HU192163B - Method for mechanic milking animals particularly cattles and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a stimulation process without compressed air, which can be used in all milking installations. The process is suitable, in particular, for two-chamber teat cups in the constant or variable pulsation milking process with or without phase shifting. In this process, the alternating compressed air stimulation is replaced by a frequency stimulation differing from the milking pulsation rate, while in contrast to other milking processes, milk is withdrawn immediately and thus the milking time is shortened. The associated control device is suitable for any membrane pulsator. The pulsator is essentially unchanged and only a timer and a switching valve are provided upstream. …<IMAGE>…

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing milking pullets to stimulate the udder by providing two-space milking cows in stand-up milking and suckler milking systems for animals, particularly cattle.

A variety of udder stimulation milking procedures are known. In most milking procedures, stimulation is performed at the start of milking. The oldest procedure is hand-made udder massage. Transmission of electrical stimulation and vibration via fluid has already been suggested. Compressed air massages according to the known German Patent No. 41,037 could not be more widely spread internationally because of the high construction and energy costs. During its many years of application, udder injuries were also found at high pressure differentials. The udder massage is followed by the milk extraction, while the compressed air stimulation from the beginning, little milk is removed during the suction stroke. In the case of tubing milking machines, an alternative milking method has been introduced, whereby stimulation is performed cyclically and milking is performed. Thus, according to the known German Patent No. 41,037, the stimulation is distributed over the entire milking period so that the milking device can be placed on the udder at any time, while the cows receive the necessary udder stimulation irrespective of the beginning of milking. The process is centrally controlled and is therefore only applicable to a small number of cows, since at larger pressures at 50 kPa, the line cannot be charged and discharged so rapidly during the transition to and from atmospheric pressure that pulsators exhibit different pulse curves during the transition phase.

This deficiency has been remedied by German Patent No. 150,837, where each milking unit is equipped with such a control unit and thus consumes significantly less compressed air. Nonetheless, the cost of purchasing and energy is very high, which is in the way of its widespread introduction. Compressed air delays switching of the pulsator and therefore slows down. It also reduces the suction phase so that less milk is taken out than in the milking cycle.

It is also known from German Patent Publication No. 1,956,196 to obtain residual milk with a lower vacuum and significantly lower heart rate. The procedure is ubiquitous but costly. This requires two vacuum lines with different pressures, two pulsators, a milk flow indicator and the respective vacuum switching device. Since this device is controlled by the flow of milk, it is also suitable for stimulation. Milking is done with less vacuum at a smaller milk flow and with a higher milk flow at a higher vacuum. Each component group has been developed and modified by further inventions, for example, according to German Patent No. 2,524,397. However, the massage is too small and therefore not worth the expense. Although, on the other hand, the effects of high pulse rates on milk extraction have already been studied, 50-60 double strokes per minute have proved to be optimal, since higher stroke rates result in increased post-milking and manual labor.

German patent specification No. 157,069 also discloses a method for starting milking! provide. Here, the starting point is that for calves placed in the udder before the actual start of milk extraction, the stimulation phase of 40-90 seconds, while milk extraction is greatly limited, is necessary to ensure the cow's full milking ability (state of milking). During this stimulation phase, the pulse rate is increased by at least 50 percent relative to the subsequent main milking phase, and at the same time, the heart rate in the heartbeat of the milking cup decreases. By reducing the pulse vacuum calculated using a special formula, it is desired to prevent the teat from opening during the stimulation phase so that no milk or no milk comes out of the teat to maintain the 3-5 kPa pressure in the udder. At the same time, the unstimulated, flaccid Chechen is intended to prevent the milking cup from slipping prematurely.

The slider pulsator for carrying out the latter process consists of a known actuator, which alternately presses one of the two membrane-containing boxes and then the other chamber into a vacuum so that the connecting rod moves the slider and directs the milking vacuum. During stimulation, a reduced vacuum is created in the interstitial space of the milking cups. After the stimulation time has elapsed, the diaphragm valve is actuated by blocking the control air and creating a full vacuum in the intermediate spaces of the nipple. During stimulation, the number of strokes is higher because the pressure equalization between the outer chambers of the two membrane-containing boxes is achieved with less flow resistance. When the jumper wire, which is controlled by the timer, is closed, the pressure equalization occurs with a strong throttle. The pulsator will run slower. So the pulse atoms even need a timer, a diaphragm valve, a control channel with a photo valve to control the diaphragm switch valve, a reduction in the stimulation vacuum, a milking rate, and a throttle in the bypass line to create a greater stimulus rate. Throttle valves are contaminated to varying degrees and can cause confusion.

The prior art German Patent Publication No. 1,965,196 and German Patent Publication No. 157,069 apply only to special stages of machine milking and are unsuitable for general milking because of purposeful reduction of milking intensity or to prevent milk extraction.

Apart from this, the principle that it is important to reduce milk production to a minimum of 90 seconds after loading the milking cup is, in any case, controversial. It is customary to prepare the udder in the form of pre-milking and udder cleaning and placement of the milking cups until the actual milk extraction begins. 30

192,163sec. These workflows are also triggering stimulation stimuli which, together with sufficient stimulation during milking, allow milk to be removed immediately after the milking cows are placed.

This has been clearly demonstrated by the many years of successful use of the known stimulation method according to the known German Patent No. 41,037 and the recent implementation of the known German Patent Application No. 150,837.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a milking process which requires little technical effort and further shortens the milking time.

The essence of the technical task, therefore, is to find a milking process which does not require compressed air, requires only a simple control technology for diaphragm pulsers, and its components are lightweight, portable and generally incorporated in all milking machines.

According to the invention, the object is solved by periodically reducing the pulsation frequency to zero during the milking period, alternating with the normal milking frequency, or at least doubling the milk frequency during the milking phase to at least twice the milking frequency. At 25 percent and in the milking phase, we open it almost completely.

In contrast to this, only all milk is removed during the compression phase during stimulation, and all milk is removed during the suction phase. 120-225 double strokes per minute are preferred. Of course, it is also possible to reduce the stroke rate cyclically or to turn off the pulsator briefly while all the milking cans are in the suction phase. During the stimulation phase, irregular changes in stroke times and stroke rate also exert additional stimulus on the baby.

We have realized that pacing alternation, not consistent pacing, is what counts. Changing the stroke rate can also be combined with alternating pulling of the udder, for example, in collaboration with a post milking device.

The object of the present invention is solved by the device mentioned in the introduction, the pulse output of which is connected to a control chamber of a pneumatic switch valve, the auxiliary working chamber of which is connected in a controlled manner to the control signals of the pulsator working chamber.

In a further embodiment, the throttle is omitted from the throttle valve and instead the two throttle valves in the pneumatic switch valve are arranged such that the larger cross-sectional throttle valve has a higher stroke rate and the smaller cross-sectional front throttle valve deflects.

It is also possible for different sizes of throttle valves to be inserted into each pipe through the junction of the connecting line to the pulsator chambers, and one of the two throttle valves is always on.

This solution allows the use of existing diaphragm pulsers, whether they are continuous or alternating, with or without phase shift, without any significant change, since the puncture switch valve is an additional component of the pulsator and the stroke transmitter, which is hose or electric. is connected to a switch valve. The central as well as the separate stroke transmitter or the separate switch valve or the group arrangement switch valve may be used. If you use electric temps, you can change the timing sequence better over time.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. In the drawing, Figure 1 is a time-frequency diagram with a cyclical increment of the beat number;

Figure 2 is a time-frequency diagram for cyclically switching off the pulsator;

Figure 3 is a time-frequency diagram with different clock times and different clock numbers;

Figure 4 is a combined time-frequency-tensile force diagram;

Figure 5 is a control diagram of a centrally controlled milking machine equipped with a single-stroke pulsator;

Figure 6 is a schematic of a control with an alternating stroke pulsator with a spatially integrated switching valve;

Figure 7 is a schematic of the control of Figure 5 or 6, but with another possible design of the auxiliary working chamber;

Fig. 8 is a switching of the stroke transmitter with the exchanged pressure;

Figure 9 is an electrically operated control valve; Fig. 10 is a pneumatic coupling with a series connection of the throttle valves;

all. Fig. 4A is the same circuit de with switching amplifier;

Figure 12 below. Fig. 6a shows the large throttle being reduced by the needle in the transition;

Figure 13 is a further embodiment of the needle; Figure 14 shows electromagnetic actuation; and Fig. 15 is a diaphragm control valve for switching to a larger or smaller throttle valve.

As shown in FIG. 5, the stepper 1 is connected via a wire 2 to a vacuum line 3. The atmospheric air is conveyed through a pipe 4 to a stroke 1. It has a single stroke pulsator design and has a diaphragm 5, a valve lift lever 6, a valve 7 and valve seats 8 and 9. The chamber 10 between the housing and the diaphragm 5 is vented through a line 11 and a throttle 13 connected to the alternating pressure chamber 12 and refilled with atmospheric pressure. The chamber 12 is connected via a control line 14 to a control valve 15 having a diaphragm 16 and a valve seat 17 in the housing. Depending on the pressure prevailing in the chamber 18, the valve 17 is open or closed. With this control valve 15, the auxiliary working chamber 19 is connected to the working chamber 21 of the equal stroke pulsator 20, the desire being on3

192 163 switched on. If connected, larger amounts of air should be aspirated and charged through the throttle 22. The pulsator is in normal operation. When the auxiliary working chambers 21 are disconnected, the working chambers of the pulsators are filled faster and the pulsator operates faster.

Fig. 6 illustrates coupling using a phase shift alternating diaphragm pulsator. The wire 14 from the timer 1, similarly to that of FIG. 5, establishes a connection with the control valve 15 which is connected to the pulsator 23. Because of the phase shift of the pulsator 23, the suction phase is longer than the suction phase, so the higher frequency has a positive effect on the movement of the chewing gum. When open, the baby rubber vibrates. It sucks milk and due to the massaging effect of the vibrating rubber, the cup is stimulated to release milk. This phase is followed by the normal head phase.

There is no need to explain the operation of the pulsator as there is no difference in structure and operation except for the frequency change. It is very advantageous that all pneumatic pulsators can be used for the new stimulation procedure with little effort.

In Figure 7, the control valve 15 is replaced by a cylinder 24 with a freely movable piston 25. Depending on the pressure in the control line 14, the piston 25 rises or lowers, so that either an auxiliary working chamber 26 is formed, or it is separated from the working chamber of the pulsator 20 or 23 through the valve seat 27.

If a disturbance occurs in the pulsator 1 or is not connected, the pulsator operates at a higher frequency, since the atmospheric pressure is constantly maintained in the control chamber 18 and the auxiliary working chamber 19 is permanently disconnected from the pulsator. This disturbance can be prevented as shown in Fig. 8, by reversing the pressure conditions and the control times in the I transmitter.

The control valve 28 is configured such that air 29 in the control chamber 18 is kept open by the air in the control chamber 18 when the valve 29 is not closed or in the event of a malfunction, and the pulsator operates normally.

Figure 9 illustrates a variant with electrical pilot control of the control valve. For example, if the timer is electrically operated, the output signal can be applied to an electromagnet 30 so that it opens or closes valve 31. In this case, the pulsator operates slower or faster, depending on whether the auxiliary working chamber 19 is connected to or separated from the pulsator.

The advantage of this solution is that the switching cycle for different frequencies can be changed more easily than with pneumatic temps.

In addition to the variants described, further embodiments are provided. For example, in Fig. 7, the control valve could be provided with a variable auxiliary working diaphragm by limiting the piston 25 in its stroke through a spindle. This allows infinitely adjustable pulsator stroke rate. By means of a displacement screw with a larger diameter than the conventional design control valve, the space of the auxiliary work chambers can be infinitely varied and the pulse rate can be adjusted accordingly.

A further variant is the electrical design of the stroke transmitter, so that it can also be provided with an adjustable stroke sequence. Other times can also be achieved pneumatically.

The following solution variants allow you to increase the stroke rate at almost the same remaining volume, which can reduce the use of the pulse tomato from the vacuum.

As shown in FIG. 10, a switch valve 32 is connected to the working chamber 21, illustrated here as a pulsator 20, for simplicity, having a second diaphragm 34 having a larger cross-section than the throttle valve 34 having a smaller cross-section than the throttle valve 34. within the switching region, wherein the second throttle 36 is engaged in the control channel 31. Thus, if the throttle 34 is in the position shown, only the throttle 34 is engaged in the control channel 31. The pulsator operates quickly. When the diaphragm 33 is displaced by the actuator 1 by means of a stroke, spring and pressure differential towards the pulsator, the throttle 34 with a smaller cross-section acts on the throttle 36 with a larger cross-section. Serial switching of the two throttle valves increases the transient resistance. The pulsator operates slower. The chamber 35 has no switching function, but is only present structurally.

The il. Fig. 6A illustrates an option whereby the coupling force can be increased by transmitting the coupling force to the diaphragm 33 through the rod 38 through the rod 38.

Figure 12 illustrates a variant of replacing the smaller throttle 34 (Fig. 10) with the aid of a needle 39 arranged in a larger throttle 36. In this embodiment, the needle 39 is continuously guided in the throttle valve 36 by an extension 40. If the thicker portion of the needle 39 enters the throttle 36, this corresponds to the transition of the smaller throttle 34.

Figure 13 illustrates the needle 39 in simplified form so that the extension 40 is missing,

Figure 14 illustrates the operation of an electromagnet switch 41 as an operation of a throttle switch.

Figure 15 is based on a slightly modified principle. Here, the valve disk 42 engages the valve seats 43, 44, or the throttle 45 or 46, by unlocking the channels 47 or 48, which are connected to the channel 31 (FIG. 10).

The throttle valves 45, 46 have different cross-sections so that two different heart rates can be generated.

The diagram in Figure 1 is based on the simplest alternative stimulation. In this case, for example, the pneumatic switch or the electric switch valve are pressed with the stroke device every 5 seconds.

192,163, the auxiliary volume is switched off, so that a higher stroke rate, determined by the constant throttle and the working volume in the pulsator, is set. If the control valve is switched through the stroke transmitter, additional volume must be aspirated at the same throttle cross-section so that the stroke rate is reduced for the milking pulse. This diagram is illustrated in Figs. 10-14. 1 to 8 may be implemented. In the case of serial and parallel switching, the flow time is changed here by reducing the flow cross-section.

The control diagram of Figure 2 is technically feasible according to German Patent No. 139,986. Instead of the vacuum connection at the valve, where the valve is integrated in the channel between the alternating pressure chamber and the stabilization chamber, this connection is connected to the atmosphere and the control function of the valve is taken over by the timer. With the cyclical air resistance of the stabilization chamber, all four milking cages during this period have a vacuum and the pulsator does not work.

Claims (15)

CLAIMS 1. A method of producing two pullets for milking in animals, particularly cattle in milking parlors and suckler milking units, wherein a pulsatile frequency is provided to stimulate the udder, the pulse rate alternating with the normal milking frequency during each milking period. during the milking phase, it is reduced to zero, or at least doubled in relation to the milking frequency, while the infant is opened at about 25% at the increased frequency and almost completely opened during the milking phase. (Els. 07/07/1982) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the stimulation phases different pulse rates are used and / or during the period the stimulation is shifted temporally. (Els. 07/07/1982) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulsation frequency is controlled as a function of time or milk flow, and is periodically changed. (Els. 07/07/1982) 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising, in addition to changing the frequency, stimuli of a constant or periodic nature, such as pulling on the udder. (Els. 07/07/1982) 5. carrying device Method according to claim 1, having a stimulation by pacing Phase are operable pulzációszámmal under fejőpulzusszám or above penumatic pulsator, characterized in that ⁵ te is connected (14) a pneumatic switching valve (15) control chamber (18) impulzuskimene, the auxiliary working chamber (19) of which is connected in a controlled manner to the pulsator working chamber (21) by an input control signal. (Els. 28.12.1982) ¹⁰ Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the stroke transmitter (1) is formed by a pneumatic or electrically controlled valve. (Els. December 28, 1982) 7. Device according to claim 6, is characterized comprises using ¹⁵ to the clock generator (1) is arranged in the pulsators central or individual as the control unit. (Els. December 28, 1982) 8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control line has a pneumatic switch valve (15) open at a vacuum ² θ. (Els. December 28, 1982) 9. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the prevailing atmospheric pressure open control line ²⁵ pneu matic switching valve (28). (Els. December 28, 1982) Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that two throttle valves (34, 36) of different cross-sections are arranged in the control channel (31) of the pulsator ^{30 in a} single or serial connection. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that a diaphragm (33) and a spring are arranged as a coupling element, a throttle valve (34) of smaller cross-section is connected to the diaphragm (33) and a throttle valve (36) of larger cross section in the control channel. (31) is fixed. (Els. 4/4/1983) 12. The apparatus of claim 11 is characterized ⁴⁰ comprises using as the lower surface of the membrane is connected to a higher switching amplifier as surface membrane (37) (5). (Els. 4/4/1983) Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the smaller throttle valve (34) It is formed as a needle (39) connected to 45 diaphragms (5), which can be temporarily introduced even into the larger throttle valve (36). (Els. 4/4/1983) Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the larger throttle valve (36) 50 or an electromagnet disposed to slide the needle (39). (Els. 4/4/1983) Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the throttle valves (45, 46) of different cross-sections are alternated with a connecting membrane. It has 55 controlled valves (42). (Els. 4/4/1983)