HRP20020610A2

HRP20020610A2 - System for recovering a fluid content from a sunken ship

Info

Publication number: HRP20020610A2
Authority: HR
Inventors: Jean-Luc Dabi
Original assignee: Environment Technological Grou
Priority date: 2002-07-19
Filing date: 2002-07-19
Publication date: 2004-06-30

Description

Područje tehnike izuma Technical field of the invention

Ovaj se izum odnosi na sustav za vađenje tekućeg sadržaja iz potonulog broda. This invention relates to a system for extracting liquid contents from a sunken ship.

Opis stanja tehnike Description of the state of the art

Prateći brodolom broda "Erika" 11. prosinca 1999. kraj francuske obale, enormne teškoće uključene u vađenje kontaminirajuće tekućine iz tankova broda, koji je potonuo na dno mora, još jednom su postale jasnima. Potreba za jednostavnim sustavom za vađenje tekućeg sadržaja iz potonulog broda se sada osjeća više nego ikada prije. Following the shipwreck of the ship "Erika" on December 11, 1999 off the French coast, the enormous difficulties involved in extracting the contaminating liquid from the tanks of the ship, which sank to the bottom of the sea, became clear once again. The need for a simple system for extracting liquid contents from a sunken ship is felt now more than ever before.

Naprava za vađenje ugljikovodika ili drugih kemijskih produkata iz teretnog prostora potonulog broda je opisana u dokumentu EP-A-0 550 682. Ova naprava sadrži vanjsko plutajuće tijelo, koje se labavo učvršćuje na palubu broda i povezuje s prvim krajem fleksibilne transportne cijevi. Ova cijev se namotava na napravu za postepeno otpuštanje, koja se pričvršćuje na palubu broda i na plutajuće tijelo. Drugi kraj fleksibilne transportne cijevi se povezuje na brod i njegov završni kraj se locira u teretnom prostoru, iz kojeg se tekući sadržaj treba izvaditi. Ako brod tone, plutajuće tijelo bi trebalo ostati na površini (nešto što se čini ponešto malo vjerojatnim datom silinom kojom se brod ruši u vodu u vrijeme kada tone i težinom takve cijevi, 20 kg po metru, 6 tona na 300 metara), otpuštajući fleksibilnu transportnu cijev iz svoje naprave za otpuštanje. Dokument EP-A-0 550 682 zatim predviđa da spasilačka posada poveže kraj fleksibilne transportne cijevi koja je iznesena gore na površinu pomoću plutajućeg tijela, s drugom fleksibilnom cijevi koja je sama povezana s pumpom na površinskom spasilačkom brodu. Dokument EP-A-0 550 682 ne specificira kako će pumpa na površinskom brodu tada biti sposobna da podigne tekući sadržaj iz teretnog prostora potonulog broda. U zaključku, tehnička izvedivost rješenja opisana u dokumentu EP-A-0 550 682 ostaje dubioznom, navedeno time da je nemoguće, u skladu s fizičkim zakonima mehanike fluida, povući tekućinu kroz cijev više od 10 metara vertikalno (10,33 m, da bude precizno). Trebalo bi također naglasiti da se najviše potonulih brodova surva na palubu (primjeri Erika, Levoli Sun, itd.), gdje su u stvarnosti naprave za otpuštanje instalirane, čineći ih na taj način potpuno neupotrebljivim. A device for extracting hydrocarbons or other chemical products from the cargo space of a sunken ship is described in document EP-A-0 550 682. This device contains an external floating body, which is loosely fixed to the ship's deck and connected to the first end of a flexible transport tube. This tube is wound on a gradual release device, which is attached to the ship's deck and to the floating body. The other end of the flexible transport tube is connected to the ship and its final end is located in the cargo space, from which the liquid contents are to be removed. If the ship sinks, the floating body should remain afloat (something that seems somewhat unlikely given the force with which the ship crashes into the water as it sinks and the weight of such a pipe, 20 kg per meter, 6 tons per 300 meters), releasing the flexible transport tube from its release device. Document EP-A-0 550 682 then provides for the rescue crew to connect the end of a flexible transport tube brought up to the surface by the floating body, to another flexible tube which is itself connected to a pump on the surface rescue vessel. Document EP-A-0 550 682 does not specify how the pump on the surface ship will then be able to lift the liquid contents from the cargo hold of the sunken ship. In conclusion, the technical feasibility of the solution described in document EP-A-0 550 682 remains doubtful, given that it is impossible, in accordance with the physical laws of fluid mechanics, to draw liquid through a pipe more than 10 meters vertically (10.33 m, to be precisely). It should also be emphasized that most sunken ships are pushed onto the deck (examples Erika, Levoli Sun, etc.), where in reality release devices are installed, thus rendering them completely unusable.

Cilj izuma Object of the invention

Cilj je ovog izuma da predloži stvarno rješenje problema vađenja tekućeg sadržaja iz potonulog broda. The aim of this invention is to propose a real solution to the problem of extracting liquid contents from a sunken ship.

U skladu s izumom, ovaj se cilj postiže sustavom za vađenje tekućeg sadržaja iz potonulog broda, kako se zahtijeva u Patentnom zahtjevu 1. In accordance with the invention, this objective is achieved by a system for extracting liquid contents from a sunken ship, as claimed in Patent Claim 1.

Kratak opis izuma Brief description of the invention

Sustav vađenja u skladu s izumom se preventivno instalira u svakom od bočnih tankova broda, čiji se tekući sadržaj treba vaditi nakon brodoloma, drugim riječima, kada brod počiva na dnu vodenog plovnog puta. The extraction system according to the invention is preventively installed in each of the side tanks of the ship, whose liquid contents are to be extracted after a shipwreck, in other words, when the ship rests on the bottom of the waterway.

Ovaj sustav sadrži zabrtvljenu komoru (nazvanu cilindrom), pričvršćenu na vanjsku stijenku navedenih bočnih tankova, koja sadrži plutajući element sposoban da se izbaci iz potonulog broda prema površini: plutajući element je povoljno povezan na jednom kraju na cijev za evakuaciju sredstvima podiznog užeta. This system comprises a sealed chamber (called a cylinder), attached to the outer wall of said side tanks, containing a floating element capable of being ejected from the sunken ship towards the surface: the floating element is conveniently connected at one end to the evacuation tube by means of a hoisting rope.

Dimenzije podiznog užeta mu dopuštaju da stvori mehaničku vezu između plutajućeg elementa, koji pluta na površini i drugog kraja cijevi za evakuaciju, koja je još namotana na potonulom brodu. U povoljnom času, ovo podizno uže dopušta da se drugi kraj cijevi za evakuaciju lako podigne vitlom iz brtvljene komore (cilindra). The dimensions of the lifting rope allow it to create a mechanical connection between the floating element, which floats on the surface, and the other end of the evacuation tube, which is still coiled on the sunken ship. At an opportune time, this lifting rope allows the other end of the evacuation tube to be easily winched out of the sealed chamber (cylinder).

Također se predlaže, da plutajući element bude povezan na podizno uže preko elastičnog elementa, koji je izveden da minimizira vlačna naprezanja kojima se napreže podizno uže od strane plutajućeg elementa koji pluta na površini. It is also suggested that the floating element be connected to the lifting rope via an elastic element, which is designed to minimize the tensile stresses that are applied to the lifting rope by the floating element floating on the surface.

Fleksibilna cijev za evakuaciju je povezana na plutajući element pomoću užeta, koje je instalirano na namotaču. The flexible evacuation pipe is connected to the floating element by means of a rope, which is installed on the reel.

Navedena cijev za evakuaciju ima prvi kraj povezan na cijev smještenu u tanku, a drugi kraj povezan na plutajući element pomoću užeta, i dovoljno je dugačka da njen drugi kraj može biti smješten na primjerenom razmaku izvan trupa broda, prema površini. Said evacuation pipe has a first end connected to a pipe located in the tank, and the other end connected to the floating element by means of a rope, and is long enough that its other end can be placed at a suitable distance outside the ship's hull, towards the surface.

U skladu s važnim aspektom ovog izuma, kraj cijevi iz spasilačkog broda na površini može biti povezan s krajem cijevi, po sebi spušten prema potonulom brodu duž užeta, na taj način povezujući bočne tankove sa spasilačkim brodom na površini pomoću cijevi smještene u tanku, fleksibilne cijevi i cijevi iz broda na površini. Ova navedena cijev sadrži uže, koje se može povezati na podizno uže i tako djelovati kao vodilica za navedenu cijev. In accordance with an important aspect of the present invention, the end of the pipe from the rescue ship on the surface can be connected to the end of the pipe, itself lowered towards the sunken ship along the rope, thereby connecting the side tanks to the rescue ship on the surface by means of a pipe located in the tank, a flexible pipe and pipes from the ship on the surface. This said pipe contains a rope, which can be connected to a lifting rope and thus act as a guide for said pipe.

U drugoj verziji, cijev se vodi pomoću dva užeta. In another version, the pipe is guided by two ropes.

U skladu s važnim aspektom ovog izuma, cijev smještena u tanku, je po sebi fleksibilna cijev i povezana je na cilindar pomoću prstena koji se može zakretati za 360°. To je duž njene uzdužne osi izvedeno od širokog plutajućeg dijela i od otežanog dijela. Ovaj otežani donji dio sadrži dva usisna otvora i koljeno ili zglob, smješten upravo iznad jednog od otvora, tako da taj otvor leži na najvišem mjestu duž stijenke tanka. U ovom inovativnom aspektu, kombinacija okretljivog prstena i strukture cijevi, koja je asimetrična sa stanovišta uzgona, je namijenjena da drži cijev i usisne otvore u željenom položaju na najvišem mjestu u tanku, plutajući na površini tekućine, nezavisno o položaju tanka. In accordance with an important aspect of the present invention, the tube located in the tank is itself a flexible tube and is connected to the cylinder by means of a ring which can be rotated through 360°. Along its longitudinal axis, it is derived from a wide floating part and from a heavy part. This weighted lower part contains two suction ports and a knee or joint, located just above one of the ports, so that port lies at the highest point along the tank wall. In this innovative aspect, the combination of the swivel ring and the tube structure, which is asymmetric from the point of view of buoyancy, is intended to hold the tube and suction ports in the desired position at the highest point in the tank, floating on the surface of the liquid, regardless of the position of the tank.

U skladu s važnim aspektom ovog izuma, sustav za vađenje nadalje sadrži cijev smještenu u svakom bočnom tanku, otežanu i izvedenu tako, da njen kraj može biti usmjeren prema najdonjoj točki u tanku, bez obzira na njegov položaj. Drugi kraj ove cijevi se podiže do površine preko fleksibilne evakuacijske cijevi i cijevi iz površinskog broda, u paru ili inkorporirane unutar istih ovih cijevi. Ova cijev smještena u tanku je izvedena tako, da se ona može koristiti da ubrizgava vodu pod tlakom, upravljanu pomoću površinskog spasilačkog broda. In accordance with an important aspect of the present invention, the extraction system further comprises a pipe located in each side tank, heavy and designed so that its end can be directed towards the lowest point in the tank, regardless of its position. The other end of this pipe is raised to the surface via a flexible evacuation pipe and a pipe from the surface ship, in pairs or incorporated within the same pipes. This pipe located in the tank is designed so that it can be used to inject water under pressure, controlled by a surface rescue boat.

U drugoj verziji, navedena cijev, smještena u tanku, započinje od dna tanka i podiže se samo toliko daleko koliko je ispusni otvor, puštajući unutra morsku vodu pri hidrostatskom tlaku, koji odgovara dubini (za 10 bar pri dubini od 100 metara). Ona je na svom daljem kraju smještenom u tanku, opremljena ventilom koji se otvara prema unutrašnjosti tanka pod učinkom minimalnog tlaka, a na svom drugom kraju smještenom kod otvora sustava izbacivanja, ventilom koji se njiše sa strane. In the second version, said tube, located in the tank, starts from the bottom of the tank and rises only as far as the discharge opening, letting in seawater at a hydrostatic pressure corresponding to the depth (by 10 bar at a depth of 100 meters). It is equipped at its far end, located in the tank, with a valve that opens towards the interior of the tank under the effect of minimum pressure, and at its other end, located at the opening of the ejection system, with a valve that swings from the side.

U povoljnoj izvedbi sustava u skladu s izumom, pomoćna cijev može biti u paru, odnosno inkorporirana u cijev za evakuaciju. Ova pomoćna cijev je izvedena da se može upotrijebiti da ubrizgava produkt za fluidiziranje i grijanje u tekući sadržaj potonulog broda, uz datu vrlo nisku temperaturu (oko 5°C) na oceanskom dnu i da na taj način olakša pražnjenje tekućeg sadržaja na površinu. In an advantageous embodiment of the system according to the invention, the auxiliary pipe can be paired, or incorporated into the evacuation pipe. This auxiliary pipe is designed so that it can be used to inject a fluidizing and heating product into the liquid contents of the sunken ship, given the very low temperature (about 5°C) on the ocean floor and thereby facilitate the discharge of the liquid contents to the surface.

U pogodnoj izvedbi izuma, brtvljena komora (cilindar) je projektirana tako, da je pričvršćena u jednom od bočnih tankova broda, tako da cijev za evakuaciju može biti namotana u njoj. Ova brtvljena komora ima izlazni otvor na strani korita broda. Korisno je, da se ova brtvljena komora oblikuje s kućištem u jednom komadu, koje zauzima minimalnu količinu prostora u tanku broda. In a convenient embodiment of the invention, the sealed chamber (cylinder) is designed so that it is fixed in one of the side tanks of the ship, so that the evacuation tube can be coiled in it. This sealed chamber has an exit opening on the side of the ship's bed. It is useful that this sealed chamber is designed with a one-piece housing, which takes up a minimum amount of space in the ship's tank.

Izbacivanje plutajućeg elementa sustava za vađenje se pogodno naređuje pomoću sredstava za aktiviranje sa zadržavanjem, tako da se aktiviranje izbačaja navedenog plutajućeg elementa na površinu odgodi uz pretprogramirano zadržavanje, slijedeći detekciju jednog ili više parametara, karakterističnih za potonuće broda. Parametri karakteristični za potonuće broda su, na primjer, udarac određene žestine, ili minimalni hidrostatski tlak. Može se zamisliti i da se izbacivanje plutajućeg elementa naredi ultrazvučnim prijamnikom, slijedeći prijam sustavom ultrazvučnih signala. Također se može opremiti ručicom za ručno aktiviranje od strane ronioca ili R.O.V. (Remote-Operated Underwater Vehicle - daljinski upravljanog podmorskog sredstva). The ejection of the floating element of the extraction system is conveniently ordered by means of activation with delay, so that the activation of the ejection of said floating element to the surface is delayed with a pre-programmed delay, following the detection of one or more parameters, characteristic of the sinking of the ship. Parameters characteristic of a ship sinking are, for example, a blow of a certain intensity, or a minimum hydrostatic pressure. It is also possible to imagine that the ejection of the floating element is ordered by an ultrasonic receiver, following the reception by the system of ultrasonic signals. It can also be equipped with a lever for manual activation by a diver or R.O.V. (Remote-Operated Underwater Vehicle).

Povoljno je, da brod sadrži prvi sustav za vađenje u skladu s izumom, koji ima izlazni otvor za evakuacijsku cijev na lijevoj strani broda, i drugi sustav za vađenje u skladu s izumom, koji ima izlazni otvor evakuacijske cijevi na desnoj strani broda, i da to bude po poprečnom isječku od dva ili tri tanka, zavisno o projektu broda, koji sadrži nekoliko poprečnih isječaka, koji polaze od krme broda idući prema pramcu. Na taj su način pokriveni svi zamislivi položaji u kojima brod može potonuti. Advantageously, the ship comprises a first extraction system according to the invention, which has an exit opening for the evacuation pipe on the port side of the ship, and a second extraction system according to the invention, which has an exit opening for the evacuation pipe on the right side of the ship, and that it should be by a cross section of two or three tanks, depending on the design of the ship, which contains several cross sections, which start from the stern of the ship and go towards the bow. In this way, all imaginable positions in which the ship can sink are covered.

U povoljnoj i inventivnoj izvedbi postupka, sustav za povezivanje sa svakim bočnim tankom je instaliran u središnjem tanku. Ovaj povezujući sustav je izveden s dva kompleta od po četiri cijevi, dvije kod vrha, dvije pri dnu, smještenih kod četiri ugla svake od dvije stijenke, koje odjeljuju središnji tank od dva bočna tanka. Ove povezujuće cijevi su opremljene ventilima, koji se otvaraju samo pri određenom minimalnom tlaku. Na taj način su svi tankovi pokriveni. U drugoj verziji, ventili su izrađeni da se promišljeno otvaraju sustavom užadi, čije je upravljanje smješteno prema otvoru za izbacivanje. In an advantageous and inventive embodiment of the process, a system for connecting to each side tank is installed in the central tank. This connecting system is made with two sets of four pipes each, two at the top, two at the bottom, located at the four corners of each of the two walls, which separate the central tank from the two side tanks. These connecting pipes are equipped with valves, which open only at a certain minimum pressure. In this way, all tanks are covered. In another version, the valves are designed to be deliberately opened by a rope system, the control of which is located towards the ejection port.

Postupak za vađenje tekućeg sadržaja iz potonulog broda, koji koristi sustav u skladu s izumom, sadrži: The procedure for extracting liquid contents from a sunken ship, which uses the system according to the invention, contains:

- aktiviranje izbačaja plutajućeg elementa, - activating the ejection of the floating element,

- označavanje i vađenje plutajućeg elementa pomoću spasilačkog broda, - marking and removing the floating element using a rescue ship,

- podizanje podiznog užeta, priključenog na plutajući element, koristeći vitlo na spasilačkom brodu, - raising the lifting rope, connected to the floating element, using the winch on the rescue ship,

- podizanje drugog kraja evakuacijske cijevi na maloj udaljenosti od potonulog broda, - raising the other end of the evacuation pipe at a short distance from the sunken ship,

- povezivanje podiznog užeta i užeta, koje je uključeno u cijev povezanu na površinski brod, - connection of the lifting rope and the rope, which is included in the pipe connected to the surface ship,

- klizanje cijevi povezane na površinski brod od užeta, povezanog na ovaj brod do podiznog užeta, prema dnu mora, vođeno pomoću središnjeg otvora smještenog na središnjoj osi unutar te iste cijevi, - sliding of the pipe connected to the surface ship from the rope, connected to this ship to the lifting rope, towards the bottom of the sea, guided by means of the central opening located on the central axis inside the same pipe,

- povezivanje kraja evakuacijske cijevi iz potonulog broda s krajem cijevi iz površinskog spasilačkog broda, koja je sama povezana s instalacijom za vađenje tekućeg sadržaja u tankove spasilačkog broda, - connecting the end of the evacuation pipe from the sunken ship with the end of the pipe from the surface rescue ship, which itself is connected to the installation for extracting liquid contents into the tanks of the rescue ship,

- i konačno, pokretanje sustava za pražnjenje pomoću injektiranja vode pod pritiskom koji se regulira pomoću spasilačkog broda, putem cijevi, koje su smještene u bočnim tankovima potonulog broda. - and finally, starting the emptying system by injecting water under pressure regulated by the rescue ship, through pipes, which are located in the side tanks of the sunken ship.

Kratak opis slika Short description of the pictures

Ostale pojedinosti i značajke izuma bit će jasne iz detaljnog opisa nekih povoljnih izvedbi, koje se daju ovdje dalje načinom ilustriranja s upućivanjem na pridodane crteže. Oni prikazuju: Other details and features of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description of some advantageous embodiments, which are given hereinafter by way of illustration with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

Slika 1: Shematski pogled na brod koji počiva na morskom dnu nakon aktiviranja sustava u skladu s izumom; Figure 1: Schematic view of a ship resting on the seabed after activation of the system according to the invention;

Slika 2: Shematski djelomični presjek sustava instaliranog u brodskom tanku; Figure 2: Schematic partial section of the system installed in the ship's tank;

Slika 3: Djelomični presjek strukture evakuacijske cijevi i povezujuće cijevi, ove su dvije cijevi izrađene od identičnih elemenata; Figure 3: Partial section of the structure of the evacuation pipe and the connecting pipe, these two pipes are made of identical elements;

Slika 4: Shematski pogled na brod, koji počiva na morskom dnu za vrijeme podizanja užeta vitlom, koje izvlači kraj evakuacijske cijevi izvan potonulog broda. Figure 4: Schematic view of the ship, resting on the seabed during the hoisting of the rope with the winch, which pulls the end of the evacuation tube out of the sunken ship.

Slika 5: Pogled u uvećanom mjerilu na sustav za povezivanje užeta iz spasilačkog broda s užetom iz potonulog broda. Figure 5: Enlarged view of the system for connecting the rope from the rescue ship to the rope from the sunken ship.

Slika 6: Pogled u uvećanom mjerilu na povezivanje između cijevi iz potonulog broda i iz površinskog spasilačkog broda. Figure 6: Enlarged view of the connection between the pipes from the sunken ship and from the surface rescue ship.

Slika 7: Pogled u uvećanom mjerilu na dva kraja ovih cijevi u času kada se one povezuju. Figure 7: An enlarged view of the two ends of these pipes as they are connected.

Slika 8: Shematski pogled na sustav nakon povezivanja cijevi, sustav je spreman za injektiranje vode pod pritiskom i pražnjenje tekućine. Figure 8: Schematic view of the system after connecting the pipes, the system is ready to inject water under pressure and discharge the liquid.

Slika 9: Shematski pogled na sustav nakon povezivanja cijevi, s usisnom međupumpom, koja može biti potopljena na željenoj dubini da kompenzira padove tlaka instalacije na spasilačkom brodu. Figure 9: Schematic view of the system after connecting the pipes, with the suction intermediate pump, which can be submerged at the desired depth to compensate for the pressure drops of the installation on the rescue ship.

Slika 10: Shematski pogled na različite položaje, koje potopljeni brod može poprimiti. Figure 10: Schematic view of the different positions that a sunken ship can take.

Slika 11: Pogled na poprečni presjek broda koji sadrži središnji tank i dva bočna tanka. Figure 11: Cross-sectional view of the ship containing the central tank and two side tanks.

Slika 12: Pogled na sustav unutar tanka. Figure 12: View of the system inside the tank.

Slika 13: Pogled u uvećanom mjerilu na opremu tanka. Figure 13: Enlarged view of tank equipment.

Slika 14: Pogled na povezujuću cijev, vođenu s dva užeta. Figure 14: View of the connecting pipe, guided by two ropes.

Detaljni opis nekih povoljnih izvedbi iz izuma Detailed description of some advantageous embodiments of the invention

Na slikama jednake oznake označavaju elemente koji su identični ili slični. In the figures, equal signs indicate elements that are identical or similar.

Sl. 1 prikazuje brod 12 potopljen na morsko dno 80 nakon aktiviranja sustava za vađenje u skladu s izumom, koji je u svojoj cjelini označen strelicom 10. Na Slici 1 vidljivi dio ovog sustava 10 sadrži plutajući element 14 koji pluta na površini 20 i povezan je s brodom 12 pomoću podiznog užeta K1. Plutajući element 14 se sastoji, na primjer, od neke vrste plovka za napuhavanje zrakom 14, koji je povezan s podiznim užetom K1 preko elastičnog elementa 22. Funkcija ovog posljednjeg jest da minimizira vlačna naprezanja kojima je napregnuto podizno uže K1 od strane plutajućeg elementa 14, koji doživljava gibanje valova i vrlo jake struje prouzročene olujama. Sl. 1 shows a ship 12 submerged on the seabed 80 after activation of the extraction system according to the invention, which is indicated in its entirety by an arrow 10. In Figure 1, the visible part of this system 10 contains a floating element 14 that floats on the surface 20 and is connected to the ship 12 using the lifting rope K1. The floating element 14 consists, for example, of a kind of air-inflatable float 14, which is connected to the lifting rope K1 via an elastic element 22. The function of the latter is to minimize the tensile stresses with which the lifting rope K1 is stressed by the floating element 14, which experiences wave motion and very strong currents caused by storms.

Slijedeći potapanje broda 12, sustav za vađenje iz izuma se aktivira, što zapravo znači prije svega izbacivanje plutajućeg elementa 14 iz njegovog početnog položaja unutar trupa 18 broda (usporedi sa Slikom 2) prema površini 20 mora. Ovo izbacivanje mora nastupiti tek nakon što brod 12 sjedne na svoj završni položaj na dno mora 80. On se aktivira sustavom za aktiviranje s odlaganjem, koji se sam po sebi aktivira nakon što jedan ili više parametara karakterističnih za potapanje broda 12 budu detektirani. Parametri karakteristični za potapanje broda su, na primjer, dovoljno žestok sudar, zabilježen jednim ili više senzora sudara, kada brod 12 udari o dno, i/ili minimalni hidrostatski tlak, detektiran senzorima tlaka razmještenim na brodu. Na brodu 12 je također smješten ultrazvučni prijamnik 84, tako da, plutajući element 14 može biti izbačen na prijam ultrazvučnog signala, poslanog od strane spasilačke posade. Višestrukost sustava za aktiviranje naravno povećava sigurnost sustava. Međutim, bude li ijedan od ovih sustava za aktiviranje zakazao u radu, rukom pokretana poluga 86, koja se stavlja na trup 18 broda blizu plutajućeg elementa 14 (Slika 2) dopustit će roniocu ili R.O.V. da sustav aktivira ručno 86. Following the sinking of the ship 12, the extraction system of the invention is activated, which actually means first of all ejecting the floating element 14 from its initial position within the hull 18 of the ship (compare with Figure 2) towards the surface 20 of the sea. This ejection must occur only after the ship 12 settles into its final position on the seabed 80. It is activated by a delay activation system, which itself is activated after one or more parameters characteristic of the sinking of the ship 12 are detected. Parameters characteristic of sinking a ship are, for example, a sufficiently violent crash, recorded by one or more crash sensors, when the ship 12 hits the bottom, and/or minimum hydrostatic pressure, detected by pressure sensors located on the ship. An ultrasonic receiver 84 is also placed on the ship 12, so that the floating element 14 can be launched to receive the ultrasonic signal sent by the rescue crew. The multiplicity of activation systems naturally increases system security. However, should any of these actuation systems fail, a hand operated lever 86, which is placed on the hull 18 of the boat near the buoyancy element 14 (Figure 2) will allow the diver or R.O.V. to activate the system manually 86.

Trebalo bi zapaziti da položaj u kojem brod 12 može potonuti na dno mora 80 treba uzeti u razmatranje, kada se odabire lokacija plutajućeg elementa 14 za izbacivanje. Ako brod 12 potone da počiva na morskom dnu na lijevoj strani trupa, a plovak za napuhavanje 14 je također smješten na lijevoj strani, neće biti moguće da ovaj plovak bude izbačen iz broda. Na taj način, poželjno je smjestiti na brod, kako je prikazano na Slici 11, dva plutajuća elementa 14A i 14B za poprečni isječak od tri tanka od lijeve do desne strane na trupu 18, jedan na lijevoj, a drugi na desnoj, tako da bez obzira na položaj broda 12 na morskom dnu, barem jedan od plovaka 14A ili 14B bude moguće izbaciti na površinu 20 vode. Ovaj razmještaj plovaka za napuhavanje 14 također jamči izbacivanje barem jednog plovka 14A ili 14B po poprečnom isječku, kada brod 12 sjedne na svoju palubu i zbog toga obuhvaća sve položaje potonulog broda. It should be noted that the position in which the ship 12 can sink to the bottom of the sea 80 should be taken into consideration when selecting the location of the floating element 14 for ejection. If the ship 12 sinks to rest on the seabed on the port side of the hull, and the inflatable float 14 is also located on the port side, it will not be possible for this float to be ejected from the ship. In this way, it is desirable to place on the ship, as shown in Figure 11, two floating elements 14A and 14B for a transverse section of three tanks from left to right on the hull 18, one on the left and the other on the right, so that without regardless of the position of the ship 12 on the seabed, at least one of the floats 14A or 14B can be thrown to the surface 20 of the water. This deployment of the inflatable floats 14 also guarantees the ejection of at least one float 14A or 14B per cross-section, when the ship 12 settles on its deck and therefore covers all positions of the sunken ship.

Izbacivanje jednog od plovaka 14 sustava za vađenje 10 na površinu 20 je popraćeno, kako je prikazano Slikom 1, odmotavanjem podiznog užeta K1, instaliranog u kućištu za namotavanje 87, s tim da je uže K1 dovoljno dugačko da dozvoli plutajućem elementu 14 da dosegne površinu 20. The ejection of one of the floats 14 of the extraction system 10 onto the surface 20 is accompanied, as shown in Figure 1, by the unwinding of the lifting rope K1 installed in the winding housing 87, the rope K1 being long enough to allow the floating element 14 to reach the surface 20 .

Podizno uže K1 i plovak 14 se drže na brodu 12 tamo gdje su oni smješteni zajedno s fleksibilnom evakuacijskom cijevi K u zabrtvljenoj komori 24, prikazanoj na Slici 2. Pogodno je da je ova zabrtvljena komora 24 kućište od jednog komada, pričvršćeno unutar bočnih tankova broda, na njihovu vanjsku stijenku. Jedna ploha 26 jednodjelnog kućišta 24, koja se drži na trupu 18 broda, je probijena izlaznim otvorom 28. Ovaj izlazni otvor 28 je zatvoren brtvljenim poklopcem 85 tako dugo, dok se sustav 10 ne aktivira. Podizno uže K1 je namotano u kućištu 87 unutar zabrtvljene komore 24. Jedan kraj podiznog kabela K1 je povezan s jednim krajem 34 evakuacijske cijevi K. Jedna ploha 36 zabrtvljene komore 24 je probijena otvorom 38, dopuštajući da se cijev K poveže s cijevi za pražnjenje B, smještenoj u jednom od bočnih tankova broda 12. Evakuacijska cijev K je namotana unutar zabrtvljene komore 24. Da se olakša odmotavanje, zabrtvljena komora 24 može biti ispunjena tekućinom. The lifting rope K1 and the float 14 are held on the ship 12 where they are located together with the flexible evacuation tube K in a sealed chamber 24, shown in Figure 2. Conveniently, this sealed chamber 24 is a one-piece housing, secured inside the side tanks of the ship , on their outer wall. One surface 26 of the one-piece housing 24, which is held on the hull 18 of the ship, is pierced by an exit opening 28. This exit opening 28 is closed by a sealed cover 85 until the system 10 is activated. The lifting rope K1 is coiled in a housing 87 inside the sealed chamber 24. One end of the lifting cable K1 is connected to one end 34 of the evacuation pipe K. One face 36 of the sealed chamber 24 is pierced with an opening 38, allowing the pipe K to be connected to the discharge pipe B , located in one of the ship's side tanks 12. The evacuation tube K is coiled inside the sealed chamber 24. To facilitate uncoiling, the sealed chamber 24 may be filled with liquid.

Trebalo bi primijetiti da zabrtvljena komora 24 treba da bude zaštićena za vrijeme brodoloma pomoću, na primjer, ojačanja svoje vanjske plohe protuudarnim zaštitnim šipkama. Povoljno je također smjestiti zabrtvljenu komoru 24 kod sredine stijenke tanka (Slika 11) da se spriječi bilo kakav rizik njenog oštećenja u slučaju sjedanja broda na njegovu palubu. It should be noted that the sealed chamber 24 should be protected during a shipwreck by, for example, reinforcing its outer surface with impact protection bars. It is also advantageous to place the sealed chamber 24 near the middle of the tank wall (Figure 11) to prevent any risk of damage to it in the event of the ship landing on its deck.

Zabrtvljena komora može također biti smještena kod gornjeg dijela tanka, tako da izlazni otvor 85, zatvoren poklopcem 28, leži iznad vodne linije. Zabrtvljena komora je povezana sa središnjim dijelom tanka pomoću cijevi, koja je uključena u sustav za evakuaciju tekućine. The sealed chamber can also be located at the top of the tank, so that the outlet opening 85, closed by the cover 28, lies above the water line. The sealed chamber is connected to the central part of the tank by a pipe, which is included in the liquid evacuation system.

Aktiviranje sustava za vađenje 10 u skladu s izumom zbog toga ustvari znači izbacivanje plutajućeg elementa 14 iz izlaznog otvora 28 zabrtvljene komore 24. Kako se on penje prema površini 20, plutajući element 14 nosi jedan kraj podiznog užeta K1 prema površini 20. Kada jednom plutajući element 14 dostigne površinu 20, bljeskajuće svjetlo ga učini vidljivim spasilačkom brodu. Plovak 14 također nosi GPS odašiljač i/ili radio odašiljač da se minimizira vrijeme potrebno za njegovo lociranje i omogući brza intervencija spasilačkim brodom 44. Activating the retrieval system 10 in accordance with the invention therefore essentially means ejecting the floating element 14 from the exit opening 28 of the sealed chamber 24. As it ascends toward the surface 20, the floating element 14 carries one end of the lifting rope K1 toward the surface 20. Once the floating element 14 reaches surface 20, the flashing light makes it visible to the rescue ship. Buoy 14 also carries a GPS transmitter and/or radio transmitter to minimize the time needed to locate it and enable rapid intervention by rescue vessel 44.

Čim brod locira plutajući element 14 i ukrca ga, započinju operacije vađenja tekućeg sadržaja iz potonulog broda 12. Prvi je zadatak spasilačkog broda 44, kako je prikazano na Slici 4, da pomoću vitla 46 poveže kraj podiznog užeta K1, kojeg je na površinu 20 iznio plovak 14. Vitlo 46 dopušta da se drugi kraj podiznog užeta K1 iznese izvan zabrtvljene komore, iznoseći sa sobom kraj 34a evakuacijske cijevi K izvan broda. As soon as the ship locates the floating element 14 and boards it, the operations of extracting the liquid contents from the sunken ship 12 begin. The first task of the rescue ship 44, as shown in Figure 4, is to use the winch 46 to connect the end of the lifting rope K1, which it brought to the surface 20 float 14. The winch 46 allows the other end of the lifting rope K1 to be brought out of the sealed chamber, bringing with it the end 34a of the evacuation tube K outboard.

Trebalo bi primijetiti, da je usmjeravanje kraja 34a evakuacijske cijevi K iz njene komore koristeći samo jedan plovak 14, veoma komplicirano zbog značajne težine cijevi K. Uporaba podiznog kabela K1, koji je lagan, vrlo jak i može ga se prilagoditi vitlu 46, u sustavu 10 u skladu s izumom je zbog toga vrlo povoljna. It should be noted that directing the end 34a of the evacuation tube K from its chamber using only one float 14 is very complicated due to the considerable weight of the tube K. The use of the lifting cable K1, which is light, very strong and can be adapted to the winch 46, in the system 10 according to the invention is therefore very advantageous.

Kraj 34a evakuacijske cijevi K se pomoću spasilačkog broda 44 izvlači vitlom iz komore 24 potonulog broda, uže K1 se priključi na uže L1 smješteno unutar cijevi L, na taj način formirajući vodilicu duž koje klizi cijev L, dopuštajući joj da prođe od užeta L1 do užeta K1; sve što zatim preostaje je za cijev L da se pusti da klizi prema cijevi K, vođena kod svog centra užetom K1 na taj način djelujućeg kao vodilica, sve dok dva kraja cijevi K i L ne pristanu zajedno. Drugi kraj cijevi L se povezuje na instalaciju za vađenje na spasilačkom brodu 44 pomoću standardnog spajanja. The end 34a of the evacuation tube K is winched out of the vessel 24 of the sunken ship by means of the rescue ship 44, the rope K1 is connected to the rope L1 placed inside the tube L, thus forming a guide along which the tube L slides, allowing it to pass from the rope L1 to the rope K1; all that then remains is for the pipe L to be allowed to slide towards the pipe K, guided at its center by the rope K1 thus acting as a guide, until the two ends of the pipes K and L are brought together. The other end of the pipe L is connected to the extraction installation on the lifeboat 44 using a standard coupling.

Kako je prethodno označeno, evakuacijska cijev K je sadržana u zabrtvljenoj komori 24. As previously indicated, the evacuation tube K is contained within the sealed chamber 24.

Povoljno je, da je cijev P, s jednim otežanim krajem, smještena u najnižem položaju u bočnim tankovima, bez obzira na položaj broda na morskom dnu. To omogućuje da voda pod tlakom upravljana pomoću površinskog broda 44, bude injektirana ispod tekućine koju se treba isprazniti u spasilački brod 44 preko cijevi B, K i L. It is advantageous that the pipe P, with one difficult end, is placed in the lowest position in the side tanks, regardless of the position of the ship on the seabed. This allows pressurized water controlled by surface ship 44 to be injected below the liquid to be discharged into rescue ship 44 via pipes B, K and L.

Zbog saznanja da su u tankerskom brodu tri poprečna tanka odijeljena razdjelnom stijenom, potrebno je sustav za vađenje 10 skladu s izumom smjestiti samo u dva od ovih tankova, lijevi tank 97b i desni tank 97c. Due to the knowledge that in the tanker ship there are three transverse tanks separated by a dividing wall, it is necessary to place the extraction system 10 in accordance with the invention in only two of these tanks, the left tank 97b and the right tank 97c.

Kako je prikazano na Slici 11, u središnjem tanku 97a postoji sustav koji povezuje svaki od dva bočna tanka 97b i 97c. Ovaj povezujući sustav je izveden od dva kompleta od po četiri cijevi 98abcd, dvije na vrhu, dvije na dnu, smještenih kod četiri ugla svake od dvije razdjelne stijene 96 i 95, koje odjeljuju središnji tank od dva bočna tanka. As shown in Figure 11, there is a system in the central tank 97a that connects each of the two side tanks 97b and 97c. This connecting system is derived from two sets of four tubes 98abcd, two on top, two on bottom, located at the four corners of each of the two dividing walls 96 and 95, which separate the central tank from the two side tanks.

Sustav za vađenje 10 u skladu s izumom je instaliran samo u tankovima 97b i 97c, kojima konvergira sadržaj druga dva tanka 97 broda 12, ako se brod jako nagne na lijevi ili desni bok. Ako brod nasjedne na palubu ili na kobilicu broda, tekućina sadržana u središnjem tanku se prazni pomoću vode injektirane pod reguliranim tlakom i usmjerava se kroz cijevi 98 u bočne tankove, gdje je lociran sustav za izbacivanje. Ovaj povoljan smještaj u skladu s inventivnim postupkom iz ovog izuma omogućuje da se obuhvate svi mogući položaji, koje potonuli brod na morskom dnu može poprimiti i također omogućuje pražnjenje tankova cijelim svojim sadržajem. The extraction system 10 according to the invention is installed only in the tanks 97b and 97c, to which the contents of the other two tanks 97 of the ship 12 converge, if the ship leans heavily to the left or right side. If the ship runs aground on the deck or keel of the ship, the liquid contained in the central tank is emptied by means of water injected under regulated pressure and directed through pipes 98 to the side tanks, where the ejection system is located. This favorable placement in accordance with the inventive method of this invention allows to include all possible positions, which a sunken ship on the seabed can assume and also allows the emptying of the tanks with their entire contents.

Nakon brodoloma broda 12, opremljenog uređajem 10 za vađenje tekućeg sadržaja potonulog broda u skladu s izumom, radnje vađenja se poduzimaju kako slijedi. After the shipwreck of the ship 12, equipped with the device 10 for extracting the liquid contents of the sunken ship in accordance with the invention, the extraction operations are undertaken as follows.

Po udaranju o dno 80, sustavi za aktiviranje, ili barem jedan od njih, odnose informaciju o brodolomu u sustav. Nakon pretprogramiranog odgađanja, koje dopušta potonulom brodu vrijeme da sjedne na morsko dno, daje se naredba za izbacivanje plutajućeg elementa 14. Zatim se otvara otvor zabrtvljene komore 24, dopuštajući plutajućem elementu 14 da sa sobom nosi, kako se on uspinje prema površini 20, jedan kraj podiznog užeta K1 kroz izlazni otvor 28, kako je prikazano na Slici 1. Kad je površina 20 dostignuta, plutajući element 14 je sa spasilačkog broda 44 moguće locirati pomoću bljeskajućeg svjetla, GPS odašiljača ili radio odašiljača, koje nosi. Kada spasilački brod 44 locira plovak 14, on mora izvući taj plovak na brod, tako da odvoji podizno uže i njegov kraj pričvrsti na vlastito vitlo 46. Kraj 34a evakuacijske cijevi K, povezan na još uvijek potopljen kraj podiznog kabela K1, se zatim izvlači vitlom iz potonulog broda 12 koliko god je moguće, spasilački brod 44 duž užeta K1 spušta cijev L sa ženskim završnim priključkom 34b prema kraju s muškim završnim priključkom 34a evakuacijske cijevi K potonulog broda 44 (Slike 3 do 7). Kraj 34c evakuacijske cijevi L je povezan pomoću standardnog spoja na pumpu 94 na površini 20, koja prazni tekućinu u tankove spasilačkog broda 44, kojem je namijenjeno da skupi tekući sadržaj tankova 97abc broda 12. Supstanca za fluidiziranje se uvodi u pomoćnu cijev N, koja se stavlja u tu svrhu. Voda pod reguliranim tlakom se injektira u tank preko cijevi P. Tekući sadržaj tanka se zatim prazni pomoću vode pod reguliranim tlakom, kroz evakuacijske cijevi B, K i L i pumpu 94 u tankove spasilačkog broda 44. Trebalo bi primijetiti, da je kod jedne opcije, cijev L iz spasilačkog broda 44 opremljena elementima otpornim na grijanje ugrađenim u njenu strukturu, električno napajanih od strane spasilačkog broda, tako da se fluidizira tekućina koju treba evakuirati. Tankove je moguće opremiti temperaturnim senzorima i senzorima viskoziteta, koji osjete ove parametre sadržanog fluida i odašilju ovu informaciju preko kabela povezanog na glavni tank, tako da se odredi temperatura i priroda fluida kojega treba injektirati u tankove. Kao alternativa, moguće je da se ne upotrijebi pomoćna cijev N za injektiranje fluida za prijenos topline, nego da se koristi cijev za evakuaciju fluida, čime se stvara značajno pojednostavljenje, a vjerojatno i mogućnost da se izostavi okretni prsten 93. Upon hitting the bottom 80, the activation systems, or at least one of them, reports the shipwreck information to the system. After a pre-programmed delay, which allows the sunken ship time to settle to the seabed, the command is given to eject the buoyant element 14. The hatch of the sealed chamber 24 is then opened, allowing the buoyant element 14 to carry with it, as it ascends toward the surface 20, one the end of the lifting rope K1 through the exit opening 28, as shown in Figure 1. When the surface 20 is reached, the floating element 14 can be located from the rescue boat 44 using the flashing light, GPS transmitter or radio transmitter it carries. When the rescue vessel 44 locates the float 14, it has to pull the float aboard by detaching the hoist line and attaching its end to its own winch 46. The end 34a of the evacuation tube K, connected to the still submerged end of the hoist cable K1, is then retrieved by the winch. from the sunken ship 12 as far as possible, the rescue ship 44 along the rope K1 lowers the pipe L with the female end connection 34b towards the end with the male end connection 34a of the evacuation pipe K of the sunken ship 44 (Figures 3 to 7). The end 34c of the evacuation pipe L is connected by means of a standard connection to the pump 94 on the surface 20, which empties the liquid into the tanks of the rescue ship 44, which is intended to collect the liquid contents of the tanks 97abc of the ship 12. The fluidizing substance is introduced into the auxiliary pipe N, which puts for this purpose. Water under regulated pressure is injected into the tank via pipe P. The liquid contents of the tank are then emptied by means of water under regulated pressure, through evacuation pipes B, K and L and pump 94 into lifeboat tanks 44. It should be noted that with one option , the tube L from the lifeboat 44 equipped with heat-resistant elements built into its structure, electrically supplied by the lifeboat, so as to fluidize the liquid to be evacuated. The tanks can be equipped with temperature sensors and viscosity sensors, which sense these parameters of the contained fluid and transmit this information via a cable connected to the main tank, so that the temperature and nature of the fluid to be injected into the tanks can be determined. As an alternative, it is possible not to use the auxiliary pipe N for injecting the heat transfer fluid, but to use the pipe to evacuate the fluid, thus creating a significant simplification, and possibly also the possibility to omit the rotating ring 93.

Claims

1. System (10) for extracting liquid contents from a sunken ship (12), characterized by the fact that it contains: - floating element (14) capable of being ejected from the sunken ship (12) towards the surface (20); - pipe (K) for evacuating said liquid content, the first end of said evacuation pipe (K) is connected to the side tanks of said ship (12), and the second end (34a) of said evacuation pipe (K) is connected to said floating element (14 ), said evacuation tube (K) is long enough to extend said other end (34a) to a sufficient distance outside the sunken ship (20); - connecting pipe (L) from the surface ship (44) having one end (34b), which can be connected to the end (34a) of the pipe (K), and the other end connected to the pump (94), installed on the rescue ship (44) ) on the surface (20), this said pipe (L) is long enough to meet the end of said submerged pipe (K); - and indicated by the discharge system installed in the sealed chamber (24) of the ship's side tanks (12), composed of a suction pipe (B) located in said side tanks (97b and 97c), connected to an evacuation pipe (K) which itself is connected to the second evacuation pipe (L) from the surface ship (44), which is connected to the pump (94) installed on said surface ship (44), - and pipe (P), one end of which is located in the side tanks and the other end of which is raised to the surface ship (44) via pipes (K) and (L), this said pipe (P) is used to inject water under pressure regulated by the mentioned surface ship (44).

2. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said floating element (14) is connected to said other end (34a) of said evacuation pipe (K) by means of a lifting rope (K1) designed to form a mechanical connection between said floating element (14) floating on the surface (20) and said other end (34a) of said evacuation tube (K), coiled in said sunken ship (12).

3. The system as claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the said floating element (14) connected to the said lifting rope (K1) by means of an elastic element (22) is designed to minimize the tensile stresses which stress the said lifting rope ( K1) by the floating element (14), which floats on the surface (20).

4. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said tube (L) from the surface ship (44) is equipped with heat-resistant elements incorporated into its structure, electrically powered by the surface ship , to fluidize the liquid, which needs to be evacuated.

5. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said pipe (L) is guided from the surface ship (44) by means of two ropes to descend towards the pipe (K).

6. The system as claimed in claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has an auxiliary pipe (N) in a pair or incorporated in said evacuation pipes (K and L), said auxiliary pipe (N) is designed so that fluidizing the product can then be injected from the said rescue ship (44) into the said sunken ship (12).

7. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it has a sealed chamber (24) in the side tank of said ship (12), in which chamber said evacuation tube (K) is coiled.

8. A system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that said sealed chamber (24) comprises an exit opening (28) on the hull or on its left or right side.

9. A system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that said sealed chamber (24) is formed from a one-piece housing.

10. A system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that it has a sealing cover (85), which closes the outlet opening (28) and which is opened by means of a mechanical system.

11. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it has means for activation with a delay, so as to activate the ejection of said floating element (14) towards the surface (20) with a pre-programmed delay, following the detection one or more parameters characteristic of the sinking of the mentioned ship (12).

12. A system as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the said parameter is characteristic of the sinking of the said ship (12), an impact of a certain intensity or a minimum hydrostatic pressure.

13. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has an ultrasonic receiver capable of activating the ejection of said floating element (14) onto the surface (20) following the reception of an ultrasonic signal (84).

14. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it has a manual activation lever (86), activated by divers or R.O.V. (Remote-Operated Underwater Vehicle) and suitable to open the cover (85), and activate the ejection of the mentioned floating element (14) to the surface (20).

15. A system as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that it has a suction pipe (B) located in the side tanks (97b) and (97c), having one end connected to a sealed chamber (24). by means of a ring (93), which can be rotated through 360°.

16. The system as claimed in patent claim 15, characterized in that said tube (B) contains, along its longitudinal axis, an upper part equipped with a floating element (91) attached or incorporated into its structure, in which way it is enabled to it floats above the liquid at the highest point of the tank, regardless of its position.

17. The system as required in patent claim 15, characterized in that said tube (B) contains, along its longitudinal axis, a heavy lower part (89), on which two suction openings (B1) and (B2) are arranged, which their difficulty allows them to always be positioned so that they look towards the liquid to be sucked up, regardless of the position of the tank.

18. A system as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that said suction openings (B1) and (B2) are located in such a way that (B2) is at the highest point along the rock by knee or joint means (90) just above of the specified opening (B1).

19. A system as claimed in claims 7 to 18, characterized in that the pipe (P) is located in the side tanks (97b and 97c).

20. The system as required in patent claim 19, characterized by the fact that said pipe (P) is made difficult and made so that its end (P1) can be directed towards the lowest point of the tank, regardless of its position.

21. The system as claimed in patent claim 19, characterized in that the other end of said pipe (P) is separated by means of a valve which is connected to the external environment of the ship through the opening for ejecting the system, so that inside the side tanks (97c and 97b ) releases seawater at hydrostatic pressure.

22. A system as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that said tube (P) is paired or incorporated along the tubes (K) and (L) and long enough that its end can be brought up to the surface, so that water can be injected into it at a pressure regulated by the surface ship (44).

23. A system as claimed in claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the system (98) connecting the central tank (97a) and each of the two side tanks (97b and 97c) is made of two sets of four pipes each ( 98abcd), two at the top, and two at the bottom, located at the four corners of each of the two dividing walls (95) and (96), which separate the central tank (97a) from the two side tanks (97b and 97c).

24. A system as claimed in claim 23, characterized in that said connecting pipes (98) are equipped with valves (70), which open only at a set minimum pressure, or by means of a rope system activated from the ejection port (28).

25. A ship, indicated by the fact that it contains: - several separate tanks; - for each cross-section of the three tanks (97 a, b, and c) two extraction systems (10), as required in any of the preceding claims, per cross-section, one having the outlet opening (28) of the left evacuation tube (K) and another one having the outlet opening (28) of the right evacuation tube (K); - system (98) connecting the central tank (97a) and each of the two side tanks (97b) and (97c), made of two sets of four pipes (98abcd), two at the top and two at the bottom, located at four corner of each of the two dividing walls (95) and (96), which separate the central tank from the two side tanks, the connecting pipes are equipped with valves (70).