IE901873L - Electro magnetic valve for controlling flow of a metal in a¹liquid phase - Google Patents
Electro magnetic valve for controlling flow of a metal in a¹liquid phaseInfo
- Publication number
- IE901873L IE901873L IE901873A IE187390A IE901873L IE 901873 L IE901873 L IE 901873L IE 901873 A IE901873 A IE 901873A IE 187390 A IE187390 A IE 187390A IE 901873 L IE901873 L IE 901873L
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- tubular body
- metal
- core
- metal alloy
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
- Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/206—Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
- Y10T137/218—Means to regulate or vary operation of device
- Y10T137/2191—By non-fluid energy field affecting input [e.g., transducer]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Sliding Valves (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
Electromagnetic valve for controlling the flow of a liquid metal or metal alloy in a pressurized pipe (13,15), said valve comprising a tubular body (1) made of a material which is permeable to magnetic fields, and a polyphase field coil (2) arranged around said tubular body in order to create a magnetic field for sliding lengthwise along said tubular body. Said valve is characterized in that it comprises a core (5) which is held in an axial position through the tubular body (1), said core (5) leaving between itself and the inner surface of the tubular body a substantially ring-shaped passage for the liquid metal or metal alloy of which the flow is to be controlled.
Description
80594 This invention relates to an electromagnetic valve for controlling the flow of a metal or metal alloy in the liquid phase in a pipe subjected to a head, comprising a tubular body of a material which is permeable to a magnetic field, and at 5 least one multiphase induction winding placed around the tubular body to create a magnetic field which slides along the longitudinal axis of the said tubular body. An electromagnetic valve of this type is known for example from DE-B-1 037 789. 10 In the field of metallurgy, for example in industrial casting equipment or in equipment for coating steel industry products with a metal or metal alloy, such as hot galvanising equipment, or in other applications, it is often necessary to be able to control a flow of metal or metal alloy in the 15 liquid phase. In this respect either the metal or the metal alloy is melted following a controlled increase in temperature, or the metal or metal alloy is normally liquid at ambient temperature, as e.g. in the case of mercury. In order to control a flow of liquid metal or metal alloy it is normal 20 to use electromechanical or hydromechanical systems such as slide valves, stopper rods, etc. These systems give rise to major investment and relatively high maintenance costs because they include moving mechanical parts.
For this reason it has already been proposed, in particular in 25 patent DE-B-1 037 789, that electromagnetic valves which include no moving mechanical parts should be used to control the flow of a metal or metal alloy in the liquid phase in piping which is subjected to a head. Electromagnetic valves of this type function in accordance with a principle similar 80594 - 3 - to that of a linear motor, the role of the moving inducted body being played by the metal or metal alloy whose flow is to be controlled. In these electromagnetic valves the multiphase induction winding is arranged and electrically connected in 5 such a way that the magnetic field which it creates propagates countercurrently to the normal direction of flow of the liquid metal or metal alloy in the piping which is subjected to a head. In other words, the magnetic force produced by the multiphase induction winding applied to the liquid metal in 10 the pipe opposes the force due to the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid metal in the pipe. By adjusting the strength of the current in the multiphase induction winding the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy in the pipe can be controlled. The greater the current in the multiphase induction winding 15 the smaller will be the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy passing through the electromagnetic valve. Theoretically, by using a sufficiently strong current it is possible to stop the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy from passing the valve. However the strength of the current required in order to stop 20 the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy is relatively large, and so also is the electrical power required to keep the electromagnetic valve in the "closed" position, and in practice it has proved difficult to achieve complete and reliable stoppage of the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy. 25 In order to obtain complete stoppage of the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy it has been proposed that the outlet end of the tubular body of the electromagnetic valve should be partly closed off by a transverse wall which has an outlet orifice which is off-centre or off-line with respect to the 30 longitudinal axis of the said tubular body. Although such an arrangement can actually be used to bring the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy to a complete stop, the magnitude of the current required for this purpose still remains relatively high, and, in addition to this, when the electromagnetic valve 35 is "open", the transverse wall with its off-centre outlet - 4 - orifice gives rise to disturbances (turbulence) and losses of head in the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy which may be unacceptable in some applications.
An electromagnetic valve to control the flow of a metal which 5 comprises a core located within a tubular body, the core comprising a solenoid which is fed with electrical power and thus creates a magnetic field, is also known from patent GB-A-1 308 087.
The purpose of this invention is to provide an electromagnetic 10 valve which requires less electrical power than the electromagnetic valves previously known to control and stop the flow of a liquid metal or metal alloy in a pipe subjected to a head, which introduces only little disturbance into the said flow when the valve is open. 15 For this purpose, and in accordance with this invention, the electromagnetic valve to control the flow of a metal alloy in the liquid phase in a pipe which is subjected to a head comprises a tubular body of material which is permeable to a magnetic field, and at least one multiphase induction winding 20 placed around the said tubular body to create a magnetic field which slides along the longitudinal axis of the said tubular body, the said valve being characterised in that it comprises a core, made of a magnetic material, which is held and extends axially within the tubular body to provide a loop for the 25 magnetic field created by the multiphase induction winding, the said core providing a substantially annular passage for the liquid metal or metal alloy whose flow is to be controlled between itself and the internal wall of the said tubular body.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention 30 the core comprises a magnetic bar immersed in a mass of material which is permeable to a magnetic field, the said core - 5 - being connected to the tubular body of the valve by radial arms made from the said material.
Although the reasons for which the electromagnetic valve according to this invention is more effective than previously 5 known electromagnetic valves have not been completely elucidated, it may nevertheless be thought that it is due to the fact that on the one hand the magnetic field created by the induction winding is concentrated by the core provided within the tubular body, and on the other hand that the flow 10 of liquid metal or metal alloy is confined within the annular region between the core and the internal wall of the tubular body, i.e. in a region where the magnetic field is naturally stronger, and therefore more effective than at the centre of the tubular conduit, this annular region being closer to the 15 induction winding which surrounds the said tubular body.
An embodiment provided by way of a non-restrictive example of this invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a diagrammatical view in cross-section of an 20 electromagnetic valve according to the invention, Figure 2 is a half sectional view along the line II-II in Figure 1.
The electromagnetic valve shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises, in a known way, a tubular body 1 constructed of a material 25 which is permeable to the magnetic field set up by a multiphase induction winding 2 which surrounds tubular body 1 and which can be supplied with current from a multiphase current source 3 of variable strength.
Where the electromagnetic valve is designed to control a flow 30 of molten metal or metal alloy, body 1 is preferably constructed of a refractory material which is not wetted on - 6 - contact with the molten metal or metal alloy, i.e. a ceramic material.
In addition, in this case the tubular body is preferably closely surrounded over its entire length by a heating device 5 4 which is capable of heating body 1 to a sufficient temperature to maintain the molten metal or metal alloy at a predetermined temperature which is higher than its melting point.
Heating device 4 may be constituted in a known way, e.g. using 10 an electromagnetic induction heating device or electrical heating resistances.
On the other hand, if the metal or metal alloy is liquid at a low temperature or at ambient temperature, body 1 has no need to be of a refractory material and may be simply of a material 15 which is permeable to the magnetic field, and which is sufficiently rigid to ensure mechanical strength for the valve body and compatible with the metal or metal alloy passing through the said valve.
Multiphase induction winding 2 is arranged and connected 20 electrically in such a way as to set up a field which slides along the longitudinal axis of tubular body 1 in a direction such that the magnetomotive forces F exerted by multiphase induction winding 2 on the liquid metal or metal alloy flowing in tubular body 1 oppose the flow of the said liquid metal 25 alloy, indicated by arrow G, under the effect of hydrostatic pressure. Multiphase induction winding 2 may for example comprise a winding of the type manufactured by the "MADILAN" laboratory at San Martin d'Heres, France. If necessary, this inductor may be cooled in a known way by a cooling fluid which 30 is caused to circulate within channels provided within the said winding. The current required to excite multiphase induction winding 2, which is provided by source 3, may e.g. - 7 - be obtained from the three phase 380 v 50 Hz mains, coupled to a voltage reducing transformer capable of reducing the voltage to 17 V and itself coupled to inductor 2 through a current strength regulating device. i 5 In accordance with the invention a core 5 extends axially within tubular body 1 and is held therein by several radial arms or limbs 6. Core 5 may have substantially the same length as tubular body 1 and arms or limbs 6 may have the same length as core 5 or extended only over part of the length 10 thereof. Preferable, core 5 and its limbs 6 are profiles in such a way as to create the least amount of disturbance possible in the liquid metal or alloy flowing in tubular body 1. For the same reasons the internal diameter of tubular body 1 and the external diameter of core 5 are selected in such a 15 way that the annular cross-sectional area of passage between core 5 and body 1 is equal to the circular passage cross-sectional area upstream, and possibly also downstream from the electromagnetic valve. Preferably core 5 comprises a magnetic bar 7 embedded in a mass 8 of material which is permeable to 20 a magnetic field, this material being preferably the same as that of which arms or limbs 6 and tubular body 1 are made, e.g. a refractory material which is not wet on contact with the liquid metal or metal alloy. Magnetic bar 7 provides a loop for the magnetic field set up by multiphase induction 25 winding 2.
In the embodiment shown by way of example in Figure 1, the electromagnetic valve may incorporate a second multiphase induction winding 9 which is located and electrically connected in such a way that it can play a part similar to , 30 that of multiphase induction winding 2. Multiphase induction winding 9 may be connected to current source 3, e.g. through , a commutator 10, or it may be connected to its own adjustable multiphase current source 11 as shown by dashed lines in Figure 1. In the first case multiphase induction winding 9 - 8 - doubles up the same function as multiphase induction winding 2 and can be used as a stand-by winding if winding 2 should fail. In the second case a small leakage flow may be permitted from multiphase induction winding 2, a small flow 5 which could then be easily stopped by the magnetic field set up by multiphase induction winding 9. This latter arrangement has the advantage of further reducing the energy consumption required for complete stoppage of the flow of liquid metal or metal alloy, and restricts the size of the equipment required 10 for supplying induction windings 2 and 9 with current.
At its inlet end tubular body 1 is provided with a flange or other means of connection 12 by means of which the electromagnetic valve may be fixed to the end of a pipe 13 delivering liquid metal or alloy or to a container holding the 15 said liquid metal or alloy. Likewise tubular body 1 may also incorporate a flange or other appropriate connection means 14 at its outlet end through which the electromagnetic valve may be connected, if so desired, to another pipe 15 carrying liquid metal or metal alloy. 20 Where the electromagnetic valve is designed to control the flow of a molten metal or metal alloy, tubular body 1, or pipe 15, may advantageously be provided with an injector 16 by means of which a neutral or inert gas which prevents oxidation of the liquid metal or metal alloy held in the electromagnetic 25 valve may be injected in a controlled way.
By way of example, using an electromagnetic valve whose body 1 has an internal diameter of 14 mm and a core 5 having an external diameter of 8 mm, and comprising a single multiphase inductor having 10 turns per phase with a diameter of 45 mm, 30 it has been possible to bring a flow of molten zinc alloy held at a temperature of 480°C to a complete stop when the hydrostatic pressure at the inlet to the electromagnetic valve was 2.5 .10* Pa (0.25 bar). In order to do this the multiphase - 9 - inductor was provided with a current of 2400 A. (It should be noted that the equipment with which the experiment was performed was not optimised and did not include any current adjustment device. It is therefore to be expected that a 5 sufficient current to cause complete stoppage of the flow of molten zinc would be even less than 2400 A). By way of comparison, using an electromagnetic valve without a central core to stop a flow of molten zinc alloy almost completely it would be necessary to provide the inductor with a multiphase 10 current of at least 4 or 5 times greater strength. - 10 -
Claims (3)
1. An electro-magnetic valve for controlling the flow of a metal or metal alloy in liquid phase in a pipe under load, said valve comprising a tubular body 5 made of a material permeable to the magnetic field, and a polyphase exciting winding disposed around said tubular body to create a magnetic field sliding along the longitudinal axis of the same tubular body, 10 characterized in that said valve comprises a magnetic material core which is maintained and extends axially in the tubular body, for looping the magnetic field generated by the polyphase exciting winding, said core forming between it and the inner 15 wall of the tubular body a substantially annular passage for the liquid metal or metal alloy whose flow is to controlled.
2. The electro-magnetic valve of Claim 1, characterized in that the core is constituted by a bar magnet 20 embedded in a mass of material permeable to the magnetic field, said' core being connected to the tubular body of said valve by radial arms made from said material.
3. The electro-magnetic valve of either one of Claims 25 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubular body of the valve, or the pipe to which said valve is connected, is advantageously provided with an injector allowing controlled injection of a neutral or inert gas avoiding oxidation of the liquid metal 30 or metal alloy retained in said valve. The electro-magnetic valve of any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises two juxtaposed polyphase exciting windings around the tubular body of the valve. The electro-magnetic valve of Claim 4, characterized in that the polyphase exciting windings are connected to distinct adjustable sources of current. A valve substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this 24th day of May 1990 CRUICKSHANK & CO., Agents for the Applicant 1, Holies Street, Dublin 2.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8907296A FR2647874B1 (en) | 1989-06-02 | 1989-06-02 | ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF A METAL OR METAL ALLOY IN LIQUID PHASE IN A LOADED PIPING |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE901873L true IE901873L (en) | 1990-12-02 |
| IE80594B1 IE80594B1 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
Family
ID=9382299
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE187390A IE80594B1 (en) | 1989-06-02 | 1990-05-24 | Electro-magnetic valve for controlling the flow of a fluid in a pipe |
Country Status (34)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5333646A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0404618B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2835649B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100197183B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1022344C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE98755T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU642883B2 (en) |
| BG (1) | BG60277B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9007426A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2062730C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ278312B6 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD295035A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69005208T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0404618T3 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG19830A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2050395T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI93766C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2647874B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU209017B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE80594B1 (en) |
| LV (1) | LV11056B (en) |
| MA (1) | MA21861A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO172309C (en) |
| OA (1) | OA09406A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL162378B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT94235B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2060427C1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK278342B6 (en) |
| TN (1) | TNSN90072A1 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR24690A (en) |
| UA (1) | UA19741A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990015279A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU47354B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA904133B (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2647874B1 (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1991-09-20 | Galva Lorraine | ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF A METAL OR METAL ALLOY IN LIQUID PHASE IN A LOADED PIPING |
| DZ1422A1 (en) * | 1989-06-09 | 2004-09-13 | Galva Lorraine | Method, procedure and installation for the continuous / intermittent coating of objects by passing said objects through a liquid mass of a coating product. |
| JPH06505534A (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1994-06-23 | アライド・チューブ・アンド・コンデュイット・コーポレーション | Flow-coated galvanized |
| US5506002A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1996-04-09 | Allied Tube & Conduit Corporation | Method for galvanizing linear materials |
| GB2312861B (en) * | 1996-05-08 | 1999-08-04 | Keith Richard Whittington | Valves |
| US6408884B1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2002-06-25 | University Of Washington | Magnetically actuated fluid handling devices for microfluidic applications |
| US6823895B2 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2004-11-30 | The Board Of Regents Of The University And Community College System Of Nevada On Behalf Of The University Of Nevada | Magnetorheological fluid device |
| US6844802B2 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-18 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | Parallel core electromagnetic device |
| DE102004030523A1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-12 | Siemens Ag | Transport system for nanoparticles and method for its operation |
| US7204581B2 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2007-04-17 | Palo Alto Research Center, Incorporated | Magnetic actuator using ferrofluid slug |
| US20100229955A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-16 | Douglas Bell | Increasing Fluidity of a Flowing Fluid |
| US9008257B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2015-04-14 | Terrapower, Llc | Electromagnetic flow regulator, system and methods for regulating flow of an electrically conductive fluid |
| US8584692B2 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-11-19 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Electromagnetic flow regulator, system, and methods for regulating flow of an electrically conductive fluid |
| US8781056B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2014-07-15 | TerraPower, LLC. | Electromagnetic flow regulator, system, and methods for regulating flow of an electrically conductive fluid |
| US8453330B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 | 2013-06-04 | The Invention Science Fund I | Electromagnet flow regulator, system, and methods for regulating flow of an electrically conductive fluid |
| US8397760B2 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-03-19 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Electromagnetic flow regulator, system, and methods for regulating flow of an electrically conductive fluid |
| US10197335B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2019-02-05 | Apple Inc. | Inline melt control via RF power |
| US9873151B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2018-01-23 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Horizontal skull melt shot sleeve |
| CN110112888B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-01-26 | 江苏大学 | Magnetic fluid pump |
| CN114570919B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-11-29 | 上海交通大学 | Electromagnetic conveying device and method for metal melt |
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| US2834692A (en) * | 1957-03-28 | 1958-05-13 | Ajax Engineering Corp | Article metal coating |
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| AT301293B (en) * | 1970-03-19 | 1972-08-25 | Gebauer & Griller | Device for metallizing metal wire |
| US3626964A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1971-12-14 | Wheelabrator Corp | Regulating valve for magnetic materials |
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-
1989
- 1989-06-02 FR FR8907296A patent/FR2647874B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-05-24 IE IE187390A patent/IE80594B1/en unknown
- 1990-05-28 TN TNTNSN90072A patent/TNSN90072A1/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 SK SK2675-90A patent/SK278342B6/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 CZ CS902675A patent/CZ278312B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 YU YU105390A patent/YU47354B/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 ZA ZA904133A patent/ZA904133B/en unknown
- 1990-05-31 HU HU905222A patent/HU209017B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-31 AT AT90401466T patent/ATE98755T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-31 KR KR1019910701726A patent/KR100197183B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-31 DE DE69005208T patent/DE69005208T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-31 BR BR909007426A patent/BR9007426A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-31 JP JP2508409A patent/JP2835649B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-31 WO PCT/FR1990/000380 patent/WO1990015279A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-31 AU AU57427/90A patent/AU642883B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-05-31 DK DK90401466.9T patent/DK0404618T3/en active
- 1990-05-31 RU SU905010546A patent/RU2060427C1/en active
- 1990-05-31 CA CA002062730A patent/CA2062730C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-31 EP EP90401466A patent/EP0404618B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-31 US US07/776,369 patent/US5333646A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-31 ES ES90401466T patent/ES2050395T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-31 UA UA5010546A patent/UA19741A1/en unknown
- 1990-06-01 PT PT94235A patent/PT94235B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-01 PL PL28543390A patent/PL162378B1/en unknown
- 1990-06-01 DD DD90341223A patent/DD295035A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-01 MA MA22128A patent/MA21861A1/en unknown
- 1990-06-02 CN CN90103224A patent/CN1022344C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-02 EG EG32490A patent/EG19830A/en active
- 1990-06-20 TR TR90/0520A patent/TR24690A/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-11-29 NO NO914698A patent/NO172309C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-29 FI FI915648A patent/FI93766C/en active
- 1991-12-02 OA OA60104A patent/OA09406A/en unknown
- 1991-12-30 BG BG95711A patent/BG60277B2/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-06-30 LV LVP-93-812A patent/LV11056B/en unknown
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