HU209121B - Method and additive to sprayed matter for preventing corking disease of apple - Google Patents

Abstract

The spray additive comprises (w/w%) 30 mineral illinium, 30 white peat, min 30 kaoline, 3 montmorillonite and min 30 zeolite. The powder size is pref. below 30 microns.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a spray additive for preventing apple parchment.

The development of large-scale apple production in Hungary can be expected from the development of the large-scale apple production area in Szabolcs-Szombathely in the 1950s. From this point on, large-scale apples became one of the important export articles of the Hungarian economy. Our main commercial apple varieties in Szabolcs and the rest of the country are as follows:

- Jonathan and his clones,

- Starking and its clones,

- Golden Delicious,

- Other new varieties (Gloucester, Idared, Mutsu, Jona Gold, etc.).

Of the three cultivated apples, Starking and its clones are the most important in terms of export, but Jonathan and Golden are far ahead in terms of yield and quantity, under Hungarian natural conditions.

For this reason, large-scale farms produce primarily Jonathan and its clones and the Golden Delicious. The co-cultivation of the two main varieties is all the more appropriate because one of the stamens of Jonathan is Golden.

One of the most significant aesthetic and market quality factors affecting Jonathan, and especially Golden apple varieties, is the so-called. "Scab". Sputum is a discontinuous or patchy lesion on the surface of the developing fruit, which is manifested by a change in the skin, developmental defects, and in some cases, deformation and rupture of the fruit. Generally, the development of undesirable surface lesions, from the point of view of the development of the fruit, occurs between the stage of the red bud and the development of the wax layer. The Golden breeds but ^also: premature stage is often the case.

Weathering, spraying disruptions, the effects of certain pesticides, and inequalities in nutrient and water supply are commonly referred to as causes of soiling. The most important of these is the weather factor. Moisture deposited on the surface of the developing plant, or falling rain, acts as a liquid, sunlight lens, or sunlight liquid surface. As a result of the lens effect, the surface of the fruit is damaged, with spot-like, mesh or stripe-like or contiguous deformations. On these surfaces there are disturbances in the surface development and cell proliferation of the fruit. The phenomenon of sputum is essentially caused by these differences in surface cell proliferation. These defects are of such a magnitude that they significantly reduce the aesthetic and market value of the fruit.

As described above, one of the critical factors of large-scale apple production and sales in Hungary is to prevent, significantly reduce or, as far as possible, exclude the ripening of developing fruit.

Various attempts have been made to solve the above problems, but attempts to date have not yielded 100% results. One such method is to avoid the use of pesticides and sprays that cause soaking. Alternatively, spraying for plant protection purposes is carried out at a time when spraying on the surface of the developing fruit is less likely to cause rotting.

However, there are significant difficulties in applying these methods under large-scale operating conditions. It is not possible to completely avoid pesticides, and it is difficult to achieve optimum spraying periods due to mechanization, labor utilization and large plantations.

Based on the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide an agent which, in the form of a spray, is capable of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the adverse effect of soiling. In addition to this main object of the invention, it is a further object of the spray agent to be developed to meet the following usage and environmental requirements.

1. Mix with other spraying agents, do not degrade their effects and do not initiate crop-growing, plant-physiologically harmful reactions with other agents.

2. Higher plant, animal and human life, even in concentrated state, should not have a detrimental effect on life and health.

3. Disperse easily and well in water, do not cause clogging in spraying systems as a sprayer, and your aqueous solution should be free from adverse health effects!

4. Storage in dry conditions does not require special storage conditions and can be stored for several years!

5. To prevent sooting, the amount to be applied to the vegetation should not exceed the amount technically easily and economically applied by spraying!

6. The components of the sprayer should preferably be made of natural materials!

7. Natural materials should be produced from domestic sources and at the domestic technological level! The object of the present invention has been achieved by the expedient preparation of well dispersible, high dispersible rocks containing weathering minerals which are known in the domestic areas, are under mining and have reassuring mineral resource reserves. The minerals of the rocks, from the aspect of apple grubbing, came from the group of biogenic SiO ₂ , aluminum hydrosilicate clay minerals and zeolitic minerals also considered as aluminum hydrosilicates and devitrified volcanic glasses. Through our research and development work, it has been discovered that particulate mineral powders containing up to 90 microns but preferably less than 30 microns containing such minerals are suitable for the prevention and control of apple blotting described above. The object of the present invention is to form a powder having a particle size of up to 90 microns from clay minerals, highly dispersed biogenic SiO ₂ , and zeolite minerals and volcanic glass.

20 Disperses easily and well, gives a difficult to settle suspension and, when sprayed, reaches the surface of the developing fruit, causing permanent cloudiness in the spray, dew and raindrops. Together with this and other useful properties, it protects the surface of the developing fruit from rotting.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and a spray additive for preventing apple parchment.

The spray additive according to the present invention comprises at least 30% by weight of illumination, at least 30% by weight of silica (diatomaceous earth, i.e. high silica silica sediment), at least 30% by weight of kaolinite, at least 30% by weight of montmorillonite and at least 30% by weight of natural zeolite. natural rock containing one particle of powder less than or equal to 90 microns, preferably less than 30 microns in size.

According to the process of the invention, the rock powder of the above composition alone or in an aqueous suspension of at least 0.3 wt.%, Preferably 0.5 wt.%, Is sprayed at least 6 times during the period between petal depletion and waxy formation of the fruit. 5 kg per hectare of fruit to be protected.

Aqueous suspensions of the spray additive of the present invention may also be prepared by suspending the additive in solution or dispersion of another pesticide.

The spray additive of the present invention is prepared according to the following technological scheme:

Rocks containing natural, biogenic SiO ₂ , clay minerals, zeolitic minerals and volcanic glass are mined or co-mined or extracted at the crude outbreaks. The resulting material was crude homogenized. Drying of the homogenized product is max. 500 ° C.

The resulting material is dry or wet milled to such an extent that its particle size is 90% below 100 microns and over 30 microns more than 50%.

In the case of milled matter or wet technology, the resulting suspensions must be mixed in such a proportion that the concentration of diatomaceous earth (diatomaceous earth) is about 30% and that of the illite or kaolinite or montmorillonite or zeolite 30%. It is important that devitrified volcanic glass and other crystalline components such as quartz, feldspar, etc. and do not exceed 40%. The resulting product (ground meal) is dried and then packaged.

The present invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

Example 1

The starting material for the initial spraying agent is the following chemical composition:

SiO ₂ 86.20% A1 ₂ O ₃ 3.62% Fe ₂ O ₃ 1.45% MgO 0.37% CaO 1.85% Na ₂ O 0.34% Izz. losers. 6.10%

The natural biogenic sediment, diatomaceous earth, containing 60% diatomaceous earth, corresponding to the above chemical composition, is dried at 500 ° C and then milled to an extent of less than 60% of the particle fraction below 30 microns. The resulting mineral powder is made into a 0.5% suspension and sprayed six times, on average every 6 to 7 days, after petal death, from early May to mid June.

In the meantime, conventional or average fungicides and insecticides corresponding to the spray rate are used according to the spray schedule (Rubigan, Dithane, Agro, Miltox, Sonax, Efuzin, Dimecron, etc.). With this spray treatment of the Golden Delicious and Jonathan varieties, the following results were obtained for fruit trees with a spacing of 7.5 x 4.5 m:

Quality Control% Experiment% Export "AA" 0.6 8.0 Export "A" 25.0 77.0 domestic 44.7 13.3 Industrial 29.7 1.0 Altogether: 100.0 100.0

According to the above experimental use, the diatom frame (diatomaceous earth) -based mineral sprayer yielded significantly higher apple yields under similar soil, climate and fertilization conditions. Exports of 'AA' and 'A' quality and domestic, industrial quality are almost inversely controlled.

Example 2

The chemical composition of the mineral material for the production of the sprayer is as follows:

SiO ₂ 68.12% A1 ₂ O ₃ 18.16 Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.92% MgO 1.01% CaO 0.35% Na ₂ O 0.10% K ₂ O 5.57% Izz. losers. 3.81%

The clay pellet, which has an illite content of 30% by weight, is dried at 500 ° C and then milled to a particle size fraction of less than 30 microns to 50% and no particles above 100 microns. The resulting mineral powder is made up into a 0.5% suspension and six times, on average every 6 to 7 days, beginning with the death of the pet, usually from early May to mid June.

HU 209 121 Β, used alone or mixed with other spraying agents to prevent apple pickling in Golden Delicious and Jonathan varieties.

Experimental spraying in 1986, as described in the previous embodiment, for fruit tree stands resulted in:

Export "AA" quality apples 10.3%

Expor grade A apples 77.0%

Domestic quality apples 9.7%

Industrial quality apple 3.0

As a control, the stock shown in the previous embodiment was also used here, where the "AA" + "A" quality combined, only 25.6%.

Example 3

In this case, the chemical composition of the spraying material is as follows:

Sio ₂ 73.63% A1 ₂ O ₃ 11.52% Fe ₂ O ₃ 1.21% CaO 1.22% Na ₂ O 0.71% K ₂ O 0.65% Izz. losers. 3.62%

The petrochemical base material corresponding to the zeolite rhyolite tuff contains clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolite in 30%. The raw rock is crushed into lumps of 6-20 cm in diameter. It is dried at 500 ° C so that its moisture content is below 15% by weight. The resultant dried material is crushed and then finely ground by wet or dry methods, such that the screen residue above 100 microns does not exceed 5% and the fraction fraction below 50 microns is at least 50%. The resulting mineral powder is made into a 0.5% suspension and applied six times, on average every 6 to 7 days, from the beginning of May to the beginning of July, to prevent apple sprouting as a spray. It can also be used in combination with other pesticides in the spray rate.

In 1986 we achieved the following results for Golden Delicious and Jonathan varieties with a spacing of 7.5 x 4.7 m:

Export "AA" quality apples 8.7% Export Apples of 'A' quality 59.3% Domestic quality apples 23.7% Industrial quality apples 8.3% As a control in this case too previous embodiments species and described herd. Example 4 The starting material is the following quality non- we used messy clay: SiO ₂ 42.01% A1 ₂ O ₃ 30.21% Fe ₂ O ₃ 3.22% MgO 0.10% CaO 0.39% Na ₂ O 0.36% K ₂ O 0.38% Izz. losers. 12.66%

The noble clay of the above chemical composition containing at least 40% by weight of kaolinite mineral is dried at 500 ° C so that its moisture content does not exceed 15% by weight. The dried material is ground by dry preparation to a particle size range below 50 microns and no more than 5% above 100 microns. The mineral powder thus obtained is sprayed on the fruiting stock of the previous embodiments according to the developed spraying schedule containing other pesticides, on average 6 to 7 days, from early May to the end of June.

The results obtained in 1986 are as follows:

Export "AA" quality apples 12.3%

Export A quality apple 65.7%

Domestic quality apples 17.3%

Industrial quality apple 4.7%

In this case, the control also includes the fruiting stock shown in the previous examples and its yield.

Example 5

The minerals of the preceding embodiments, when separately prepared, are ground to form a mixture which adds to the minerals of the preceding embodiments useful in preventing apple pomegranate. The mixing ratio is as follows:

Dwarf Mineral Powder 30%

Illite Mineral Powder 65%

Zeolite Mineral Powder 5%

Using this blend, as in the previous example, the amount of export grade "AA" and "A" reaches 90%. The beneficial properties of mineral powders with respect to sooting are added, and due to the natural sorption of the zeolite minerals and the higher crude binding capacity of the illuminate.

The advantages of the present invention, while providing significantly greater protection against sooting than has been achieved to date, can be summarized as follows:

1. Can be mixed with any spraying agent.

2. Coherent with higher living organisms, even in concentrated form.

3.Disperses easily and well in water and can be easily applied by spraying equipment in circulation and use.

4. Can be stored indefinitely in dry condition and separately from other chemicals.

5. The preferred spray concentration should not exceed 0.5% by weight.

6. It shall consist exclusively of natural substances and naturally minerals which are compatible with plant, animal and human organisms. Unnatural, foreign chemicals were used in the production of the spray.

Claims (2)

PATIENT INDIVIDUAL POINTS 1. A spraying additive to prevent apple rusting, comprising at least 30% by weight of at least 30% by weight of diatomaceous earth (diatomaceous earth), at least 30% by weight of kaolin, at least 30% by weight of montmorillonite and at least one of at least 30% by weight of zeolite. It consists of a powder having a particle size of 90 microns, preferably below 30 microns. 2. A method for preventing apple peeling, comprising the additive as claimed in claim 1, alone or in the form of a spray at least 0.3 wt%, preferably 0.5 wt%, in spray form 4-7 times, the petal fall and the fruit. In the period between the formation of the wax layer and the intense cell division, we deliver 5 kg per hectare of fruit to be protected.