CN100395193C - System and method for purifying landscape water body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technology of purifying landscape water body by utilizing the synergistic effect of environmental engineering technology and ecological engineering technology, and particularly relates to a system and method for purifying landscape water body. The technical system for purifying the landscape water body is composed of a biological filter tank and an artificial ecological wetland on the shore. The biological filter tank can remove organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen, total suspended solids, etc. in the sewage, and does not require aeration equipment; the artificial ecological wetland on the shore can reduce the suspended particles carried in the rainwater runoff entering the landscape water body, and the growth of plants can also be improved. Remove some nutrients from water. The operation of the biological filter tank makes the originally static water body flow, forming an internal circulation; using rainwater runoff as the external source of landscape water to replenish water can reduce the amount of replenishment water in water-scarce seasons. The invention has the characteristics of remarkable water purification effect, low operating cost, environmental friendliness, water resource saving and the like.

Description

System and method for purifying landscape water body

technical field

The invention belongs to the technology of purifying landscape water body by utilizing the synergistic effect of environmental engineering technology and ecological engineering technology, and particularly relates to a system and method for purifying landscape water body.

Background technique

With the gradual improvement of people's quality of life, the requirements for the environment are getting higher and higher. In cities, landscape water bodies have been gradually introduced into living quarters; as an extremely important landscape water body in urban tourism and leisure areas, its role is also increasing. Landscape water body has become an indispensable and important part of various parks, zoos, and living quarters.

The status of landscape water body in the city is becoming more and more prominent, but the landscape water body is facing a severe situation: because most of the urban landscape water body is closed and slow-flowing water body with static or poor fluidity, the water area is small, the water environment capacity is small, and the self-purification ability of the water body is low. It is susceptible to pollution (the internal source of pollution is the living pollution of internal waterfowl or ornamental animals, etc.; the external source of pollution includes rainfall runoff, domestic sewage and garbage, etc.). When the landscape water is seriously polluted, it will cause eutrophication of the water, resulting in a large number of algae in the water, turning the water black and smelly, and affecting the surrounding natural environment; in order to maintain the water quality, the general landscape water will be replaced with tap water regularly. The deterioration of water quality and large water consumption have become the problems faced by the development of urban landscape water bodies.

At present, there has been some research on the pollution prevention and control of landscape water bodies. The treatment methods of urban landscape water bodies are mainly environmental engineering and ecological engineering methods: environmental engineering is mainly physical chemical and biochemical methods. Physical and chemical methods include (1) coagulation sedimentation method, filtration method, and air flotation method with medicine; (2) sterilization and disinfection, that is, adding a certain amount of inhibitors to inhibit the growth of bacteria or algae in water. Biochemical methods include: (1) activated sludge and biofilm treatment; (2) aeration and oxygenation method, that is, artificial aeration and re-oxygenation of the water body to increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water, keep it in an aerobic state, and prevent the water body from Occurrence of black odor phenomenon. Ecological engineering mainly refers to the water ecological method. Guided by ecological principles, aquatic animals and plants with anti-pollution and strong purification functions are cultivated artificially to form a water ecosystem and purify water quality.

Environmental engineering treatment has high efficiency and is less affected by seasonality, but it also has certain limitations: generally, separate structures and power equipment are required, and operating costs are required; environmental engineering facilities have a certain impact on the landscape. Physicochemical treatment (such as disinfection) may have negative effects on aquatic animals and plants. Biochemical methods are very effective for removing dissolved pollutants in water bodies, but may be difficult to operate due to relatively low concentrations of pollutants in landscape water bodies.

The ecological engineering method has the characteristics of environmental friendliness and low operating cost, but its treatment efficiency is low, it is greatly affected by the season, and it has basically no removal effect in winter and early plant growth.

It is difficult to achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of landscape water bodies by environmental engineering and ecological engineering alone. Therefore, combining environmental engineering and ecological engineering and using the advantages of both to treat landscape water bodies will be an important development direction for landscape water treatment.

In environmental engineering technology, filtration has the characteristics of good removal effect of suspended solids in water body, small equipment size, simple power facilities, convenient operation and management, and little impact on animals and plants in water body after treatment of effluent. However, conventional filtration methods have basically no effect on the removal of dissolved pollutants in water bodies, and dissolved pollutants will accumulate in water bodies. The biological aerated filter system uses the biofilm method to treat pollutants in water, and has a good removal effect on both soluble and insoluble pollutants, but requires aeration equipment, high energy consumption, complicated operation management and high noise. However, the concentration of pollutants in the surface water body is very low, and microorganisms are not easy to grow, which makes the operation of the biological aerated filter difficult.

Contents of the invention

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a technical system for purifying landscape water bodies, providing a high-efficiency, low-consumption, and low-replenishment water approach for water treatment of landscape water bodies.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying landscape water.

The biological filter tank in the technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention combines filtration with biological purification, improves the water inlet mode and filter material, does not require aeration equipment, but has the characteristics of an aerated biological filter tank, and can filter Microorganisms grown on materials can remove dissolved pollutants in water.

Due to the introduction of environmental engineering, the treatment pressure of ecological engineering in this system is reduced, and it is mainly used to treat rainwater runoff (research shows that pollutants in rainwater runoff are mainly gathered in suspended particles) and beautify the environment. Strengthening the matrix of the shore zone (choosing gravel, pebbles and steel slag with large gaps and strong adsorption capacity, etc.) to form a shore zone artificial ecological wetland can enhance the treatment capacity of the shore zone and prolong the service life.

The invention combines the biological filter tank and the artificial ecological wetland on the shore to form a technical system for purifying the landscape water body, and keeps the landscape water body clean through water circulation treatment. Using rainwater runoff as part of the supply water for the landscape water body can not only reduce the operating cost of the landscape water body, but also reduce the pollution of the natural water body by non-point sources; the landscape effect is considered in the design, so that the system can purify the water quality while strengthening the landscape water body It is a promising technology for viewing and leisure functions.

The technical system for purifying landscape water body of the present invention is composed of environmental engineering unit biological filter tank and ecological engineering unit shore zone artificial ecological wetland, and is characterized in that:

The shore zone of the pond II in the landscape water body is composed of the artificial ecological wetland I, and the pond II in the landscape water body is connected with the biological filter tank III through a pipeline.

The artificial ecological wetland in the shore zone mainly treats the suspended solid particles in the rainwater runoff, and the biological filter tank treats the pollutants in the landscape water body.

The polluted water in the pond II in the landscape water body is lifted by the sewage pump and then enters the biological filter tank III, and is recycled after being purified by filtration and the degradation of microorganisms growing on the filter material; at the same time, the artificial ecological wetland I on the shore Plant growth also removes some of the pollutants. The rainwater runoff generated by the surrounding slopes and roads passes through the artificial ecological wetland I on the shore to remove most of the suspended matter, and then flows into the landscape water body II as replenishment water. The backwash water of biological filter tank III in this system is discharged out of the system. In the whole system, only the biofilter III needs to lift the sewage water pump and the backwash water pump, in other areas, the water flows by gravity.

The biological filter tank in the technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention is mainly composed of filter material, water distribution area, triangular weir, filter plate, short handle filter head, water inlet pipe, backwash pipe, clear water collection pipe, top cover, backwash Pumps, sewage pumps and other units.

A filter plate divides the biological filter tank III into two areas: the upper filter material area and the lower water distribution area; the filter plate is a perforated plate (with small holes), and a short handle filter head is installed at the through hole of the filter plate; The water distribution area below the filter plate is equipped with clean water collection pipes and backwash pipes; the filter material area above the filter plate is filled with filter material, and a triangular weir is installed on the side wall of the biological filter tank III above the filter material. A water inlet pipe is installed above the triangular weir.

The top of the biofilter III has a top cover, and the top cover is provided with an observation vent.

The water inlet pipe of the biological filter tank III is connected with the sewage pump, and the backwash pipe is connected with the backwash pump. The other end of the clear water collection pipe communicates with pond II in the landscape water body.

The inner filter material of the biofilter III adopts ceramsite filter material, and the water outlet of the water inlet pipe falls into the water; the biofilter can be set in one or more parallel connections as required; part of the treated water can be stored in a small clear water pool, As backwash water.

The shore zone artificial ecological wetland in the technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention is mainly composed of substrate, water distribution corridor, emergent plants, aquatic plants and the like. A water distribution corridor is set between the slope and the shore zone; emergent plants are planted on the substrate, and aquatic plants are planted in the shallow water area of the landscape water body; fences are set up between the artificial ecological wetland and the deep water area of the shore zone as required .

The artificial ecological wetland matrix in the shore zone is mainly composed of pebbles and hard steel slag with large porosity and strong adsorption capacity.

The method for purifying landscape water body of the system of purifying landscape water body of the present invention is:

The rainwater runoff after passing through the artificial ecological wetland I water distribution corridor in the shore zone flows to the substrate and emergent plants respectively, and the water after intercepting and removing most of the suspended solids and some pollutants is used as replenishment water to enter the pond II in the landscape water body. And mix with the landscape water body in the pond II in the landscape water body; the landscape water body enters the biofilter III through the pipeline, and after the filtration in the biofilter III and the degradation and purification treatment of the microorganisms growing on the filter material, the clean water returns In the pond II in the landscape water body; the backwash water used to flush the filter material in the biological filter tank III is discharged outside the system.

The method for purifying the landscape water body of the system of the present invention can refer to Fig. 1～3:

The rainwater runoff generated by the surrounding slopes and roads is intercepted and removed by the artificial ecological wetland I on the shore to remove most of the suspended matter, and then distributed by the water distribution corridor 13 of the artificial ecological wetland I on the shore, and then flows to the substrate 12 and the emergent plants 15 for treatment. Then it flows into pond II in the landscape water body as replenishment water. When the water level in Pond II in the landscape water body is low and the rainwater runoff is small, the rainwater runoff passes through the matrix to intercept and filter particulate pollutants and then enters Pond II in the landscape water body; when the rainwater runoff is large or the water level in the landscape water body is high, the main Suspended pollutants are intercepted by emergent plants 15 .

After the water in the pond II in the landscape water body is lifted by the sewage pump 10, it falls into the biological filter tank III from the water inlet pipe 6, and after being treated by the filter material 1, it enters the water distribution area 2 from the short handle filter head 5, and passes through the clean water The collection pipe 7 is collected and discharged back to the landscape water body for recycling, and part of the treated water can be stored in the clear water pool as backwash water. Backwash the biofilter after running for a period of time. When backwashing, first turn off the clean water collection pipe 8 and the sewage pump 11; then turn on the backwash pump 10, and the backwash water can be taken to the clean water pool or treated from the landscape water body. The backwash water is directly extracted near the discharge inlet, and the backwash water enters the water distribution area 2 through the backwash perforated pipe 7, and after being rectified in the water distribution area 2, it enters the filter material area through the short handle filter head 5 to wash the filter material; the backwash water passes through the triangular weir 3 Collect and discharge out of the system. The water in the coastal artificial ecological wetland and the landscape water mainly depends on the exchange of rainwater runoff and the change of the water level of the landscape water. The growth of plants in the coastal artificial ecological wetland and the adsorption of filter materials can also partially remove the pollutants in the landscape water.

During the whole process, only the biofilter tank needs lift pump and backwash water pump, in other areas, the water flows by gravity.

The system of the present invention utilizes the biological filter tank to filter and remove the suspended particle pollutants in the landscape water body, utilizes the microorganisms growing on the filter material of the biological filter tank to degrade the soluble pollutants; Carrying suspended particles, the growth of plants can also remove part of the nutrients in the water. In the above-mentioned technical system for purifying landscape water bodies, the operation of the biological filter tank makes the originally static water body flow, forming an internal circulation. The volume of the biological filter tank is small, and the requirements for supporting facilities are simple, and multiple biological filter tanks can be operated in parallel. . The technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention utilizes rainwater runoff as supplementary water from external sources, reducing the amount of supplementary water in water-scarce seasons. The technical system for purifying the landscape water body of the present invention has obvious effect on improving the water quality of the landscape water body, and the water quality of the landscape water body remains stable during operation, wherein after the treatment of the biological filter tank, indicators such as CODcr, TN, TP, and TSS reach the national surface water environment quality standard (GB3838 -88) Class III standard; the system only requires water pumps and backwash pumps for the operation of the biological filter tank, and the operating cost is low; the design combines environmental engineering and ecological engineering with landscape design, so that the system can purify and improve the water quality of landscape water bodies at the same time beautify environment. The invention has the characteristics of significant water purification effect, low operating cost, environmental friendliness, water resource saving and the like.

The technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention combines environmental engineering and ecological engineering, uses biological filter tanks as the main body of water treatment for landscape water bodies, and uses ecological engineering to treat rainwater runoff, which has good treatment effects, low energy consumption, and high treatment effects Not affected by seasons and other advantages.

2. The technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention recycles treated water, saving water resources; using rainwater runoff as part of replenishment water saves tap water consumption for landscape water bodies.

3. The technical system for purifying landscape water bodies of the present invention fully considers landscape factors during design, and integrates environmental engineering and ecological engineering into the landscape. Utilize hidden environmental engineering equipment such as woods and bushes, and plant ornamental plants on the shore to strengthen the ornamental and leisure functions of the landscape water body.

4. This system has little negative impact on the original ecology, especially the original animals and plants, and is environmentally friendly.

5. The biofilter in the technical system for purifying landscape water of the present invention adopts measures such as water inflow and ceramsite filter material, so that the biofilter has the function of simultaneously removing insoluble pollutants and soluble pollutants. The tank does not require an aeration system, and has the advantages of low energy consumption and low noise; when designing the biological filter tank, multiple small filter tanks are connected in parallel, which reduces the instantaneous water consumption of the biological filter tank for backwashing and reduces the cost of the biological filter tank. requirements for supporting facilities.

6. The shore zone in the system of the present invention is strengthened to form a shore zone artificial ecological wetland, which has the advantages of strong processing capacity and long service life; the selection of emergent plants and aquatic plants suitable for viewing can beautify the environment.

The integrated sewage treatment system and method thereof of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1. The system schematic diagram of purifying landscape water body of the present invention.

Fig. 2. The schematic diagram of the biofilter in the system for purifying landscape water body of the present invention.

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of artificial ecological wetland in shore zone in the system for purifying landscape water body of the present invention.

Fig. 4. The engineering example schematic diagram of the system of purifying landscape water body of the present invention.

reference sign

I. Artificial ecological wetland on the shore II. Pond in the landscape water body III. Biological filter tank

1. Filter material 2. Water distribution area 3. Triangular weir

4. Filter plate 5. Short handle filter head 6. Water inlet pipe

7. Backwash pipe 8. Clean water collection pipe 9. Top cover

10. Backwash pump 11. Sewage pump 12. Substrate

13. Water distribution corridor 14. Fence 15. Emergent plants

16. Aquatic plants

Detailed ways

Example 1:

See Figure 1. The system of the present invention is composed of a biological filter tank of an environmental engineering unit and an artificial ecological wetland on the bank of an ecological engineering unit.

The shore zone of Pond II in the landscape water body is composed of artificial ecological wetland I for treating suspended solids in rainwater runoff, and Pond II in the landscape water body is connected with biological filter tank III for treating pollutants in the landscape water body through pipelines.

The biological filter tank is shown in Figure 2, and the filter material in the biological filter tank is ceramsite filter material; the artificial ecological wetland on the shore is shown in Figure 3 . Emergent plants are planted on the substrate, and aquatic plants 16 are planted in the shallow water area of the landscape water body; fences 14 are set between the artificial ecological wetland and the deep water area on the shore.

The system of the present invention is used to treat the water body of Crane Island in Wuhan Zoo.

Crane Island in Wuhan Zoo is one of the important landscapes of the zoo, where many precious ornamental birds (black swans, gray cranes, red-crowned cranes, egrets, black storks, pelicans, etc.) are stocked. The topographical diagram is shown in Figure 4: the total area of the waterfowl habitat is about 2844m ² , the water depth is 0.9m-2.0m, and the average water depth is about 1.3m-1.4m. Inside the water body ^{there is an island for birds to inhabit, and there is a rockery in the middle of the pond. The area of the two is about 1107m 2 .} . The total length of the circular waterway is about 123m.

Due to the addition of feed and bird feces, the pond water is turbid, and the water quality and sensory perception of the pond are poor. The basic parameters of the water quality before the project are as follows: COD is 60-80mg/l, TN is 6-10mg/l, TP is 0.5～2mg/l. There are a lot of algae and suspended matter growing in the water, and the visibility of the water is 0.15～0.30m. In order to improve water quality, the zoo regularly replenishes tap water to Crane Island, wasting precious water resources.

Therefore, aiming at the water quality of Crane Island, the technical system for purifying landscape water body of the present invention is used to treat the water body of Crane Island, and four biological filter tanks are operated in parallel. In view of the terrain characteristics, a cement embankment is used to separate the circular ditch in the middle, and the water is raised and treated by the water pump and circulates along the ditch. The rainwater from the surrounding slopes flows into Crane Island as replenishment water. After engineering transformation, the pollution sources mainly include: (1) non-point source pollution: mainly rainwater runoff; (2) endogenous pollution: food leftovers and excrement of waterfowl and Crane Island.

Considering the life of birds in Crane Island, the biological filter tank is placed on the shore away from the rest of the animals, and the water pump is submerged in the water; the top cover of the biological filter tank is designed as a spire, and its shape is similar to a small wooden house, and the exterior color is grass green , the whole system is hidden in the woods.

The artificial ecological wetland in the shore zone is composed of substrate and aquatic plants. The matrix layer from bottom to top is: gravel, pebbles and steel slag, and the depth of each layer of matrix is 30cm. Emergent plants planted on the substrate mainly include reeds, cattails, calamus and water lilies. In addition, algae - Elodea was artificially planted on a section of the shore.

After the rainwater runoff is treated by the artificial ecological wetland in the shore zone, the TSS of total suspended solids is reduced from 100-200 mg/l to about 20-70 mg/l, and TN and TP are significantly reduced due to the removal of TSS.

Comparing the water in and out of the biological filter tank: after the water circulation purification technology and system treatment of the landscape water body of the present invention, the COD of the landscape water body is maintained at 5-15 mg/l, the TN is maintained at 0.4-1.0 mg/l, and the TP is maintained at below 0.1 mg/l , The turbidity of the water is below 10NTU, and the visibility is maintained at 1.0-1.30m, reaching the III standard of the national surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-88); It can be restored to 5.0~6.2mg/l in the blood.

After the system runs stably, the water quality of the landscape water body is good, and the water quality remains stable during the operation.

The project has been in operation for more than a year, and all kinds of animals in Crane Island are growing well.

The research on the engineering application of the landscape water circulation and purification technology and system in this study shows that the system has remarkable treatment effects, low energy consumption, and environmental friendliness.

Claims (9)

1. the system of a purifying landscape water body is combined by biological filter tank in environmental engineering unit and bank, ecological engineering unit band artificial ecology wetland, it is characterized in that:

The bank band on the pool in the landscape water body (II) is made of the artificial ecology wetland (I) of handling suspended solids in the rainfall runoff, and the pool in the landscape water body (II) is connected with the biological filter tank (III) of pollutent in the processing landscape water body by pipeline.

2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described biological filter tank (III) is one or more parallel connection.

3. system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described biological filter tank (III) mainly is made of filtrate, cloth pool, V-notch weir, filter plate, short-handled filter head, water inlet pipe, backwash tube, clear water collection tube, top cover, backwashing pump, sump pump unit;

One filter plate is divided into filtrate district, following two districts, cloth pool with biological filter tank (III); Filter plate is a perforation plate, in the through hole of filter plate short-handled filter head is installed; Cloth pool below filter plate is equipped with clear water collection tube, backwash tube; The filtrate district that adorns above filter plate is filled with filtrate, is installed on the sidewall of biological filter tank (III) at a V-notch weir above the filtrate, and a water inlet pipe is installed in the top of V-notch weir.

4. system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: top cover is arranged at the top of described biological filter tank (III), is provided with the observation ventilation hole on top cover.

5. system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: top cover is arranged at the top of described biological filter tank (III), is provided with the observation ventilation hole on top cover.

6. system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the water inlet pipe of described biological filter tank (III) links to each other with sump pump, and backwash tube links to each other with backwashing pump, and the other end of clear water collection tube is connected with the pool (II) in the landscape water body.

7. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described bank band artificial ecology wetland is mainly by matrix, the water distribution gallery, and emergent, waterplant constitute; Between hillside fields and bank band, be provided with the water distribution gallery; Kind is implanted with emergent on matrix, and the shoaling water kind of the pool in landscape water body (II) is implanted with waterplant.

8. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described matrix is big by voidage, rubble, pebbles and the slag of high adsorption capacity are formed.

9. method according to each described system purification landscape water body of claim 1～8 is characterized in that:

Flow to matrix and emergent respectively through the rainfall runoff behind bank band artificial ecology wetland (I) the water distribution gallery, water after interception is removed most suspended substances and removed the part pollutent enters in the pool (II) in the landscape water body as supplementary feed, and with landscape water body in the pool (II) in landscape water body mix; Landscape water body enters in the biological filter tank (III) by pipeline, and after the degraded purifying treatment through the microorganism that grows on filtration in biological filter tank (III) and the filtrate, cleaning water is returned in the pool (II) in the landscape water body; The backwashing water that is used for washing biological filter tank (III) filtrate is discharged to outside the system.

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