HU206072B - Complex fertilizer containing nirogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorous and potassium - Google Patents

Abstract

Multifunctional, phosphate and potassium salts contg. artificial fertilisers are free from nitrogen cpds. but contain nitrogen fixing bacteria for the supply of nitrogen to soils. A special non symbiotic strain of azotobacter used is viable between -20 and +40 deg.C, multiplies well in nutrients at pH 4.5-9 and withstands desiccation well.

Description

(57) EXTRAS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The fertilizer of the present invention is a complex fertilizer whose nitrogen supply base is preferably an Azotobacter sp. tribe. The bacterial strain is a non-symbiotic, nitrogen-binding soil bacterium that maintains its viability at -20 to +40 ° C, multiplies well in pH 4.5-9.0, and tolerates dehydration well. The phosphorus and potassium content of the fertilizer can be varied according to the growth conditions of the bacterial strain according to plant nutrition requirements. With the fertilizer of the present invention, the nutrient requirement of the plants can be economically met by single application since it does not contain water soluble nitrogen compounds and is therefore environmentally friendly.

Scope of the description: 4 pages

HU 206 072 B

HU 206 072 Β

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a complex fertilizer containing nitrogen-binding bacteria containing phosphorus and potassium.

Suitable fields of application of the fertilizer according to the invention are agricultural holdings

As is well known, nutrients extracted from the soil must be returned to the soil in order to be economically cultivated, while also meeting environmental requirements. In the present state of the art, high yields are achieved primarily by the use of fertilizers.

One of the characteristics of a significant group of fertilizers, complex fertilizers, is the specific nutrient ratio. This particular ratio of nutrients is often considered a disadvantage. The nutrient content of soils, the nutrient requirements of plants vary, and changing factors such as nitrogen leaching from the soil, use of phosphorus and potassium as autumn basic fertilizer, application of nitrogen as a pre-sowing or head fertilizer, require the use of simple fertilizers. . See Almássy, Máté, Zádor: Fertilizers, Technical Publisher, 1977.

At the present state of the art, the formulations of complex fertilizers are quite expensive or have certain disadvantages. For example, a fertilizer dose which optimally provides the nutrient requirement of the plant in question for at least two years cannot be delivered simultaneously without polluting the environment and using no additional fertilizers.

In our experiments, we have come to the realization that the use of a cheaper, environmentally friendly complex bacterial fertilizer that suits the soil type and the needs of the plant, and which can provide several years of effect, can eliminate the above disadvantages.

As far as we know, there is currently no type of nitrogen fertilizer that, once applied, will continuously supply the crop with sufficient nitrogen for the entire vegetation without significant leaching of NO _{3 from} the soil or NO ₃ content of plants intended for children's nutrition (spinach, etc.). within the legal limits. Therefore, we have been looking for a continuous nitrogen supply base and have linked it to specific phosphorus, potassium and calcium formulations to take advantage of complex fertilizers.

It is an essential element of the present invention that the continuous nitrogen supply base of the complex fertilizer is an Azotobacter sp. strain, the N ₂ fixation of which has been investigated by many authors alone. Ex. Plant and Soil 79, 61-67 (1984).

The bacterial strain of choice is non-pathogenic, non-facultative pathogen, and does not form endogenous spores. It tolerates dehydration well because it forms a microcyst, maintains its viability at -20 to +40 ° C, and multiplies well in pH 4.5-9.0 medium.

The bacterial strain is a nitrogen-binding, non-symbiotic soil bacterium. It incorporates airborne elemental nitrogen (N ₂ ) into its organic compounds, resulting in biosynthetic nitrogen-containing compounds formed during subsequent and parallel decomposition processes, e.g. Compounds containing NH3 radicals serve as a nitrogen source for higher plants.

The bacterial strain is cultured in shake culture by opening the ampoules containing the lyophilized strain, slurrying it in sterile water or dilute NaCl solution, for example. Add to Ashby's medium and shake in Erlenmeyer flasks at 28 ° C for 48-72 hours to obtain a suspension of ΙΟ ^{7 to} 10 ⁹ cells / ml.

According to our method, when the bacterial strain is added at the appropriate point in the manufacturing process, a minimum of 10 db / g of fertilizer is added to provide a complex N, P, K, Ca supply fertilizer that does not contain N in either nitrate, ammonia or amide form.

According to one possible method of producing the complex bacterial fertilizer according to the invention, the so-called "bacterial fertilizer" is used. The granules containing the phosphorus and potassium compounds prepared by the cold granulation process are finally coated with a limestone powder ("powdered") and the liquid (fermentation broth) or solid bacterial composition is uniformly added to these granules.

In another embodiment of the invention, the bacterial strain composition is added to a fertilizer component, preferably limestone powder (conditioning agent), to effect the treatment of the fertilizer particles.

In any embodiment, the bacterial strain may be introduced into the process if the temperature of the production process is no longer than 40 ° C.

The amount and proportion of the phosphorus and potassium active ingredients in the complex bacterial fertilizer are determined partly by plant nutrition and partly by the growth conditions of the bacterial strain.

The beneficial effects of nitrogen-binding, phosphorous- and potassium-containing complex bacterial fertilizers on the soil and on the plant are illustrated in the following application examples:

1. Sugar beet

a) Control Operating dose N, P, K to 40.0 t / ha yield

b) Treated 500 kg / ha complex bacterial fertilizer

Treatment Soil Plant crop NO5 mg / kg Sum. bact. Azotobacter% N% t / ha Sugar % the) 26.42 - 2.9 32.1 14.7 b) 7.2 50 3.3 40.5 14.5

2. Sunflower

a) Control Working dose N, P, K for 2.4 t / ha yield N: 80 kg / ha, P2O5: 80 kg / ha, K2O: 80 kg / ha

b) Treated 400 kg / ha complex bacterial fertilizer N: P ₂ O ₅ : 40 kg / ha, K ₂ O: 96 kg / ha

HU 206 072 Β

Treatment Soil Plant crop NO3 mg / kg Sum. bact. Azotobacter% N% t / ha It takes oil. % the) 14.72 4 4.8 2.55 43.8 b) 3.7 39 5.0 2.53 47.0

3. Corn

a) Control Working dose N, P, K to 8.0 t / ha yield N: 176 kg / ha, P2O5: 72 kg / ha, K ₂ 0: 176 kg / ha

b) Treated 500 kg / ha complex bacterial fertilizer N: P2O5: 50 kg / ha, K ₂ O: 120 kg / ha

Treatment Soil Plant crop NO3 mg / kg Sum. bact. Azotobacter% N% t / ha the) 13.0 - 3.8 6.40 b) 3.8 30 4.0 7.04

4. Ed

Plant NOjt- NO3 PPm Soil Azotobacter 1000 db / g control 610 * 720 Treated 300 kg / ha 179 3157 Treated 450 kg / ha 181 3750

* Above 600 ppm is unsuitable for children

The present invention has the following advantages of a complex bacterial fertilizer:

- by varying the application rate, the nutrient requirements of any plant can be met during the growing season without the need for additional fertilizers,

- reduction of transport, storage and application costs due to single application,

- increases the microbial life of the soil,

- environmentally friendly, because its regular use reduces the concentration of water soluble nitrogen compounds in the soil.

The bacterial fertilizer of the present invention is illustrated by the following embodiments:

Example 1

560 g of '18% P ₂ O ₅ powdered superphosphate and 400 g of 60% K ₂ O KCl are weighed into a batch granulation plate or drum and the mixture is pelleted by rotation. If necessary, we encourage the formation of granules by spraying with water. When the granules have formed, 30 g of limestone powder is added, which uniformly covers the granules. Finally, 10 ml, 10 ⁷ db / ml fermentation broth is sprayed onto the particles. The composition of the fertilizer thus obtained:

P ₂ O ₅ : 10% P ₂ O ₅

K ₂ 0: 24% K ₂ O germ number: 10 ⁵ db / g

Example 2

10 to ⁷ db / ml fermentation broth was sprayed on limestone powder in a 3: 1 weight ratio and then gently dried for spreadability. The fertilizer particles of Example 1 were powdered with 40 g of bacterial limestone powder. The composition of the obtained fertilizer is essentially the same as that described in Example 1.

Claims (2)

PATIENT INDIVIDUAL POINTS 1. Nitrogen-binding, phosphorus, potassium and calcium-containing complex fertilizer, characterized in that it contains P, K and Ca nutrient inorganic compounds as well as Azotobacter bacterial strains in amounts of 10 to 10 ⁵ / g fertilizer. Priority: 15.1.1986 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the Azotobacter strain comprises Azotobacter chroococcum [NCAIM B (P) 001079], which may be both a fermentation broth (liquid) and a dried (solid) form. First: 21.12.1988