat source, Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a building in which hot air generated in the hollow parts of walls and roofs is being discharged in the summer, and Figure 4 is Figure 1A-
Detailed view of A-A cross section, Fig. 5 is a detailed view of A-A cross section of Fig. 1, Fig. 6
The figure is a detailed vertical cross-sectional view of an example of the underfloor heat storage part and the connection part to the wall hollow part, and FIG. 7 is a detailed cross-sectional view of only that part when the heat storage material is made of a material that does not have a specific shape. l...Sun, 2...Solar radiation, 3...Outer wall surface, 4...
・Roof surface 5...Outer wall hollow part, 6...Roof hollow part, 7
...-Wind tunnel, 8... Air blower, 9-... Air circulation space in the heat storage section, lO... Heat storage material, 11... High insulation material, 12... Lower damper, 13... Upper damper, 14--underfloor ventilation, 15--air vent, 1-roof plate, 17--heat absorption plate, 18--intermediate material, 19-
...Ground, 20...Waterproof sheet, 21--Earth floor concrete 22--Thin plate, 31--Night surplus power drawing or externally supplied thermal energy, 32--Control device 33...-Heater wire or One heater tube, 51-...1
Floor living space, 52-2nd floor living space,

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Energy saving through natural heat dissipation through the use of composite energy by installing heat storage material (10) over a wide area between the first floor floor of the building and the ground, storing heat from solar heat, surplus electricity at night, waste heat, direct heating, etc. heating system