IL115531A - Vehicle parking system - Google Patents

Description

VEHICLE PARKING SYSTEM VEHICLE PARKING SYSTEM Field of the Invention This invention relates to an improved vehicle parking method and systems, more particularly to a method and systems which do not require the use of parking meters or parking cards and which permit charging each user with the appropriate parking fees and crediting the appropriate parking authorities with said fees.

Background of the Invention Numerous parking systems have been described and are known in the art. Most of them, however, are relatively complicated and/or imperfect for various reasons, e.g. they may not assure that parking fees are debited to the appropriate persons or accredited to the appropriate parking authority, or they may make fraudulent use of the system possible, and so forth. Most parking systems require the use of parking meters, of more or less complicated structure and operation, and/or parking cards, the use of which may be complicated and inconvenient and which may require recharging or exchanging them, and so forth. It would be desirable to ehminate these drawbacks and to provide a system which is simple, economical, easy to operate, and foolproof. 3778/95 -2- WO 93/20539 describes a system in which a unique digital and/or alphabetical code is assigned to each parking space and a vehicle is also assigned a unique digital and/or alphabetical code. When the vehicle has been parked in the parking space, the driver dials on a telephone the code of that parking space, the vehicle code and the personal or payment responsibility code. This code combination is sent via a transmitter and a relay station to a database, and the information concerning the parking space, the vehicle using it and the person responsible for paying the parking fee are registered. When the driver collects the vehicle from the parking space, he or she sends again the aforesaid information to said database over the vehicle telephone, and the database records that the parking period has been terminated. In this way the parking cost is debited by an appropriate authority or company.

This system, however, is defective in several ways. Firstly, it is extremely difficult to detect illegal parking, since this require acquiring a graphic picture of the parking areas supervised and checking with the aid of a computer whether the vehicle's code have been registered in the data base. Since there is no control of the information which the user sends via the telephone, the difficulties involved in this data comparison make parking frauds easy. Further, there is no way to detect immediately whether a vehicle is parking overtime. Such detection requires registering the plate numbers of all the parked vehicles and asking a central computer to check whether the driver of any of them may not have falsely indicated that the vehicle has left the parking space. This is certainly impractical and inefficient. With this technique it is possible to request and terminate the parking from outside the car, which highly undesirable. 3778/95 -3- It is a purpose of this application to provide a parking method and apparatus that are simple, easy to use, economical and foolproof.

It is another purpose of this invention to provide a parking method and apparatus which do not require the use of parking meters or parking cards.

It is a further purpose of this invention to provide a parking method and apparatus which permit easy supervision of the parking location and immediate identification of the illegally arked vehicles.

It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus which exclude all possible abuses or frauds on the part of the users.

It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus that are very attractive and convenient both to users and to parking authorities.

It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus which can be supervised easily and efficiently.

It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus which render the allocation and distribution of the parking fees both simple and extremely accurate.

It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus which permit the public agency, which exercises it authority over the parking zones, e.g. the city administration, to decide the parking time and other parking conditions according to zones. 3778/95 -4- It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus which prevent damaging of parking apparatus, due to vandalism or other reasons.

It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus which prevent the scattering of refuse, such as used parking cards, in or in the vicinity of parking zones.

It is a still further purpose to provide a parking method and apparatus which do not require recharging of parking meters or exchange of parking cards.

Other purposes and advantages of the invention will appear as the description proceeds.

Summary of the invention The following nomenclature, used in this specification and claims, should be clearly defined for a complete understanding of the invention. Let us consider a public agency, such as a city, province, county or region administration which exercises its authority over a given territory. Such agency will be called "the public authority" or "the authority" - briefly, "the PA". The territory will comprise, in general, a plurality of parking zones and the parking fees and fines, if any, will in the end be collected by the authority, which will also take any steps required to enforce the traffic laws and apply any penalties for their violation, which steps, however, are outside the scope of the parking method according to the invention. The PA will also establish the parking fees and other parking conditions and limitations. 3778/95 -5- In each territory, controlled by a public authority, or in one or more parking zones contained therein, one or, generally, a plurality of agencies will be authorized to operate the parking method according to the invention. Such agencies will be called "operating agencies" - briefly, "OA"s. The territory or the plurality of parking zones in which an OA operates will be called "the territory" of that OA. The territories of different OA's may overlap, viz. a plurality of OA's may operate in the same parking zone or zones. The array of apparatus and devices for carrying out the parking method of the invention in any given territory of an OA will be considered and called "a parking network". In general, therefore, there will be a parking network for each OA; but if an OA should operate in several separate territories, there will be several parking networks operated by said OA. The parking network, if there is only one, or the parking networks, if there is a plurality of them, constitute the apparatus or system according to the invention. The OA's generally, though not necessarily, are companies operating systems or networks of devices that can receive and transmit radio signals or messages, which devices will be collectively designated as transmitter-responder devices (hereinafter "TRD"). Examples of TRD are cellular phones, message recorders, pagers, private alarms, vehicle location units, and the like. As is well known, a plurality of such companies usually operate in the same territory.

Each person that is interested of making use of a parking network, or, as may be said, of entering a parking network, will be called hereinafter a "subscriber". The subscriber need not necessarily be the driver or owner of a vehicle that will be parked according to the method of the invention. The person who actually parks the vehicle will be called hereinafter the "driver". It is one of the advantages of the parking method according to the invention that it is irrelevant 3778/95 -6- whether the driver is also the subscriber: the OA recognizes only the subscriber and attributes to it any communication it receives.

Each parking network according to the invention comprises, generally, a central computer, or, possibly, a number of central computers, operated by the OA, and, for each subscriber, in combination with a TRD, e.g. but not exclusively a cellular telephone, it comprises a complementary box, which can be coupled to said TRD, and only to it, and permits said TRD to communicate with said central computer. Each central computer is assigned a numerical address - hereinafter "the computer's nominal number" - which is public and known to all subscribers, but the computer will not accept any TRD communication unless the nominal number is dialed together with a numerical code stored in the memory of the complementary box (hereinafter also called "the integrating code"). The nominal number may include the designation of the parking zone and any other relevant information, in order to simplify the connection with the OA. The combination of the nominal number and the integrating code will be called "the computer's address". The TRD identifies the subscriber for the purpose of charging him with parking fees, either through the TRD number, which is recorded by the central computer when parking is requested through the TRD, or through another code of any kind which can be transmitted by the TRD or associated with it. If the computer's line is open when the TRD dials the computer's address, the parking procedure, hereinafter described, will take place immediately. If said line is busy, the computer will so signal, and the delayed parking procedure, hereinafter described, will take place.

During the parking procedure, or at least at its beginning, the complementary box is intended to be coupled with the TRD. Said box is 3778/95 provided with display means, visible from outside the vehicle to a parking supervisor, for signaling authorized parking and the expiration of the allowed parking time, and other pertinent information, if any. If the complementary box has not been coupled with the TRD, the parking procedure cannot be carried out and no parking can be authorized, and said box indicates this by failing to signal that it is activated. The same is true if, for any other reason, the parking is not authorized by the central computer. When the authorized parking period has ended, the complementary box display means cease to indicate legal parking and indicates overtime parking. This is preferably achieved by providing said box with timing means, which registers the allowed parking time and measures the actual, elapsed parking time. In all cases in which the vehicle is not legally parked, information as to this fact can be transmitted to PA, as part of the supervising procedure, hereinafter described.

Preferably, said complementary box comprises identification marks or indices, e.g. numerical identification means such as a bar code or the like, which can be scanned and registered from outside the vehicle, generally through the windshield. Said identification marks correspond to the TRD identification number, so that they also identify the subscriber. The absence of the complementary box renders the parking illegitimate.

It should be noted that, although this has not been illustrated, the complementary box need not be in a single piece, but may be constituted, for example, by two components, one of which may be a standard or universal one mounted by the car manufacturer, while the other one, provided and coupled to it when requested by a subscriber, will be adapted to the particular TRD used by the subscriber. 3778/95 -8- Preferably, each parking- network according to the invention additionally comprises a number of parking control devices, for use by parking supervisors, each of which comprises scanning means for reading the identification marks and the display signs of the complementary boxes, validation means, memory means for registering the information obtained from the scanning and any other pertinent information, and coupling means for coupling the control device to a terminal or computer or other information receiving device belonging to the PA.

The invention further provides a parking apparatus, comprising a plurality of networks as hereinbeforoe described.

The method of controlling vehicle parking and charging parking fees to the user, according to the invention, comprises therefor the steps of : 1. providing at least one central computer; 2. providing, for each subscriber, at least one transmitter-responder device and a complementary box, exclusively coupled the one to the other and correspondingly identified, the complementary box having display means for visually indicating its activation and the non- expiration or expiration of the allowed parking time, and other pertinent information, if any; 3. once the vehicle has been parked, coupling said TRD to said complementary box, unless they were already so coupled; 4. controlling the specific parking location, its code and any other necessary parameters, if any, associated with it (said code and parameters being derived from a sign placed at the parking zone or being known to the user by other means); 3778/95 -9- 5. dialing the central computer's nominal number, integrated with a code stored in the memory of the complementary box, to constitute the computer's address., and further, dialing the said parking zone's code and necessary parameters; 6. if the connection of the TRD with the central computer is effected, carrying out the following steps: I. sending from the central computer to the TRD a parking authorization, the allowed parking time, and any other pertinent data, if any, thereby completing the parking procedure; II. if the parking procedure has been completed, activating in the complementary box display a sign indicating legitimate parking and the parking zone; III. downcounting, by means of a timer comprised in the complementary box, the actual parking time, viz. continuously counting the time that has passed and subtracting it from the allowed or maximum parking time; 7. if the connection of the TRD with the central computer is not effected, carrying out the following steps: A. storing in the central computer's memory the data dialed by the TRD, placing the TRD in a waiting list and sending to the TRD a signal indicating that step A has been carried out; B. activating, in the complementary box display, a sign indicating legitimate parking and the parking zone and beginning to downcount, by means of a timer comprised in the complementary box, the actual parking time; C. when the connection of the TRD with the central computer has been effected, continuing the countdown of the actual parking time; 8. if the vehicle leaves the parking space before the end of the allowed parking time, signaling this fact from the TRD to the central computer, 3778/95 -10- stopping the downcountin of the parking time and deactivating the complementary box display; 9. if, at the end of the allowed parking time the TRD has not signaled that the vehicle has left the parking space, deactivating in the complementary box display the sign indicating legitimate parking and activating a sign indicating overtime parking. 10. communicating from the central computer to the PA the subscriber' s number, the parking location, the actual parking time, and other data, if any, required for the PA to collect the parking fees from the subscriber.

The parking fees could also be collected by the OA, based on the same data, and trasferred accordingly to the PA.

If the allowed parking time elapses before the parking has ended, the sign indicating legitimate parking in the complementary box display is deactivated and a sign indicating overtime parking is activated.

In addition to the aforementioned steps, the following supervision steps are a preferred part of the invention: a- providing the supervisors of parking locations with control devices for validating the complementary boxes and for scanning and registering from outside the vehicles their identification codes; b- registering, for each such identification code, the fact of legitimate or illegitimate parking and, optionally, the reason of this latter (e.g. inactivation of the complementary box or overtime parking) and any other pertinent data; c- preferably, periodically, e.g. at the end of the supervisor's shift, transmitting to the PA the data contained in the memory of said supervisor's control device. 3778/95 -11- Brief description of drawings In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of the parking system according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig 2 is a schematic perspective view from mside a vehicle of a portable telephone applied to a complementary box; Fig. 3 is a schematic view from the front of an complementary box as seen from the outside of the vehicle; Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a complementary box; and Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a control device.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments With reference now to Fig. 1, each parking network according to the invention comprises at least one central computer 10, located at a suitable location, generally remote from the parking zones. For each subscriber to the network, this latter comprises at least one TRD. In this particular embodiment, for purposes of illustration, the TRD is generally indicated at 11 as a cellular telephone, but this should not be construed as a limitation, as any transmitter-responder device could be used in place of cellular telephone 11. The TRD is mechanically supported by any convenient support member, such as e.g. commonly provided in cars for supporting cellular telephones and the like, indicated at 18. The parking system also comprises, for each 3778/95 - 12- subscriber, at least one complementary box, generally indicated at 12. Telephone 11 and complementary box 12 are shown in the drawing as operatively connected at 13, for establishing the desired connection between their circuits, when the two devices are coupled. The operative connection may be of any suitable kind, and may e.g. comprise electrical cable means and a junction box, and requires no further description, as it may easily be provided by skilled persons. Power means are preferwbly provided for feeding electrical power to the complementary box. These means may include the battery of the car in which the box is mounted and an electrical connection between said battery and the box. Autonomous power means, however, could be provided for the box. The TRD, generally, has its own power means, such as batteries, but it may be connected, when in use acording to the invention, to the car battery, e.g. as it may be connected for battery recharging.

The complementary box 12 comprises a display 19, shown in the drawing as separate, but actually forming the front of the box 12, consisting for example of two lights 14 and 15 of different color, say red and green, and an identification code, say a numerical code such as a bar code or the like, that can be scanned and registered from the outside, indicated at 16 (Fig. 2). The device can also display other information, such as the end of the allowed parking time, etc, as schematically indicated in the display 17 (Fig. 2). The complementary box permits the telephone 11 to communicate with the central computer 10 via antenna 22, by communicating to it the appropriate integrating code, to form, together with the computer's nominal number, the computer's address. The telephone keys, generally indicated at 20, permit to dial and also to transmit other coded information to the central computer 10. 21 and 22 designate antennae 3778/95 -13- of the complementary box and of the central computer, respectively. I n lieu of using an antenna which is part of the complementary box, the TRD's antenna could be used. 25 is a control box, to be described hereinafter. 26 is the computer of the PA.

Fig. 2 shows in schematic perspective an example of telephone 11 and a complementary box 12, seen from the interior of the vehicle, while Fig. 3 schematically shows the display 17 of the complementary box 12, as seen through the windshield.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a complementary box 12 according to an embodiment of the invention. 30 indicates the CPU of said box. 31 indicates the part of the CPU which recognizes that the appropriate TRD has been connected to the box and provides the validation or consent for the box to carry out its functions. The CPU receives information from the TRD at 32 and sends information to it at 33. 34 is a unit by means of which the validation procedure to be described, for determining that the box 12 is an authentic one, is carried out. 35 is the timing circuitry which effects the countdown of the actual parking time. The complementary receives power from any convenient source, e.g. the car battery, said power input being indicated by arrow 36 Each parking network according to the invention is used in the following manner. When the vehicle is parked and the telephone 11 (or other TRD) is coupled with the complementary box 12, the telephone 11 can connect with the central computer 10 by dialing its nominal number. If the telephone is not coupled with the complementary box, the dialing of said number will produce no results, and the telephone will not be connected with the central computer. If the telephone is coupled with the complementary box and said nominal number is 3778/95 -14- dialed, the complementary box integrates it, as has been said, by an integrating code stored in the complementary box memory, to form the computer's address and permits it to receive the communication from the TRD. The driver also dials (desirably by means of the usual keys, though other special keys could be provided) a code number or code numbers identifying the parking zone and all the relevant parameters relating to it. The parking zone may be incorporated in the nominal number.

If the central computer's line is open and connection is made between it and the TRD, the computer will signal to this latter its acceptance of the parking request and any other useful information - unless that particular telephone is disqualified for any reason (either connected to the phone itself, e.g. failure to pay earlier phone bills, or communicated by the PA, e.g. because it is not associated with a solvent charging account, or because parking in that particular location is not allowed at that time). It will also communicate the maximum allowable parking time and any other pertinent information. The central computer's reply will cause the complementary box to activate the signal which indicates legal parking and to begin downcounting the parking time, viz. continuously measuring the time passed and substracting it from the allowed parking time. This will complete the parking procedure.

If, when the driver dials the computer, the line is busy, the computer will so advise, place the subscriber in a waiting list, and activate the legal parking time. The parking procedure will be completed when the line becomes free, even if the telephone has been removed meanwhile from the complementary box. 3778/95 - 15- Once the parking procedure has been completed, or the subscriber has been put on a waiting list, the TRD can be removed from the complementary box and used in a normal way by the driver; but it cannot communicate with a central computer and request parking anywhere or extension of the allowed parking time, until it is connected once again to the complementary box. This avoids abuses, that are possible with other known parking systems.

When the driver leaves the parking space, he calls once again the central computer and communicates the end of parking. The central computer deactivates the complementary box and registers the time elapsed in parking. Based on these data, the OA collects the parking fees, or more precisely, debits the subscriber's account with said fees, which are the paid to the PA. Alternatively, said data may be transmitted to the PA, which, in that case, directly debits the subscriber's account with the corresponding fee.

The parking supervisor passes periodically among the parked vehicles with a control device which includes scanning and memory, preferably random-access memory, means. Fig. 5 schematically illustrates such a device, generally indicated at 40. It is provided with an antenna 41, keys 42 and a display 43. It is further provided with a bar code reader or other device for reading the identification marks of the complementary box 12, indicated at 44. 45 indicates means for coupling the device to the PA computer or to a terminal leading to it.

As the supervisor passes near a vehicle or stops in front of it, a validation procedure is firstly carried out, to assure that the complementary box of the vehicle is an authentic, and not a counterfeit or otherwise illegitimate, one. There are several variants of the way in 3778/95 -16- which such a procedure can be carried out. One of them is for the supervisor to send to the box, by infrared or ultrasound or other radiation, a message to which the box responds, according to a program stored in its memory, by showing a coded response in its display. To render circumvention of this procedure more difficult, a number of programs may be stored in each box memory and the supervisor may choose one of them in a random manner. Or the supervisor may change, in a random or other manner, the message he sends to the box. Another validation procedure requires that the box send, by infrared or ultrasound or other radiation, continuously or at short intervals, a message the authenticity of which can be checked by the control device.

Once the validation has given a positive result, the scanning means of the control device scan the identification marks of the complementary box (as has been said, a bar code or any other convenient identification means, either numerical or other) and this identification is registered in the control device memory. If the supervisor sees that a vehicle is illegally parked, because the complementary box is inactivated or signals overtime parking, or for any other reason, he registers this fact in the control device by an appropriate code identifying the particular parking violation. If the complementary box is missing, he may register the plate number of the vehicle. If the complementary box indicates legal parking, he may also enter this fact in the memory of the control device. The communication between the control device and the complementary box, for carrying out the above operations, is schematically indicated at 46 in Fig. 1.

At the end of a specified period, usually at the end of the supervisor's shift or working day, or at any other convenient time, the supervisor 3778/95 -17- will bring his control device to a location designated by the PA, and there he will couple it to a computer or a terminal operated by the PA and transfer to it the content of his control device's memory. The PA may react in any suitable way - which is not a part of the parking method of the invention - to any illegal parking registered by the control device.

The parking networks according to the invention, as has been seen, are based on components which are available in the art or which it is easily within the capability of skilled persons to procure or to design. A central element of each network is constituted by the coupling of the TRD and the complementary box. As has been said, central computers will not accept a communication from any TRD which dials its nominal number, unless this is integrated by a specific code that can be sent only by a complementary box. A block diagram of an complementary box, according to an embodiment of the invention, is shown in Fig. 5, merely for illustration purposes.

Each complementary box has a CPU, which comprises memory means, preferably a ROM. When the subscriber purchases a complementary box, the device manufacturer or seller will register in its memory the number of the TRD, e.g. cellular telephone, which the subscriber intends to use. This can be done in many ways, for instance by coupling the TRD to the complementary box and actuating it, or in any other manner easily understood by skilled persons. Thereafter the complementary box will refuse to communicate in any way with a TRD having a different number, that is, its circuitry will remain inactive until a consent or validation is given by the CPU, which consent is dependent on its having received from a TRD, coupled to the complementary box, the TRD number registered in the box memory. 3778/95 - 18- Once the consent has been given, the complementary box will still remain inert as long as the TRD coupled to it does not dial the nominal number of a central computer, and when it dials it, the box will integrate said number with the code stored in its memory. Generally, each subscriber will dial one and only one computer, since each subscriber generally subscribes to a single parking network, as hereinbefore defined, and each such network generally includes one and only one central computer; and therefore only one such code will be stored in the box's memory. However, if a subscriber may have to dial more than one central computer - as might occur if he subscribes to more than one parking network (e.g., if he uses two or more cellular phones belonging to different cellular phone networks) or if the parking network to which he subscribes covers such a wide territory that more than one central computer is required to cover it - the box's memory will store a list of the nominal numbers of such central computers and the corresponding integrating codes. The subscriber will know what central computer is to be contacted in each case, or he will obtain this information from a sign posted at the parking location.

Also, the complementary box has in it a timer which will be set to the allowed parking time and will count the actual parking time. As has been said, the expiration of the allowed time will cause the legal parking sign to be switched off and the illegal parking sign to be switched on. In many cases the legal parking sign will be a green light and the illegal parking sign will be a red light, but different display means can be provided without difficulty.

The supervisor's control device comprises, as has been said, scanning and memory means, means for carrying out the validation procedure, 3778/95 - 19- and means for accessing the computer of the PA. Such a device can easily be designed and made by persons skilled in the art.

While embodiments of the device have been described for purposes of illustration, it will be apparent that the invention will be carried into practice with many modifications, variations and adaptations, without departing from its spirit or exceeding the scope of the claims. 3778/95 -20-

Claims (24)

1. Parking network, for controlling vehicle parking and charging parking fees to a number of subscribers, which comprises at least one central computers, and, for each subscriber, in combination with a TRD, a complementary box, which can be coupled to said T JD and only to it, and permits said TRD to communicate with said central computer.

2. Parking network according to claim 1, wherein the complementary box is provided with display means, visible from outside the vehicle, for signaling authorized parking and the expiration of the allowed parking time, and any other pertinent information.

3. Parking network according to claim 1, wherein the complementary box is provided with timing means, which registers the allowed parking time and measures the actual, elapsed parking time.

4. Parking network according to claim 1, wherein the complementary box is provided with identification marks or indices, which can be scanned and registered from the outside.

5. Parking network according to claim 1, wherein the complementary box is provided with means for receiving and elaborating a validation message.

6. Parking network according to claim 1, wherein the complementary box is provided with means for sending a validation message. 3778/95 -21-

7. Parking network according to claim L further comprising a number of parking control devices, for use by parking supervisors.

8. Parking network according to claim 7, wherein each parking control device comprises scanning means for reading the identification marks and the display signs of the complementary boxes, and memory means for registering the information obtained from the scanning and any other pertinent information.

9. Parking system according to claim 8, wherein coupling means are provided in each control device for coupling this latter to a terminal or a computer in order to transmit to the PA the contents of the control device memory.

10. Parking network according to claim 1, wherein the complementary box is provided with a seat for receiving and supporting the TRD and with electrical contact means for connecting the circuits of said TRD and said box.

11. Parking network according to claim 1, wherein the TRD is chosen from among cellular telephones and pagers.

12. Parking network according to claim 1, comprising means for feeding electrical power to the complementary box.

13. Parking network according to claim 12, wherein the means for feeding electrical power to the complementary box TRD comprise the battery of the parked car. 3778/95 -22-

14. Parking apparatus, comprising a plurality of networks according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

15. Method of controlling vehicle parking and charging parking fees to subscribers, which comprises the steps of : 1. providing at least one central computer; 2. providing, for each subscriber, at least one transmitter-responder device and a complementary box, exclusively coupled the one to the other and correspondingly identified, the complementary box having display means for visually indicating its activation and the non- expiration or expiration of the allowed parking time, and other pertinent information, if any; 3. once the vehicle has been parked, coupling said TRD to said complementary box. unless they were already so coupled; 4. controlling the specific parking location, its code and any other necessary parameters, if any, associated with it; 5. dialing the central computer's nominal number, integrated with a code stored in the memory of the complementary box, to constitute the computer's address, and further, dialing the said parking zone's code and necessary parameters; 6. if the connection of the TRD with the central computer is effected, carrying out the following steps: I. sending from the central computer to the TRD a parking authorization, the allowed parking time, and any other pertinent data, if any, thereby completing the parking procedure; II. if the parking procedure has been completed, activating in the complementary box display a sign indicating legitimate parking and the parking zone; III. downcounting, by means of a timer comprised in the complementary box, the actual parking time; 3778/95 -23- 7. If the connection of the TRD with the central computer is not effected, carrying out the following steps: A. storing in the central computer's memory the data dialed by the TRD, placing the TRD in a waiting list and sending to the TRD a signal indicating that step A has been carried out; B. activating, in the complementary box display, a sign indicating legitimate parking and the parking zone and beginning to downcount, by means of a timer comprised in the complementary box, the actual parking time; C. when the connection of the TRD with the central computer has been effected, continuing the countdown of the actual parking time and, at the end of the allowed parking time, deactivating in the complementary box display the sign indicating legitimate parking and activating a sign indicating overtime parking; 8. if the vehicle leaves the parking space before the end of the allowed parking time, signaling this fact from the TRD to the central computer, stopping the downcounting of the parking time and deactivating the complementary box display.

16. Method according to claim 15, further comprising, if at the end of the allowed parking time the TRD has not signaled that the vehicle has left the parking space, deactivating in the complementary box display the sign indicating legitimate parking and activating a sign indicating overtime parking.

17. Method according to claim 15, further comprising communicating from the central computer to the PA the subscriber' s number, the parking location, the actual parking time, and other data, if any, required for the PA to collect the parking fees from the subscriber. 3778/95 -24-

18. Method according to claim 15, further comprising having the OA collect the parking fees and transfer the same to the PA.

19. Method according to claim 15, further comprising the following supervision steps: a- providing the supervisors of parking locations with control devices and for scanning and registering from outside the vehicles their identification codes; b- registering, for each such identification code, the fact of legitimate or illegitimate parking and, optionally, the reason of this latter and any- other pertinent data; c- periodically transmitting to the PA the data contained in the memory of said supervisor's control device.

20. Method according to claim 19, further comprising validating the complementary boxes by sending a message thereto from the control device and checking the box's response to said message.

21. Method according to claim 19, further comprising validating the complementary boxes by sending a validating message from said boxes to the control devices.

22. Parking network, for controlling vehicle parking and charging parking fees to a number of subscribers, substantially as described and illustrated.

23. Parking apparatus, substantially as described and illustrated.

24. Method of controlling vehicle parking and charging parking fees to subscribers, substantially as described and illustrated. LUZ2ATTO¾ J-UZZATTO