HU192845B - Method for producing humats particularly for satisfying the mineral matter requirements of plants respectively animals and for increasing the yields - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing hunts, in particular plants or plants. animals to meet mineral needs and increase yields, in which powder or minced coal or coal is used. minced meadow is mixed with water and minerals, preferably micro- and macro-elements, are added to the mixture. The essence of the invention is that the powder is either powdered or ground, or in the form of a powder. , the nitric salts are preferably added to urea or paste, and finally, before or after mixing the minerals J, the concentrated human 1 is separated from the residual carbon. w_ 192845 -1-

Description

The present invention relates to a process for the production of humates, in particular plants and plants. to satisfy the mineral requirements of the animals and to increase yields, the process comprising powdered minced coal and minced stepping stones are mixed with water and minerals, preferably micro-macronutrients, are added to the mixture.

It is well known that living organisms, humans, animals and plants alike need minerals that you can, for example. human or animal nutrition or, in the case of deficiency, medically delivered to the body. The animal is mixed with the premix of the desired composition in the feed, while in crop production the soil is fertilized or fertilized. by spraying the plant with the necessary nutrients.

The soil-improving effects of humates have long been known. No. 84,015 No. 1. Hungarian patent specification, e.g. discloses a process for the manufacture of fertilizers in which humate is exposed to gaseous halogen (Cl, Br, J and FI) and thereby absorbs or imparts organic constituents to the humate. solubility is increased.

A similar soil improvement composition is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 151,300, No. 1. Hungarian Patent Specification No. 4,197, which uses a soil-improvement mixture in which, among the additives necessary or advantageous for the cultivation of plants, humus substances are used in thousands of fields and, for the purpose of soil improvement, plastics, e.g. in combination with linear polymers and crosslinked polymers. As a humic material, this solution uses thousands of peat for example.

These solutions seek to improve the delivery of the necessary materials to the plant through soil improvement.

It is also known to provide the elements necessary for animal nutrition in the form of inorganic or organic salts or chelates. These solutions have a number of disadvantages, in particular that the uptake of batteries is poor and metabolism can be disturbed.

This situation has been improved by the use of raw peat containing humic acid to introduce mineral elements into the body of animals. Such a procedure is described in HU-PS 158 252. According to this method, the mineral element content of natural humic acids is artificially supplemented with additional mineral elements necessary for the animals, at least 0.8% by weight, preferably 2-12% by weight of potassium, sodium, magnesium, manganese (II), iron (II). II;), cobalt (II;), zinc, copper (II.), Calcium, iodide, fluoride and phosphate ions, which can be used to form polydispersed compositions in which the minerals are animal are biologically beneficial. The disadvantage of this process is that it uses a substance containing humic acid in flour which, in addition to humic acid, contains many bees, organic and inorganic, including more than 80% waste material, thus also introducing substances of uncontrolled quality which the beneficial effect is weakened or impaired.

It is known that selenium is only available to the animal body in a natural or inorganic form. Plants for animal feed do not contain enough selenium. Only a fraction, or 50%, of conventionally administered feed is absorbed during digestion. The importance of wind supplementation in meat, milk and egg production is increasingly recognized. Not only because a sufficient supply of selenium can prevent and even cure diseases, but also because it is able to catalyze the implementation of amino acid conversion in the ella. It is known that the animal body does not produce cysteine, but with the help of selenium..the methionine is converted into cysteine in the body. Therefore, selenium is indirectly used for higher production, better fertility and healthier offspring. In practice, the addition of an antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline) also aims to help better utilization of selenium in the body.

The process provides a safe dose of selenium in a humic acid composition. This is important not only for production but also because of the amount of selenium added and the extent of absorption, since 3-5 ppm Se is already toxic.

It is also known that unwanted minerals, such as those in the body, are released into the body. the effects of lead, cadmium, tellurium, mercury, tin or adverse effects of more than necessary zinc, cobalt, copper, such as capillary permeability, anemia, muscle dystrophy, loss of appetite, loss of production, and finally, loss of wind. eliminated. The world market price of selenium is relatively high compared to other minerals, and therefore the efficiency of absorbed quantities is economically indifferent.

It is known that in humid soils, humic acids impede the uptake of micro-nutrients through the root into the plant organism, therefore, the delivery of micro-nutrients must be ensured by other means. The good supply of microelements to plants is so important that in practice it is always necessary to supplement the soil microelement supply, but in such a way that the plants can utilize it.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and economical process for the production of harmful substances and slags with a controlled composition for accurate administration to animals and plants for the intake of minerals.

The present invention is based on the discovery that a method can be used in which the humic acid content of humic acid-containing materials can be extracted by simple means without the need for ingestion of excess ballast material. The process of the present invention can utilize micronutrients accurately and therefore economically, and feed selenium continuously in feed without risk of toxicity, thereby counteracting the effects of excessive mineralization of certain mineral elements or the combined adverse effects of several elements. It is further recognized that by similar ballast-poor processes and complex micronutrient fertilization, selenium can also be introduced into plants, and accurate dosing also contributes to the combined effect of micronutrients.

The object of the present invention is to provide powdered or milled carbon or carbon. granulated alkali is added to the ground marsh soil, the mixture is stored as needed and the active ingredients are dissolved immediately before use. The process of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the embodiments.

EXAMPLE 1 3 kg of particulate potassium hydroxide are mixed with kg of powder. The resulting "dry premix is kept in a plastic bag so that it does not get moisture from the outside until the time of use. This can take a couple of years. When the time of use is reached, stir vigorously with 200 L of tap water for 90 minutes until the pH is 12-13. Thereafter, a nitrogen source containing 4000 g of N dissolved in 100 l of tap water, preferably urea or a replacement salt, is a source of 2600 g of P, suitably monocalcium phosphate and 3300 g of K, a potassium hydrogen phosphate is added to the mixture. is set to 7.4-7.8. Allow to settle for 20 minutes and then decant to remove the suspension from the carbon, NPK. The following mineral elements are then added: 100,000 mg Fe (II), 80,000 mg Mn (II), 80,000 mg Zn, 20,000 mg CuII), 200 mg Se, 200 mg Co and 400 mg Mg their salts form. They were added separately in 100 L of tap water and stirred for 2 hours while adjusting to pH 5-6 and then allowed to settle for at least 2 hours.

The 45% upper pale yellow translucent sol portion is then peeled off and stored in a plastic container or used immediately for spraying plant leaves. Dilution 0 to 10 times, depending on the sensitivity of the plant, from 0.05 to 0.1% wetting agent. It can be used mainly for spraying fine droplets of ornamental plants, during threshing, flowering, binding, for better resistance, for a bright, healthy foliage. For increasing the yield of arable crops (eg maize), unheated 60 l / ha or 3-5 times with tap water, diluted with running water (eg beans). It is advisable to repeat the treatment after 10 days. A total of 1.4-7 hectare twice can be obtained. The remaining 55% of the gelatinous dark brown 10% solids in the mixing vessel was dried and minced at temperatures below 65 ° C. This mineral premix canon (part of the premix of the diet) can be used, 1 kg of preparation is mixed into 100 kg of compound feed for dairy cows. The above preparation serves to supplement a 20 q feed premix. The residual carbon deposited is used in a 1:40 mixture with soil to improve soil structure. This preparation is a soil-improving additive.

Example 2

According to the process, a spraying agent is prepared. In a volume of 1 liter, 0.150 g of dried, simmom-ground marsh soil containing the appropriate humic acid is mixed with 8.5 g of NaOH. The resulting sodium humate is treated with a fertilizer containing 10 g of N, 6.5 g of P and 10 g of K, and finally 150 mg of Mn (II), 200 mg of Zn, 40 mg of Fe (II), 100 mg of B, 25 mg of Cu (II). ), 0.5 mg of Se, 0.5 mg of Co (in the form of their salts). Stirring is continued for 4 hours. After settling for at least 2 hours, the dilute mixture is separated from the sediment and filtered. For good adhesion, 0.5 g of wetting agent is added. The liquid preparation is diluted 5x with water and is used for spraying sugar beet. It is suitable for a single spraying of 300 m 'of beet. Spraying is good in the second half of July. It is advantageous to repeat the spray after 10 days.

Example 3

The process provides a spray. 7500 g of finely ground brown coal containing 30-40% humic acid and 375 g of KOH are mixed in 100 liters. The mixture lasts for 2 hours. The carbon residue is then separated from the dilute mixture to which is added 75 g of N in the form of ammonium nitrate, 75 g of P and 112.5 g of K in the form of superphosphate and potassium salt. After stirring for 1 hour, a solution of 10 g B, 15 Mn (II), 20 g Zn, 4 g Cu-36 (II), 8 g Fe (II), 50 mg Se and 30 rag Co water is added. The coal residue is used for briquetting or directly for heating.

Example 4

For the composition of the mineral premix in the milk of dairy cows, 100 kg of feed are mixed with 1 kg of preraix containing the mineral elements listed below in the form of gelled per kg of humic acid.

Mn 4000 mg Zn 4000 mg Fe 5000 mg Cu 1000 mg Neither 10 mg Co 10 mg mg 20,000 mg

Additional minerals are added to the premix in the conventional manner (in flour, etc.) per 100 kg of feed as follows:

ca 480 g (18-26 with 1 milk yield cows) P 340 g (18-26 1 yield cows) K 800 g So 440 g cl 260 g mg 180 g I 50 III g / kg feed

Example 5

Composition of mineral preraixes in poultry eggs for broiler parent stock. For 100 kg feed, mix 1% of the premix containing the mineral elements listed below in chelated form.

Mn 6000 mg Zn 5000 mg Fe 4000 mg Cu 1200 mg Mo 20 mg Neither 15 mg mg 20,000 mg

The above mineral elements form the mineral premix in a humate per kg of humic acid. Furthermore, minerals, expressed as a percentage of the feed, are conventionally expressed e.g. in bran flour or other carriers, as follows:

ca 3000 P 670 So 120 cl 140 K 600

Mg 180 g

I 0.44 mg / kg feed

The following experiences have been used in applying the process of the invention:

In many cases, the crop yielding powder produced by the process of the present invention increased the yield of the crop sprayed with it to a much larger extent in the following year, since its use was economical considering the modest cost of production of the product. In the following year, however, yield growth was less than expected, but we observed that dosing errors were made, not only by farm workers but also by experts at the plant protection center. Less active ingredients were applied to the vegetation, thus reducing the effect proportionally. In order to prove this, we started a laboratory experiment to determine how the yield-increasing effect of spray material is related to plant life processes, what amounts and dilutions cause activity, and what causes damage to the treated plant and how this changes in the ultrasound structure of the plant. Corn green plants (Zea maya L, MySC 1394) and bean green plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L) were sprayed in a film house and tomato and pepper green plants in a natural field environment with the leaf spray material prepared in Example 2 and the sol portion prepared in Example 1.

The test methods are as follows:

1.) Measurement of photosynthetic 14 CO »incorporation of isolated corn and bean segments after 1 hour treatment.

2.) Electron microscopic examination of chloroplast ultrasound.

3.) Determination of chlorophyll content.

4.) Measurement of the incorporation of carbon-14 labeled amino acids into leaf protein.

The indications are as follows:

G-Hi = plant sprayed with a thousandth sol of Example 1

G-Ha - Spray-sprayed plant of Example 2

G-Ha 2X = plant sprayed with the dilution of leaf spray according to Example 2 K = Control (un sprayed plant). Results: (summary).

1.) Effect of the test substance on the photosynthesis of the above plants after 24 hours of treatment.

Signs: Corn Beans

G-Hi 129.0 73.0

Hi-G 43.0 84.0 G-Hj 2X 130.0 110.0 K 100.0 100.0

2.) Effect of the test substance on the chloroplasmosis ultrastructure of the above plants.

In G-Ha 2X maize, the number of photosynthetic membranes increased and larger and wider granules were formed, while the peripheral reticulum developed better than in the control. G-Ha caused drastic ultramicroscopic lesions: the plastids were swollen, rounded, and the thylakoids expanded. Examining the process, the lesions begin at the extreme thylakoids of the granules and the thylakoids of the stroma and then extend to the inner thylakoids of the granules, leading to the disruption of the orientation and orientation of the entire photosynthetic membrane system. In G-Hj, similar results are seen as in G-Hi 2X, but the changes in activity (increase in volume and extent of thylakoids) were less pronounced, and in some cases the stroma increased.

In beans: Similar changes as in maize, but the only expansion of the stroma thylakoids and, in some cases, the granum thylakoids, is the reduction of the stromal base. The number of osmophilic plastic globules is above average (control).

3.) Effect of the test substance on the chlorophyll content.

Signal- Kooky- Bean Pepper PaBek: ca (foot) (foot) radish

Hi-G 118 106 G-H 95 88 G-Hj 2x 130 137 138 124.5 K 100 100 100 100 4.) Effect of the test substance amino acid 14c incorporation into proteins. signals Maize Puppet Hi-G 101.0 110.0 Hi-G 46.0 50.0 G-Ha 2x 86.5 80.0 K 100 100

Summarizing the results of the studies, a conclusion that can be applied to practice can be drawn. The essence of this is: The process produces thousands of leaf spray m ^J -cone

Spray 2 to 10 ml of stock solution on the leaves of the plant at a dilution of 3 to 25 times. Quantity and dilution vary by plant species, and the method of preparation also allows for an effective increase in volume and concentration.

Experiments have shown that the process of the present invention eliminates the otherwise general potency enhancement of yield enhancers, or allows for effective yield enhancement adapted to the plant without the risk of damage to the plant.

The invention is not limited to the solutions described in the embodiments, but encompasses all the solutions protected by the claims, in particular the main pivot point.

Claims (13)

PATENT CLAIMS A process for the production of humates, in particular plants and plants. to satisfy the mineral requirements of the animals and to increase yields, in the course of which powdered or milled coal or minced marsh soil is mixed with water and minerals, preferably micro, field and macronutrients, are added to the mixture. granulated alkali is added to the ground marsh soil, the mixture is stored as needed and the active ingredients are dissolved immediately before use. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein nitrogen salts, preferably urea or petroleum salts, are added to the solution and the concentrated humate is separated from the remaining carbon before or after the mineral elements are mixed. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that selenium, preferably sodium selenite, is added to the mixture as a trace element. 4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coal or the marshy ground powder is ground to a fine grain. 5. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 8 to 11 wt.%, preferably 9 wt. 6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixture of carbon and alkali is dissolved in water with a mass of 9 to 11, preferably 10 to 10, by weight of the mixture. 7. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a nitrogen salt and a composition containing feed phosphorus, preferably monoammonium phosphate or monocalcium / phosphate, are added to adjust the pH of the mixture of carbon and alkali to pH 7 to 8. The process of claim 7, wherein the gelatinous portion of the separated humate is selected and dried at a temperature of less than 65 ° C. -510 9. A process according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the aol portion of the isolated hum is selected and diluted. 10. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a phosphorus-containing fertilizer composition is mixed to adjust the pH of the mixture of carbon and alkali to 7 to 8. 11. A process according to claim 10, wherein the sol and / or gel portion of the separated humate is selected and diluted. 12. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein after mixing the minerals, the concentrated humate is separated from the remaining carbon. 13. A 1-11. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concentrated humate is separated from the residual carbon before the mineral elements are mixed.