IE64483B1 - Process for the preparation of a water-resistant fuel agglomerate - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of a water-resistant fuel agglomerateInfo
- Publication number
- IE64483B1 IE64483B1 IE206590A IE206590A IE64483B1 IE 64483 B1 IE64483 B1 IE 64483B1 IE 206590 A IE206590 A IE 206590A IE 206590 A IE206590 A IE 206590A IE 64483 B1 IE64483 B1 IE 64483B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- water
- organic binder
- weight
- fact
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Chemical class [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005625 siliconate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000534944 Thia Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
Process for the preparation of a water-resistant fuel agglomerate, characterized by the fact: - that there are employed a finely divided fuel material, an organic binder and an oxidizing agent, - that the oxidizing agent is mixed with either the fuel material, or the organic binder, or with one or other of these products or their mixture, - that the mixture so obtained is subjected to an agglomeration treatment, and - that the agglomerate obtained at the end of the agglomeration treatment is subjected to a stoving treatment.
Description
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A WATER-RESISTANT FUEL AGGLOMERATE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a water resistant fuel agglomerate. It is directed also to the composition of matter employed in this process.
By the term water-resistant in relation to fuel agglomerates is meant that the fuel agglomerates do not disaggregate in the presence of water, and that they substantially retain their mechanical strength after immersion in cold water.
By the expression fuel agglomerates, is meant any physical presentation of finely divided fuel materials which are easily handled and useful for domestic or industrial purposes. By way of example may be mentioned nuts, briquets and pellets.
The finally divided fuel materials concerned by the present invention may be any substance^ rich in carbon, like for example coal fines or dusts, wood fines, coal coke fines, fines of petroleum coke or a mixture of these products. These materials and in particular coal fines and dusts are produced in large amounts by modern methods of extraction and washing, particularly of coal.
Among the value-enhancing uses of these materials, may be mentioned more particularly their use in the form of fuel agglomerates.
Different techniques of agglomeration of these fines or dusts, generally employing additives or binders suitable for ensuring sufficient cohesion, have already been proposed.
Among these additives or binders, the most employed currently are tar from coal, from wood or from petroleum,, lignosulfonates, clays. polysaccharides among which In particular are starches and starch derivatives.
The most used of these binders Is Incontestably coal tar, but the exigencies as regards protection of the environment becoming more and more strict, lta use today shows a certain recession.
In fact, lta use makes lt necessary to submit the agglomerates so obtained to a heat treatment or fume reduction treatment in order to lower the concentration of phenolic compounds, Now this treatment results In a non negligible atmospheric pollution. Moreover, the fume reduction treatment not being complete, the combustion of these agglomerates** at the time of their use causes a release of smoke noxious to man.
These drawbacks have led certain countries to forbid their use.
The drawbacks Inherent In the use of tar reoccur during the use of bitumen as hinder.
To overcome these drawbacks, lt has been proposed to resort, as hinder, to lignosulfonates, In particular that of ammonium.
The scientific literature relating to the use of these products Is extremely abundant and there may be mentioned hy way of example patents SU 983.147, SU 1.010.146 and su 1.137.103, patents EP 0 097 486 and DE 3.277,395 or again patents DD 224.331 and US 4.666.522.
It happens that the technique of agglomeration with lignosulfonates is complex and its performance requires considerable mastery. In particular, lt Is necessary to dry the fines to a precise moisture content so that the lignosulfonates-fines mixture may (« to be agglomerated,an excess or a lack of moisture making this operation impossible.
On the other hand, in the heat treatment, to polymerise the llgnosulfonates and thus to confer on the agglomerates a good resistance to water, there is produced a disengagement of noxious fumes rich in sulfuric acid, a non negligible cause of atmospheric pollution.
It has been proposed to resolve this pollution problem by applying different arrangements to the installations concerned, and particularly by providing pmoke condensing devices. But such devices have only had the result of displacing the pollution problem to a corrosion problem vhich it is knovn to have been extremely difficult to control especially vhen it is a matter of treating condensates rich in sulfuric acid, even by employing . special steel as constituent material of the agglomeration installations» In any event and whatever the solutions envisaged, the drawbacks associated vith the use of llgnosulfonates make it a laborious technique.
Moreover, the agglomerates manufactured according to this technique shov the drawback of generating, during their combustion, sulfurous residues which are again found particularly in the smoke.
Processes have been proposed not showing the above mentioned drawbacks associated with pitch, with tar and with the llgnosulfonates, in which the hinders are replaced by clays particularly by bentonite (US 4.025.596 and DE 1.671.365). However, the agglomerates obtained according to these techniques do not all show the required physical properties; in particular, their mechanical strength is insufficient end their behaviour vith vater mediocre. Consequently these processes have not been developed In practice.
It has also been proposed to resort, as binder, to starch vhich, used alone or In a mixture vith other binders, as taught, for example* by patents US 3.726.652 end DE 3.227.395 or again patent EP 0 097 486, shows numerous advantages.
A comparative study on pelletisation done in 1982 at the University of Berkeley (thesis of K.V.S. SASTSY and D.H. FUERSTENAU), shoved that, vith respect to an asphalt emulsion, or to bentonite, starch led to better results on the scores: - of resistance to mechanical compression, - of abrasion resistance, - of lmpect resistance.
Moreover, starch may be used vithout limitation in industrial plants initially designed in the use of tar or bitumen vhich are the binders most used currently, its employment hence not requiring an additional Investment; in addition, maintenance of the plants is reduced.
Finally, combustion of agglomerates bound vith starch does not generate a toxic and/or polluting smoke.
However, and thia constitutes a major drawback, agglomerates based on starch, just as those based on bentonite, show a very distinct sensitivity to water, making their storage in the open air impossible.
It has been proposed, to overcome this drawback, to associate starch with tar, with asphalt or with bitumen or again to Ineolublllxe the starch with realna of the urea-formol, phenol-formol, melamineformol, ketone-formol type or their admixture.
None of the solutions Is satisfactory since all rest on the problem of release of toxic and polluting smoke during the combustion of the agglomerates so obtained.
It has also been proposed (see patent US 1.507.673), to render these fuel agglomerates based on carbohydrates water resistant, to Incorporate therein a strong acid In proportions which are not negligible, among which are in particular phosphoric acid,and to treat said agglomerates at a temperature comprised at a temperature comprised between 200 and 54O*C.
This solution is not satisfactory since; during the treatment, there remains, as for the lignosulfonatee, the problem of release of corrosive fumes. In addition, the handling of strong acid is always a delicate and hence constraining operation.
It has also been proposed to coat the agglomerates with a water-repellent sheet or film obtained by the application of an emulsified wax. Although original, such a solution is laborious through the amount of wax employed and the protection against moisture so conferred on the agglomerates may be altered if these agglomerates undergo, In the course of their transportation, Impacts resulting In a deterioration of the protective sheet.
It has lastly been proposed (see patent EP 89 400071) to prepare water resistant fuel agglomerates comprising, distributed within their constituent mass, on the one hand, a carbohydrate as binder and, on the other hand, an organoalllclc agent ae a water repellent agent.
Such agglomerates, although having suitable resistance to bad weather have the drawback of having a relatively fragile surface condition when they -are moist. Such sensitivity is manifested by a well known deterioration of their skin during their handling, thus generating dust in non negligible amount.
Consequently, none of the existing processes enable the production, under economically and ecologically acceptable conditions, of fuel agglomerates having simultaneously satisfactory mechanical properties and behaviour to water.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is accordingly an object of the invention to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a fuel agglomerate responding better than those pre-existing to the various exigencies or practice.
Applicants have had the merit of discovering that this objective was obtained by agglomerating a finely divided fuel material with an organic binder and an oxidizing agent and by subjecting the agglomerate thus obtained to stoving treatment.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a water-resistant fuel agglomerate, comprising: - selecting a finely divided fuel material and an organic binder, - mixing the said fuel material and the said organic binder with an oxidising agent, - subjecting the mixture so obtained to an agglomeration treatment, and - subjecting the agglomerate obtained at the end of the agglomeration treatment to a stoving treatment.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention, the organic binder is selected from the group comprising molasses, celluloses, hemiculluloses, flours, proteins, starches, derivatives of these products and their mixtures, starches and derivatives of starch being preferred.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention, the oxidizing agent ia a water-soluble oxidizing agent selected from the group comprising hypochlorides, perborates, persulfates, percarbonates, brom&tes, peroxides and their mixtures, persulfates being preferred, ammonium persulfate being particularly preferred.
It may he interesting to . associate with the action of these oxidizing agents that of duly selected metal ions recognized for their catalytic power with respect to oxidation reactions. May be mentioned by way of example, copper, zinc, iron and other bivalent metal ions.
When the organic binder entering into the process according to the Invention ia a starch or a starch derivative, by these terms are meant, • aa regards the starch, native starches of any origin, natural or hybrid starches derived, for example, from potato, manioc, corn,, waxy corn, maize with a high amylose content, wheat and granulometric fractions which may be made therefrom, barley and sorghum, - as regards the starch derivative, physically and/or chemically modified starches.
Advantageously, the organic binder is a native starch, possibly rendered soluble in cold vater by the physical treatment of cooking-extrusion and/or of gelatinizatlon on a drum.
With respect to the weights of finely divided fuel materials, there are employed In the process according to the Invention: - a proportion of 0,2 to 25% hy weight of organic hinder, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight and, more preferably still, from 2 to 7% hy weight, - a proportion of 0.01 to 10% hy weight of oxidizing agent, preferably from 0,025 to 5% by weight and, more preferably still, from 0,05 to 3% hy weight.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the process according to the invention, the water-soluble oxidizing agent may be added in powder form to the finely divided fuel material and/or to the organic binder and/or to the mixture of both.
According to another preferred embodiment, the oxidizing agent may be added in aqueous solution to the fuel material and/or to the mixture of said material and the organic binder.
According to the process relating to the invention, the agglomeration technique employed is selected from the group comprising pelletisation, pressure-compacting, extrusion and molding; these techniques are In themselves known and described in the patent EP 097 486.
In addition, still according to the ahovesald process, the agglomerate obtained at the end of the agglomeration treatment is subjected to a stoving treatment under temperature conditions generally comprised between about 150*C and 500’C, preferably, between 170’C and 300*C and, still more preferably, between 190’C and 250’C.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the process according the invention, at least one organoelliclc water-proofing agent is added to the finely divided fuel material, to the organic binder, to the oxidizing agent or their mixtures in order to llmite possible risks of taking up water again by capillarity of the fuel agglomerates obtained following the process according to the invention during their exposure to bad weather.
Preferably, the organosilic water-proofing agent is a compound whose structural unit is represented by the formula: R I - Si - 0 - (I) I »1 in which R and Rj, which may he identical or different from one another, are organic radicals, said compound being preferably selected froa the group comprising non-reactive silicone oils, silicone resins, reactive silicone oils, particularly hydroxyleted, alkylated, eryleted, hydroalky la ted, hydroarylated as well as mixtures of these products and the emulsions which may be prepared from these products.
Or again, compounds selected from the group of sillconates of the general formula: (II) In vhich - R2is a alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, - X Is an alkali or alkaline-earth metal and - Η 10, potassium slllconate being preferred.
The composition of matter employed In this advantageous embodiment of the process according to the Invention constitutes, vithin the scope of this particular application, a novel Industrial product under the same title as the fuel agglomerates so obtained.
According to another embodiment of the Invention, it is possible to Include vith the agglomerates other constituents like, for example, carbonates, quick or slaked lime, dolomite, alkaline silicates, clays, latex, borax, polyphosphates, phosphates, concentrated milk and/or vhey, cement, polyvinyl alcohols and thermo-setting resins. The proportion of these constituents may reach 15% by velght vith respect to the velght of finely divided materials; the granulometric distribution of these constituents must be preferably close to that of the finely material.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The Invention vill be better understood by means of the examples vhich follov and vhich relate to advantageous embodiments.
EXAMPLE 1 Mute based on charcoal dusts/Control Into a mixer, ere introduced, on one hand, 50 kg of coal dusts having a granulometry leas than 1 mm and, on the other hand, 3 kg of native wheat starch. This mixture is heated to 50* C and there is then Introduced therein 4.5 liters of water. The mixture so obtained is malaxated for a quarter of an hour with heating raising the temperature to 909 C; the final humidity measured by means of a moisture balance known under the name CENCO is then 8.5Z. The mixture is Λ agglomerated by pression-compactlng on a press of the SAHUT CONREUR type; among the parameters of the treatment, the temperature of the mixture, which at the time of agglomeration, la about 709 C, the pressure of adjustment of the presses is 16.7 105 N/m linear, the speed of the rolls of the press is 5 rpm and the power of the press is 6 kW.
In this manner coal nuts are obtained showing sufficient cohesion when freshly prepared to be able to withstand transportation.
The strength of these nuts, determined by means of a counterweight compresslometer developed by the SAHUT CONREUR Company, showed the following values: - freshly prepared ..... 294.3 N - after 24 hours drying at amblant temperature ..... 686.7 N - after atoving for one hour at 1009 C followed by atoving for one hour at 1309 C 1765.8 N These nuts are then immersed in cold water. It is observed that they disintegrate very rapidly. After some minutes, the agglomerate shows no cohesion.
These results illustrate the possibility, by using only a binder of the starch type, of producing agglomerates of coal dusts having good mechanical properties hut which do not withstand water.
EXAMPLE 2 Nuts of coal dusts according to the invention.
In a mixer, 50 kg of coal dust with characteristics identical with those of the dust of • < · Example 1 and 2.5 kg of native wheat starch were intimately mixed.
The mixture obtained was heated under kneading to a temperature of 509 C. Then 25 grams of ammonium persulfate diluted ln 2.5 liters of water were added. This mixture was kneaded for a quarter of an hour bringing the temperature of the mixture to 90* C; the final humidity was then 82. The alxture was then subjected to an agglomeration treatment by pressurecompacting under the same conditions as in Example 1.
In thia .way, coal dust nuts are obtained having sufficient cohesion when fresh to he able to undergo transportion. The latter are then subjected to stoving for a period of two hours at a temperature of 220* C.
The strength of these nuts,' measured as in Example 1, shows the following values: - when fresh ..... 200 N - after stoving for two hours at 220* C ..... 1300 N These nuts are then Immersed ln cold water. No disagregation was observed even after several hours of Immersion.
The mechanical strength of the nuts remained unchanged after their dwell in water and no degradation of their surface condition was observed during their handling after immersion.
This example shows that the addition of 5X of native starch and 0.05X of ammonium persulfate hy dry weight with respect to the weight of fuel dust, enables agglomerates to be obtained satisfying the requirements of the technique from the point of view of mechanical strength and behaviour to water.
EXAMPLE 3 Coal dust nuts according to the invention.
To a mixture of coal dust and starch identical with that of Example 2 and this under the same conditions, 50 g of eodium perborate was added. Then the mixture was subjected to the same treatment ae the mixture of Example 2. The final humidity of the mixture was identical with that of Example 2.
In this way coal dust fines were obtained having sufficient cohesion when fresh to undergo transportion. These nuts were then subjected to stoving for two hours at a temperature of 220C.
The strength of these nuts, measured as in Example 1, showed the following values: - vhen fresh ....350 N - after stoving for two hours at 220*C ....1100 N.
These nuts were then immersed in cold water. No dlsagregation was observed even after several months* immersion.
Their mechanical strength remained unchanged after their dwell in water and after simple drainage.
No degradation of their surface condition vas observed.
This exanple shovs that the addition of 52 of native starch and 0.12 of sodiuo perborate by dry velght vith respect to the velght of fuel dust enables agglomerates to be obtained satisfying the requirements of the technique both from the point of vlev of mechanical strength and behaviour to vater. EXAMPLE 4 Coal dust nuts according to the invention To a mixture of coal dust, starch and ammonium persulfate identical vith that of Example 2 vere added * 100 g of vater-proofing agent of the RHODORSIL SILICONATE 51 Ϊ type (potassium slllconate marketed by RHONE-POULENC vith about 492 of dry matter).
The mixture vas subjected to the same treatments as the mixture of Example 2. In this vay nuts of coal diust vere obtained having a sufficient cohesion vhen fresh to undergo transportion. These nuts vere then subjected to stoving for tvo hours at a temperature of 230· C.
The strength of these nuts, measured es in Example 1, had the follovlng values: - vhen fresh .... 200 N - after stoving for tvo hours at 230· C .... 1400 N.
These nuts vere then immersed in cold vater for . one hour. After this dvell, their take-up of vater again vas only 1.62.
The mechanical strength of the nuts remained unchanged after their dvell In vater and no degradation of their surface condition vas observed during their handling after immersion.
* Trademark Thia example shows that the addition of 5% of native starch and 0.05% of ammonium persulfate and of 0.1% of potassium alllconate by dry weight with respect to the weight of fuel dust enabled agglomerates to he obtained satisfying the requirements of the technology from the point of view of mechanical strength and behaviour to water, and enabled also the retake-up of water of these agglomerates to he considerably limited when the latter ia undesirable.
Claims (5)
1.* 1. Process for the preparation of a water-resistant fuel agglomerate, comprising: n - selecting a finely divided fuel material and an 5 organic binder, - mixing the said fuel material and the said organic binder with an oxidising agent, - subjecting the mixture so obtained to an agglomeration treatment, and 10 “ subjecting the agglomerate obtained at the end of the agglomeration treatment to a stoving treatment.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact the the organic binder is selected from the group 15 consisting of molasses, celluloses, hemicelluloses, flours, proteins, starches, derivatives of these products and their mixtures.
3. Process according to claim 2, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of starches 20 and derivatives of starch. *
4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxidizing agent is a water soluble oxidizing agent selected from the group comprising hydrochlorides, perborates, persulfates, percarbonates, bromates, peroxides and their mixtures. » t I 5. Process according to clain 4, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected fron the group consisting of persulfates. 6. Process according to clain 5, wherein the oxidizing 5 agent is ammonium persulfate. 7. Process according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the agglomeration technique used is selected from the group comprising pelletization, pressure-compacting, extrusion and molding. 10 8. Process according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the temperature conditions inherent in the stoving treatment are comprised between 150’C and 500*C. 9. Process according to claim 8, wherein the 15 temperature conditions in the stoving treatment are comprised between 170*C and 300*C. 10. Process according to claim 9, wherein the temperature conditions in the stoving treatment are comprised between 190*C and 250*C. 20 ii. Process according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that the organic binder is a native starch possibly rendered soluble in cold water by physical treatment of cooking-extrusion and/or of gelatinization on a drum. 12. Process according to one of claims 1 to ll, characterized by the fact that with respect to the weight of finely divided fuel material, there are employed: - a proportion of 0.2 to 25% by weight of organic binder, - a proportion of 0.01 to 10% by weight of oxidizing agent. 13. Process according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that, with respect to the weight of finely divided fuel material, there are employed: - a proportion of 1 to 15% by weight of organic binder, - a proportion of 0.025 to 5% by weight of oxidizing agent. 14. Process according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that, with respect to the weight of finely divided fuel material, there are employed: - a proportion of 2 to 7% by weight of organic binder. - a proportion of 0.05 to 3% by weight of oxidizing agent. 15. Process according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the fact that at least one organosilicic 5 water-proofing agent is added to the finely divided fuel material, to the organic binder, to the oxidizing agent or to the mixture. 16. Process according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that the organosilicic water-proofing agent is a
5. 18· A water-resistant fuel agglomerate, whenever prepared by a process claimed in a preceding claim.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8907679A FR2648146B1 (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1989-06-09 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF WATER-RESISTANT FUEL AGGLOMERATOR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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IE902065L IE902065L (en) | 1990-12-09 |
IE64483B1 true IE64483B1 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
Family
ID=9382575
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IE206590A IE64483B1 (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1990-06-08 | Process for the preparation of a water-resistant fuel agglomerate |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPH0368690A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910001005A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1047883A (en) |
BE (1) | BE1006759A3 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2018475A1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH680797A5 (en) |
DD (1) | DD294968A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4018439A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2020149A6 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2648146B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2234257B (en) |
HU (1) | HU213316B (en) |
IE (1) | IE64483B1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1248712B (en) |
NL (1) | NL9001305A (en) |
PL (1) | PL164532B1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA904452B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1003712A6 (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1992-05-26 | Crofbriar Holdings Ltd | Method for manufacturing fuel briquettes. |
FR2688791B1 (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1995-06-16 | Roquette Freres | BINDING COMPOSITION FOR THE PREPARATION OF A NEW AGGLOMERATE BASED ON FINELY DIVIDED MATERIALS, PROCESS USING THIS COMPOSITION AND NEW AGGLOMERATE OBTAINED. |
LU90577B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2001-11-06 | Roland Pierre Bouillart | Method for manufacturing an artificial log |
DE102007014173A1 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-25 | Rheinbraun Brennstoff Gmbh | Grillbrikett |
JP2015513593A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-05-14 | コリア インスティテュート オブ エナジー リサーチKorea Institute Of Energy Research | High calorific value hybrid coal coated with biomass-derived carbon component, high-concentration hybrid coal slurry, and production method thereof |
KR101642317B1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-07-25 | 대상 주식회사 | Manufacturing method of water repellent starch |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR20670E (en) * | 1919-01-17 | Fernand Bertin | New process and new formula allowing to agglomerate debris or pieces, small or fine powders, of cork, sawdust, vegetable coals, and mainly, and in general, mineral coals of all kinds, to convert them into briquettes, balls , ovoids, pastilles or any other form of agglomerates, without the aid of pitch, and giving, on combustion, neither odor nor smoke | |
US3304161A (en) * | 1964-12-28 | 1967-02-14 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Spontaneously combustible charcoal briquette |
FR1498324A (en) * | 1965-11-17 | 1967-10-20 | Mobil Oil Corp | Combustible mixtures |
US3726652A (en) * | 1970-11-20 | 1973-04-10 | Mobil Oil Corp | Solid fuel covered with a combustible fibrous composition |
BE788782A (en) * | 1971-09-15 | 1973-03-13 | Fmc Corp | COOKING RAW AGGLOMERES IN AIR |
DE2330887A1 (en) * | 1973-06-16 | 1975-01-09 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | USE OF ALKYL / ARYL-ALCOXY POLYSILOXANES FOR IMPRAEGNATION |
US4106996A (en) * | 1974-09-14 | 1978-08-15 | Werner Wenzel | Method of improving the mechanical resistance of coke |
DE2627479C2 (en) * | 1976-06-18 | 1983-09-22 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen | Use of a molded coke as an adsorbent for sulfur oxides from exhaust gases |
JPS5859290A (en) * | 1981-10-06 | 1983-04-08 | Internatl Monopori Assoc:Kk | Preparation of water-resistant briquet |
GB2189806B (en) * | 1985-10-26 | 1990-05-09 | Inrad Limited | Agglomerated solid fuel briquettes and improved briquetting process |
DE3641999A1 (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1988-06-16 | Heribert Dipl Ing Hessling | Bituminous coal briquette and a process for producing the bituminous coal briquettes |
-
1989
- 1989-06-09 FR FR8907679A patent/FR2648146B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-06-07 CA CA002018475A patent/CA2018475A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-08 CH CH1934/90A patent/CH680797A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-08 IE IE206590A patent/IE64483B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-08 DD DD90341466A patent/DD294968A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-08 IT IT02059390A patent/IT1248712B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-08 PL PL90285549A patent/PL164532B1/en unknown
- 1990-06-08 DE DE4018439A patent/DE4018439A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-08 ES ES9001588A patent/ES2020149A6/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-08 ZA ZA904452A patent/ZA904452B/en unknown
- 1990-06-08 BE BE9000573A patent/BE1006759A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-08 HU HU903772A patent/HU213316B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-08 GB GB9012837A patent/GB2234257B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-08 NL NL9001305A patent/NL9001305A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-08 CN CN90104197A patent/CN1047883A/en active Pending
- 1990-06-09 KR KR1019900008477A patent/KR910001005A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-06-11 JP JP2150098A patent/JPH0368690A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU903772D0 (en) | 1990-11-28 |
CH680797A5 (en) | 1992-11-13 |
CA2018475A1 (en) | 1990-12-09 |
HUT53930A (en) | 1990-12-28 |
ZA904452B (en) | 1991-08-28 |
ES2020149A6 (en) | 1991-07-16 |
PL164532B1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
BE1006759A3 (en) | 1994-12-06 |
DE4018439A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
FR2648146A1 (en) | 1990-12-14 |
IT9020593A0 (en) | 1990-06-08 |
JPH0368690A (en) | 1991-03-25 |
NL9001305A (en) | 1991-01-02 |
IT1248712B (en) | 1995-01-26 |
PL285549A1 (en) | 1991-01-28 |
KR910001005A (en) | 1991-01-30 |
IE902065L (en) | 1990-12-09 |
IT9020593A1 (en) | 1991-12-08 |
CN1047883A (en) | 1990-12-19 |
GB2234257A (en) | 1991-01-30 |
GB9012837D0 (en) | 1990-08-01 |
FR2648146B1 (en) | 1994-02-11 |
DD294968A5 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
HU213316B (en) | 1997-05-28 |
GB2234257B (en) | 1993-08-04 |
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