HU186132B - Terrace-coffered sewege cleaner and process for cleaning of sewers - Google Patents

Abstract

Terraced-casketed sewage treating system for the simultaneous or separate purification of sewages of different origin, such as snifted sewage, dung water, etc., said purification being based on natural biological decomposition. The system itself is characterized in that it consists of caskets (3, 4) connected in series, the majority of which being lined - at least partially - with peat (12) and optionally lined on the bottom with a compacted material, furtheron the system is provided with aerating wheels (5) arranged in the water stream between the single caskets promoting the introduction of oxygen needed for purification, said system being further optionally equipped with scum-traps placed in the caskets (3, 4) and with slowly operating filters (6) for the removal of floating matters.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a terrace-cassette sewage treatment plant and to a process for the purification of wastewater, sludge, slurry, slurry of various origins based on natural biodegradation, consisting of several cassettes of varying size and water depth.

The literature discloses several wastewater treatment methods based on natural biodegradation. Many of the methods known in the literature have already been used in practice.

Biodegradation procedures are described, among other things, in the 1973 book "Biological sewage treatment systems". Reference is made in the literature to the fact that e.g. there are currently more than 3,000 such lake stabilization systems in the US and 500 in Canada.

The literature also deals with the dimensioning of such a lake system. We find instruction in the sizing of the oxidation lake in the 1968 work of F. Meinck, H. Stooff, H. Kohlschütter, "Indrustrie-Abwasser", Stuttgart. Further details can be found in Bohdan Koziorowski's 1980 work "S cie ki przemystowe" in Warsaw, which focuses on industrial wastewater treatment and its problems.

There are several quotations from Goyna E.F., Preul H.C., and Hills D.J. in the technical book, including the following statements;

“According to East German data, the investment cost of stabilization ponds is 20-25% of that of a conventional colony. Its cleaning efficiency reaches and even exceeds that of conventional colonies. In the GDR, a three-pond system purifies 500 mgBO (j) l of wastewater with an 80-95% BOD efficiency throughout the year. The first lake is anaerobic, the second is aerated, the third is a filter lake. ”“ Goyna says most infectious bacteria are killed in biological ponds. Suggests that some lakes be created with different oxygen conditions. Studies on ten biological lakes have shown that nutrient permeability is highly dependent on soil. The farthest traces from the lakes are approx. They were 60 meters away. ”“ In New Zealand, an anaerobic lake has been shown to have an infiltration rate of approx. 1% of the amount of wastewater introduced. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wastewater treatment technology and a technology-implementing system that has virtually zero energy consumption, less land use than currently used natural decomposition processes, and purification. it has a higher efficiency and enables the combined treatment of wastewater of different origins.

The technology of the present invention is substantially similar to the stabilization pond purification processes, but the major difference is the multiple formation of smaller ponds or cassettes according to the present invention, and the combination of terrestrial aeration to increase the amount of oxygen dissolving across the surface. . At the same time, this allows reducing the size of the area used and thus further increasing the cleaning efficiency.

The object of the present invention is achieved by a terrace-cassette water purification system having a series of interconnected cassettes connected in series, most of them at least partially peat-lined, sometimes on the lower part with a compacted material; it also has sludge traps and slow filters to remove floating parts.

In a preferred embodiment of the water purification system of the present invention, the system has a total area of at least five smaller, successively spaced aerobic 0.3 to 1.2 m water depths of 1.0 to 2.5 m water depth. it has at least one anaerobic lake-type cartridge at a depth of 2-6 m.

In a preferred embodiment of the water purification system according to the invention, the cassettes are arranged in a terrace-like manner to facilitate air supply.

A further preferred embodiment of the water purification system according to the invention also comprises at least one aeration wheel driven by the energy of the water to be purified.

A further preferred embodiment of the water purification system of the present invention also comprises a sludge trap at a depth of up to 10 to 30 cm per cassette, which enters the water to be cleaned and binds the sludge formed during purification.

To achieve the object of the present invention is a process for carrying out a waste water purification in a water purification system according to the invention. In the process of the invention, coarse-grained sand is used as a slow filter to remove water-floating organisms, especially algae, followed by zeolite post-filtration to reduce the concentration of each substance, as desired.

In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the reduction, selection, adsorption of certain substances and stabilization of the sludge are carried out using a peat lining at a thickness of 5 to 20 cm per cartridge.

In a further preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, a compacted liner having a thickness of 30 to 40 cm per cartridge is used in the case of sub soil sensitive to external contamination.

A preferred embodiment of the water purification system of the present invention and a preferred embodiment of the method used in the system will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a terrace-cassette water purification system according to the invention, a

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the water purification system of Figure 1, a

Figure 3 shows the connection of two adjacent terraced cassettes of the water purification system of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the aeration wheel used in the water purification system of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a plan view of the aeration wheel of Figure 4.

Figure 1 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of a water purification system according to the invention. At one end of the water treatment plant, there is a drainage station 2, in which waste water is essentially discharged. Next to the unloading station there is a container 1 which, in the container 1, places substantially "dead" sludge discharged from the cartridges during cleaning of the cartridges, which is mixed with peat for agricultural use. The waste water collected at the discharge station 2 is discharged to the cassettes 3, which are connected in series with each other and formed from the ground. Larger cassettes 4 are also connected in series to the cassettes 3, and then a filter 6 is connected to the latter cassette 4 at the end of the water treatment plant. ...... ....

The entire water treatment plant is surrounded by 7 rainwater drainage ditches. The oxygen supply for cleaning is increased by the aerator 5 provided in the water stream per terrace. In cassettes 3 and 4, at least 10 to 30 cm depths are provided for debris traps (not shown) for entering the water to be cleaned or for capturing sludge from cleaning.

The arrows indicate the direction of movement of the water to be purified or purified.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the water treatment plant of Figure 1. This illustrates the terrestrial arrangement of the cassettes 3 and 4 and further illustrates that the depth of water of each cassette 3 and 4 also varies.

The cassettes 3 and 4 are separated by a locking dam 8. The wastewater collected at the discharge station 2 first passes through the smaller cassettes 3 where significant contamination occurs, then into the larger cassettes 4, and the substantially purified water enters the filter 6 associated with the last cassette 4, where the organisms floating in the water - mainly algae - is removed. The water to be purified is passed through coarse-grained sand and then the purified water can be removed through pipe 9 for industrial or agricultural use. It is noted that further reduction of the concentration of certain substances may be required, if necessary, followed by zeolite post-filtration.

Figure 3 illustrates the connection between essentially two adjacent, in-line cassettes, and the soil composition of the cassettes.

When the water level has reached a certain height, the water flows through 10 flows to the next cassette. The inflow of water causes the aeration wheel 5 to move, thereby increasing the amount of oxygen needed for cleaning. The flow pipe 10 passes through a barrier 8 with a fixed ground. Generally, the cassette can be lined with peat at a thickness of 5 to 20 cm to reduce bacterial count, selectivity, adsorption of certain materials, and stabilize the sludge. Advantageously, a plastic film 13 is disposed on the peat lining 12 - in the vicinity of the inlet water through the flow 10. Note that if the bottom 11 of the cassette is susceptible to external contamination, the cassette may still need to be lined with a material 30 to 40 cm thick.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the aeration wheel 5 used in the water purification system of the present invention, which consists of an adjustable-size support 14 and two different-sized rotors 15 mounted telescopically to the support 16. The aeration wheel 5 is driven by the energy of the flowing water.

Figure 5 illustrates the design of the rotors 15 of the aeration wheel 5.

In a patio-cassette water purification system according to the invention comprising 5 to 25 serially connected field cassettes, the purification time ranges from 25 to 140 days. An anaerobic lake cassette, preferably 2 to 6 m deep, is also installed in the system. Then there are pond-shaped water depth cassettes with a depth of 0-2.5 m, followed by aerobic ponds with a water depth of 0.3-1.2 m.

Aerobic cartridges should always be terraced, and other cartridges should be at least partially terraced where possible due to the ease of changing the water level.

Except for the first phase (anaerobic), purification has a significant oxygen demand. This is ensured by the aeration wheels formed at the inflow from the atmosphere to the liquid phase into the cassettes, the photosynthesis of the plants and the dissolution of water through the surface. The most important of these is the aeration wheel, which is powered by the energy of the water and, regardless of external environmental factors, ensures that the water entering the cartridge is almost saturated with oxygen. This is important in the night hours, but especially in winter.

Floating portions of the effluent entering the site, as well as floating plants generated during cleaning, will be used to trap sludge from any cassette in order to retain it at the point of entry or generation.

Slow filtration of the cartridges after coarse sand ensures the removal of floating organisms, especially algae, from the purified water. When high environmental demands are met, the concentration of individual substances, eg zeolite post-filtration may be incorporated to reduce ammonia.

To speed up sludge stabilization and reduce bacterial count, as noted above, cassettes are lined with peat lining and, if required by the quality of the subsoil, even lined with compacted material.

In the last 1 to 5 aerobic cartridges, water level variability is also exploited during normal operation (typically between 0.3 and 1.5 m). At the same time, the amount of treated wastewater discharged can be independent of the amount of wastewater entering. This also means flexible water control for the recipient. Changing the water level means storing 10 to 60 daily wastewater volumes, so that the amount of run-off water can be adjusted to the receiving water flow. (Note that slow filters have several times the capacity of your battery.)

The wastewater transported to the terrace-cassette sewage treatment plant via a pipe or vehicle is transported to the first ana-3erobic cassette. In a series of connected anaerobic cartridges, most of the floating material content will be lost and will be free of sediment. Part of the organic matter is degraded by anaerobic processes. The intensity of the decomposition is clearly visible from the gas evolution.

In the following pond-shaped cassettes, the decomposition of organic matter continues, partly anaerobically and partly aerobically. In these cartridges, higher organisms and oxygen begin to appear. In aerobic cartridges, in the increasingly oxygen-rich water, which is solubilized as described above, much of the remaining organic matter is degraded aerobically, the water becomes nearly saturated with oxygen, and some of the minerals from the decomposition are incorporated into plants and the environment. Most of the biomass that is formed eventually ends up in the bottom sludge of the cassette.

Particularly in the summer, water is filtered through coarse sand to remove larger amounts of floating algae and reduce other contaminants, which can then be drained to the recipient or used in the secondary.

Peat in the cassettes promotes the spread of different species of fungi. A by-product of these is the bacterial selective antibiotic. Peat humic substances can alter the solubility of various compounds due to their ion exchange capacity. This can reduce the solubility of several organic materials and also bind heavy metal compounds.

The by-product of cleaning, the sludge, accumulates at the bottom of the cartridges and is largely stabilized by cold rot. After removing the cassette and lowering the water level (using a pump method), the removal is started by inserting peat or crushed straw or corn stalks. The mixed slurry with a nearly shovel consistency is removed by a dredger. Cleaning may also be carried out by transferring the sludge to a peat bed - either at the site or at the place of use - with a suction vehicle. The high organic material is sold for landscaping and crop production. The first cassettes (anaerobic) must be dredged every 1-2 years and the rest of the cassettes every 3 to 10 years. The technology provides the opportunity for continuous successive dredging of all cartridges on the battery. In the case of larger plants, the cassette separation barriers must be sized so that machinery can pass through them.

It is advisable to build sand filters on an intermittent basis. Their top layer should be replaced every 3 to 10 weeks, and the entire filling should be replaced every 0.7 to 2.0 years. The coarse filter sand removed is placed on agricultural land. The filtration rate varies between 0.05 and 0.5 m ³ / h.

The advantage of the water purification system according to the invention is that its energy requirement is practically zero. It should be noted here that the system can be equipped with floating aeration powered by a separate power source, in which case the capacity of the water purification system can be increased by up to 100%.

The operation of the system does not require constant supervision, the sludge generated during cleaning - mixed sludge - is suitable for further use. The system can be expanded as desired and its capacity increased, investment and operating costs are low, and environmental pollution is virtually eliminated. Even after the ice has been set up, the cleaning plant constructed in accordance with the invention, together with the sand filter, operates without interruption. However, it should be noted that the design should take into account that heavy rainfall in the first cassette may cause a sudden increase in water level and therefore emergency spills should be used. The patio cassette water purification systems of the present invention provide inexpensive and quick drainage and wastewater treatment of small settlements and can also be used to clean living water in a short period of time. Finally, the system according to the invention is also suitable for the disposal of dilute manure, which can be further utilized in the sludge and used for the majority of plant nutrients in the manure.

Claims (8)

Patent claims 1. Terraco-cassette sewage treatment plant for the combined or separate treatment of wastewater of various origins, sludge effluent, slurry, based on natural biodegradation, consisting of several cassettes of different size and water depth, characterized mainly by: cassettes (3,4) partially covered with peat (12), occasionally lined with compacting material on their underside, aerator wheels (5) for cleaning the oxygen supply, cleaning streams (5), and cassettes (3, 4) for removing sediment and floating parts (6) are also available. The terrace-cassette sewage treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a shallow water depth of 1.0-2.5 m and a larger area of aerobic water depth of 0.3-1.2 m, one after the other. a total of at least five cassettes (3, 4) disposed in front of which at least one cassette, preferably 2 to 6 m deep, of anaerobic pond nature is installed. The terrace-cassette sewage treatment plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cassettes (3,4) are arranged in a manner that facilitates the air supply. 4. A terrace-cassette sewage treatment plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has at least one aeration wheel (5) driven by the energy of the water to be purified. 5. The terrace-cassette sewage treatment plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that there is also a sludge trap located at a depth of not more than 10-30 cm per cassette (3, 4) which enters the water to be purified or binds the sludge produced during cleaning. 6. A process for treating wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that coarse-grained sand is used as a slow filter (6) to remove water-floating organisms, in particular algae, followed by zeolite post-filtration to reduce the concentration of each substance. performed. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reduction, selection, adsorption of certain substances, The stabilization of the slurry and the sludge is carried out with 5 to 20 cm thick peat lining per cassette (3, 4). Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, in the case of a substrate (11) sensitive to external contamination, a compacted liner having a thickness of 30 to 40 cm is used per cartridge (3,4).