HRP20000105A2 - Simplified method for biologically cleaning areas of soil contaminated with leftover pollutant mineral oil-based materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a simplified method for biologically cleaning almost any-sized area of soil which is contaminated with mineral oil-based hydrocarbons (MHC), and especially the leftover pollutants associated with mineral oil-based hydrocarbons. According to said method, the contaminated soil is treated with concentrated nutrients to stimulate and help the growth of MHC-consuming micro-organisms so that they can be cultivated and reproduce more quickly. The inventive method is characterised in that it is particularly easy to carry out and in that after a) advance dampening/watering if necessary, b1) the soil being cleaned is broken up to a considerable depth in at least one process, b2) the concentrated nutrients are added in the form of an aqueously dilute emulsion and/or dispersion, said concentrates being sprayed essentially evenly, also in at least one process, and c) the soil is then thoroughly re-watered. Steps b1) and b2) can be carried out once or repeatedly. The following sequences are preferable: (b1)=>(b2); (b2)=>(b1); (b1)=>(b2)=>(b1) or (b2)=>(b1)=>(b2).

Description

For tens of years, the careless treatment of mineral oils, mineral oil fractions and products derived from them, in their ever-increasing economic exploitation, has led - according to current knowledge and understanding - to considerable damage worldwide, which today are called "old" loads. A large area of these loads based on hydrocarbon compounds based on mineral oils - hereinafter referred to as "MKW" for simplicity's sake - includes surfaces where, for example, the corresponding MKW was stored, pumped, distributed and/or transported for decades. As an example, let only appropriate warehouses (tanks) for the industrial exploitation of MKW and/or pipeline systems for the transport of MKW, if necessary and very far away, be listed here.

For a long time now, the understanding of this irresponsible behavior of the past has been increasing. On the one hand, this - at least in the important industrial countries of the world - has led to much stricter requirements for the safe handling of the class of substances listed here. On the other hand, a large and comprehensive written state of the art has been developed for the removal of the resulting damages, especially of the corresponding MKW. Despite this meanwhile sharpened view of the meaning of the environmental issues mentioned here and despite the significant increase in substantial safety in dealing with MKW, there is still today, as before, an urgent need for cheaper and simple regenerative restoration of the earth's soil surfaces, which are so strongly burdened with pollution, that simple repurposing of the affected areas by official regulations is impossible.

First of all, it is necessary to sufficiently clean these contaminated surfaces to a sufficient depth of the soil, in order to obtain new possibilities of using these surfaces.

Literature and practice know many proposals for the solution of the problem presented here. The success of the respective applied cleaning method is understandably a decisive factor for the applicability of the respective method. But it is not the only determining factor. Costs play an at least equally important role when regenerating larger soil surfaces.

Suppression of contamination - pollution based on hydrocarbon compounds - for example MKW - in soils and waters. with the help of bio-remediation, it gains more and more importance. Hydrocarbon compounds that are consumed by microorganisms, or microorganisms that devour these hydrocarbon compounds are valuable working resources within this technology, if it is possible to sufficiently stimulate their enrichment and/or growth at the site of pollution. From recent publications it should. refer to the publication and Chemische Industrie 5/91, 10-12 "Hunger for oil" as well as in Erdöl und Kohle - Erdgas, 44, April 1991, 197-200, Th. Höpner et al. "Oil Disaster in the Persian-Arabian Gulf" as well as the extensive literature cited there.

The working principle of bioremediation provides optimal support for the growth of the population of microorganisms that devour the dirt. According to the state of the art data - compare, for example, DE-A-42 18 243 and PC/EP 92/02146 - two important auxiliary means are in the foreground: first of all, it is necessary to supply elements that stimulate growth and which, as a rule, are not present in the area of pollution sufficient concentrations. This is primarily about inorganic and/or organic compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, which are used as nutrient concentrates for stimulation and growth support for microorganisms that destroy hydrocarbon compounds, as well as for their planting and cultivation. Second, according to the state of the art, pre-made concentrates of suitable hydrocarbon-destroying microorganisms are often used, especially to accelerate biological decomposition in the initial phase, and which can be applied to contaminated surfaces within a week.

According to the given situation, especially the individual previous state of the area to be cleaned, one can of course assume in that case that such inoculation with microorganism concentrates is unnecessary. As a rule, this will be the case when the natural process of biological decomposition has already led to the creation of a sufficient concentration of strains of microorganisms. Cf. in this connection, for example, another of the previously mentioned places in the literature.

The rule according to the invention is based on the fact that, especially in the area of the so-called of old MKW loads, in principle, possible natural decomposition by remediation under on-site conditions with regard to soil composition, climate, etc. does not take place at all or practically. The principle according to the invention is further based on the task, also or precisely under the existing conditions here, it will be possible to clean the soil through remediation to substantial depths of the relevant layers of the earth, without the need for large-scale works and therefore expensive measures such as the already known excavation of the affected soil areas and their processing and on the ground under optimal climatic conditions.

Before thoroughly studying the measures according to the rules of the invention for the solution of the set tasks, it is necessary to point out a special feature, which is directly related to the understanding of the invention and the application of the measures according to the invention: samples of such typical areas of contamination, separated from each other and taken at an increasing vertical depth, show damage that is clearly characteristic of the pollution areas affected here. Especially long hydrocarbon compounds. chains and/or cyclic compounds of high molecular weight, which are characterized by particularly difficult decomposition, are enriched in the upper layers of the soil.

They connect to that - according to the granularity of the respective areas. soils - in this case considerable deep areas, which show an obviously easier migrating load of harmful substances. Even in the area of the water level, there can be significant concentrations of unwanted animal loads. These hydrocarbon compounds. obviously, considering the structure of the molecule and its size, they are capable of passing through the structure of the soil over longer periods of time. They appear, swim, on the surface of the groundwater and in the course of decades solidify on the soil particles, if they are not washed away by the groundwater. It is interesting, and ultimately understandable, the subsequent explanation of the insufficient remediation of those soil areas burdened by MKW: the great prevention of decomposition due to the hydrocarbon structure of comparably large KW-molecules in the upper layers of the earth naturally prevents the formation of layers of microorganisms that "devour" hydrocarbons, even though there would be comparably larger ones here amount of oxygen /from the air/ to promote the development of bacteria. As a rule, this obstacle is reinforced by the lack of natural nutrients, especially P and N. Relatively easier migrating KW components are introduced to such depths of the earth's soil that there is a significant lack of oxygen as well as in this case a lack of nutrient components.

Starting from these basic knowledge, the knowledge according to the invention proposes for the first time an extremely simple and therefore inexpensive procedure for large areas as well, a suitable procedure for removing MKW-pollution, whereby especially large areas of land - of any size - can be cleaned that are polluted by old wastes.

Subject of the invention

The subject of the invention is a procedure for simplified biological remediation of land surfaces of practically any size, which are contaminated with hydrocarbons based on mineral oils /MKW/ and especially old pollution, through treatment with nutrient concentrates and growth aids for accelerated planting and cultivation of microorganisms that destroy MKW. The method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that

a) after, if necessary, previous moistening/irrigation

b) in at least one work procedure, on one side the surface to be rehabilitated is deeply plowed

b2) and on the other hand, also in at least one work procedure, the nutrient concentrate in the form of a water-diluted emulsion and/or dispersion is applied and essentially evenly sprayed and

c) intensive irrigation at the end.

In one preferred embodiment, according to the invention, it is provided that at least the operating steps /a/, /b2/ and /c/ are repeated for longer periods of time. The best time intervals are between 1 and possibly 6 months. Thereby

In further preferred embodiments, it may be appropriate to additionally apply concentrates of microorganisms to the soil surface, which are capable of degrading MKW-compounds. In this case, the application of appropriate concentrates of microorganisms of natural origin can be a particularly important form of performance. For the supply of deeper layers of the earth or The cleaning of these layers from the existing MKW foresees the invention of a special form of performance, or forced irradiation of these deeper-lying soil formations and/or foresees the intake of chemically bound and released oxygen in the soil. The details will be discussed in the following presentation.

Details for applying the invention

The previously given definition of working procedures with the invention clarifies that here - according to the knowledge of the applicant - for the first time a technically uncomplicated attempt to remove MKW by remediation was proposed, that surfaces of practically any size of MKW pollution in terms of quantity and age can be treated under acceptable conditions of work and costs of undergoing biological remediation.

In particular, the following applies:

The soil area to be rehabilitated must be sufficiently moistened or irrigated. This preliminary work can be carried out by applying a natural process - rain -, but also by a simple method of artificial irrigation /sprinkling/. The surface of the earth, which has been compacted and scarred by the load that lasted for tens of years, should be plowed deep enough in the further work procedure. Preference is given to a depth of this plowing soil surface of at least 15 cm, but appropriate working depths of =/> preferably 30 cm are preferred. It is immediately understandable: the use of agricultural tools such as harrows, especially the use of plows, enable technologically simple execution of the prerequisites required by the invention for modifying the soil surface to be rehabilitated. In doing so, it can be of further advantage to ensure greater plowing depths, with the preference being given to depths of 50 to 80 cm or even more. And here it represents mechanization, which is available today, or The so-called technology Creating a grub /Grubbern/ is a technically simple possibility to fulfill such prerequisites.

The technical breaking up of the soil surface shown here leads to multiple optimization of cleaning results according to the invention through biological remediation. The plowed and turned soil material is available for air access, the existing channels of rainwater immersion in this upper soil area are destroyed, so that even wetting of this soil layer can be ensured. At the same time, it is a layer of soil that needs to be rehabilitated, in which MKW components, which are particularly difficult to decompose and relatively large areas, have concentrated and established themselves. The shown change in structure creates a completely new exit situation for the next biological remediation.

In addition, the invention envisages introducing the necessary nutrient concentrates for biological remediation into the earth's surface in at least one working process. This nutrient concentrate is applied in the form of dissolved in water or of diluted solutions, emulsions and/or dispersions, whereby evenly distributed spraying can be particularly expedient.

In the final procedure according to the invention, intensive irrigation follows. This, on the one hand, distributes the sprayed nutrient concentrate evenly over the plowed land, and on the other hand, primarily creates the possibility that portions of the nutrient concentrate penetrate lower into the parts of the soil that are not affected by mechanical processing.

The sequence of procedures shown here is distinguished by the fact that it is a combination of work procedures with /b1/ and /b2/ in different forms of performance and can be applied once or multiple times. Particularly important combinations of these working procedures for /b1/ and /b2/ are indicated in the following sequences:

In valid further forms of performance, either the working procedure /b1/ in/or the working step /b2/ is applied more than once, priority is given to double performance. This results in further possible and in the given case more suitable combinations of work for the application of these steps with /b1/ and /b2/ in the sense of the sequences /b1/ ⇒ /b2/ ⇒ /b1/ or /b2/ ⇒ /b1/ ⇒ /b2/.

The stages of irrigation in addition to /a/ and /c/ can be performed one and/or more times according to the invention. Work procedure /a/ can be omitted if the land is wet from rain. Likewise, subsequent irrigation will be unnecessary, when the application of the combination of nutrients according to /b2/ is done immediately before or during the rainy season.

Although the details of the multi-stage work with the products of the invention in each individual case may depend on the composition of the soil and/or the extent of MKW loading, it generally applies: single or multiple application of nutrient concentrates for biological remediation under suitable moisture conditions, as well as single or multi-stage rinsing according to work procedure /c/ are expedient and under advantages. The time interval between individual levels of repeated introduction of nutrients should be adapted to the existing conditions. As a rule, it amounts to at least 1 to 2 weeks, whereby working in longer periods of time, for example from 1 to 6 months, can be particularly convenient.

The number of repetitions of remediation measures according to the invention is determined in each individual case based on the given conditions. Today, regular monitoring of the content of harmful substances in various vertical layers of polluted soil provides information on whether and to what extent re-implementation of the procedures according to the invention is desirable or even necessary. In general, it has been shown that repeating the measures one to three times enables remediation even in the deeper layers of the soil, if there are no layers as barriers in the interior of the soil.

The growth of layers of microorganisms that destroy MKW under aerobic conditions is managed. as is known - and using the available oxygen. Here, especially in deeper areas, additional measures may be necessary, if there is known MKW-pollution here, on the one hand, and on the other hand, this KMW-pollution can be tolerated. According to the invention, known technical measures can be used here, which can help in such special cases. It is suitable, for example, to introduce the necessary oxygen into the working area in a bound form, especially superoxide. The industry has developed suitable products for these purposes and they are offered for free sale; It is generally referred to the product under the trade name "RENATox" of the company Degussa. It is also possible to force oxygen from the air into these soil layers, for example by building sufficiently deep suction shafts, from which the gaseous phase is pumped out, which forces the air flow through the surrounding soil formations. Reference is made, for example, to the publication of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, air 1460505, "Technologieregister zur Sanierung von Altlasten", B. Böhnke and K. Pöppinghaus, December 1990, especially on pages 31 and 32.

In this regard, it should be explained once again:

The invention is not strictly related to the treatment and cleaning of old MKW-based pollution to any depth or soil formation. The invention primarily aims to clean and prepare those areas that are affected by normal life circumstances such as plant growth, construction of buildings, etc. In this area with comparatively limited depth, a simple, and accordingly cheap and effective cleaning is necessary and is the primary goal invention.

In this regard, another possibility is pointed out, which elements of the invention according to procedures adapted to the care /intermediate phase/ support the surface to be cleaned:

Thus, for example, according to the invention, it may be convenient to plant the loosened surface of the soil that is being rehabilitated with plants with deep roots, as a typical example sunflower is mentioned. At the same time, instead of this example, plants can be planted on that surface, plants that generate N /nitrogen/ such as alfalfa, clover, or oilseed rape. In principle, representatives of the leguminous class are suitable in this case.

Further presentations deal with nutrients or mixtures of nutrients according to the invention, suitable for the cultivation of microorganisms for the destruction of MKW. In principle, everything that is scientifically known is valid, such as the already mentioned DE-A-42 18 243 in the literature. The publication of this DE-A-42 18 243 for the composition of suitable and particularly recommended nutrients or. the nutrient mixture is hereby expressly made the subject of this disclosure. In accordance with this, only excerpts from the publication are explicitly explained once again.

First of all, the content known in expert circles applies to the invention, the essence, that means for nutrient media can exist both on the basis of common fertilizers and/or be of natural origin and thus especially on the basis of the least hydrophilic components. Mixtures with at least partially present hydrophobic components and especially suitable P- and/or N compounds can certainly provide particular advantages here in the respective field of application. They can saturate the appropriate compounds of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) with the hydrophobic parts of the molecules, so that these molecules are deposited in the MKW-saturated soil layers.

The advantage of such interactions between pollutants in the soil that need to be "attacked" and nutrients or. the mixture of nutrients to promote the growth of bacteria suitable here is immediately clear: the growth of the necessary bacteria and thus the decomposition of MKW-based pollution takes place optimally. As a rule, such hydrophobized portions of nutrient mixtures are not washed down into the groundwater, while in a given case, the used or jointly used common inorganic and/or organic fertilizer ingredients of synthetic and/or natural origin are easily subject to such a fundamentally undesirable leaching process.

These hydrophobized substances contained in nutrient concentrates are applied in a manner known per se together with emulsifying and/or suspending aids, whereby this function may also belong to one or more additional components with the character of nutrients. Suitable additional components with emulsifying or auxiliaries for wetting based on alcoholglycolglucoside are known for their suspending action, more details can be found in the publication DE-A-42 18 243 mentioned above.

According to the invention, the preferred nutrient concentrates contain P and/or N compounds soluble in water and/or oil, in a mixture with further organic components soluble in water and/or oil, to which at least partially the character of a nutrient necessary for the growth of microorganisms can be added phagocyte of hydrocarbon compounds. Particularly suitable can be water-based preparations, which contain one ester of phosphoric acid as an emulsifier and a P-source, as well as, if desired, one or more water-dispersing N-sources. Nutrient concentrates containing 10 to 40% by weight of phosphoric acid esters with emulsifying action, 10 to 40% by weight of N-sources and the rest of water can be usefully used.

It is particularly convenient to use nutrient concentrates, which contain 20 to 30% by weight of phosphoric acid esters with emulsifying action, 15 to 30% by weight of N-sources and 0.5 to 5% by weight of nonionic surfactant compounds, as well as the rest containing water. Nutrient concentrates containing 20 to 30% by weight of phosphoric acid esters with emulsifying action, 15 to 30% by weight of N-sources and 0.5 to 5% by weight of nonionic surfactant compounds can be used with particular advantage, as well as water for the rest. Nutrient concentrates that contain phospholipids, alkyl phosphates and/or alkyl ether phosphates as phosphoric acid esters are suitable representatives in terms of treatment according to the invention. As a rule, the N-source exists in the form of inorganic and/or organically bound nitrogen, whereby the advantage is in urea as a source of N, which can be present in the mixture of nutrients, especially in amounts of approximately 10 to 50% by weight. Non-ionic surfactant compounds include the previously mentioned alkylglycoside compounds - produced primarily from straight-chain fatty alcohols with 8 to 24 C atoms and mono and/or oligoglucosides - further partial sugar esters of monocarbinic acids with 8 to 24 C atoms, sorbitaesters and/or biosurfactants of biological origin, into account. Examples are sophorose lipid, trehalose lipid and lipopeptides.

With reference to the specific publication DE-A-42 18 243, the elements which have priority, the elements of the invention are summarized here:

A special significance can be attributed to the applicable esters of phosphoric acid, which are purposefully chosen so that, on the one hand, they serve as a source of P, but at the same time they show the properties of emulsifier action. These phosphoric acid esters are accepted by microorganisms. Among the compounds used here, phospholipoids are of particular importance. Phosphorlipids are amphiphilic substances, which are obtained from plant or animal cells. Suitable phospholipids are glycerophospholipids, commonly referred to as lecithin. Known and applicable ingredients here are diacylphospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylglycerins, phosphatidylglycerinphosphates, diphosphatidylglycerin, N-aceylphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid. Monoacylpholipids, lysophosphatidicholines, lysophosphatidethanolamine, lysophosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylglycerophosphate, lysodiphosphatidylglycerol, lyso-n-aceylphosphatiylethanolamine and lysophosphatidic acid are preferred. Due to accessibility, the expert will primarily accept technically available phosphatidylglycerides, which are commercially available as vegetable or animal lecithins and Zephalins. These preparations are mostly obtained from oils, such as corn germ oil, cottonseed oil or soybean oil. Within the scope of the invention, the advantage is enzymatically hydrolyzed glycerophospholipids /enzymatically hydrolyzed lecithin/, which, based on the cleavage of one fatty acid ester, show a hydrophilic character.

Only those products that have lost the rest of their phosphoric acid through enzymatic hydrolysis are exempt.

In addition to or instead of the mentioned phospholipids, partial esters of phosphoric acid with fatty alcohols, especially with straight-chain fatty alcohols, can also be used as a source of P in nutrient concentrates. See publication DE-A-42 18 243 for details.

As a N-source, nutrient concentrates contain suitable compounds in the form of nitrogen and/or organically bound nitrogen. An advantage may be N-sources, which contain only organically bound nitrogen. Inorganic salts, such as alkali nitrate or nitrate, but also ammonium salts are suitable N-sources. Organic N-sources are, for example, aminocarboxylic acid, preferably of the glutamic acid type. It has proven to be particularly accessible for directing and improving the growth of microorganisms / uric acid / urea, which achieves a simultaneous conservation effect against unwanted bacterial attack, so that nutrient concentrates show great storage stability. If phospholipids are used as P-sources, the comparative application of an additional N-source can be waived, because the class of substances mentioned here contains both P and N.

For the simultaneous use of components of mixtures with surfactant action, cf. previously mentioned data, especially for alkylglycoside compounds, as well as special publication DE-A-42 18 243.

Surfactant compounds are usually found in the usual amounts of 0.5 to 5% by weight in the nutrient concentrate. As a rule, amounts of surfactant up to about 1% by weight are sufficient to achieve the desired initial stimulation of the growth of microorganisms and to accelerate it. Thus, surfactants based on alkylglycoside compounds can be used on occasion in the range of 0.5 to 1% by weight of the entire mixture - and to effectively improve the growth of microorganisms. For further details, especially suitable operating parameters, please refer to the German stationery already mentioned several times.

Nutrient concentrates are usually diluted with water 10- to 50-fold and introduced into the soil, in single or multiple amounts of 5 to 200 mg of contaminated soil.

Examples

Four experimental fields of approximately 30 m2 of land were chosen, which had been polluted with fuel for decades. The test fields consisted of up to three meters in depth from essentially well-permeable medium sandy parts with parts of gyno presk. The upper 20 cm of the soil layer were humus-treated. The annual applicable depth of groundwater lay on average at 2 meters.

Regarding the depth distribution to the groundwater level, the level of the concentration horizons of harmful substances could be determined, whereby the zones of the strongest contamination lay at a depth of 0.8 to 1.5 meters.

The following processing raster was chosen for soil remediation:

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Before that, natural biological decomposition was monitored for three years and based on the poor soil nutrients, as was to be expected, it barely progressed /Pokusno polje 4/.

At the beginning of the experiment, the following load values were obtained:

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After the reaction time from April to August, the following reductions of harmful substances were determined:

[image]

The results show that the natural decomposition can be significantly accelerated by adding suitable nutrients - a mixture of substances described in DE-A-4218243. This effect is as expected, particularly clear in the unsaturated zone of the soil, but also satisfactory in the saturated soil. Clearing existing vegetation on the ground - in this case herbaceous plants - does not bring any significant advantage and is recommended only in impassable areas. Furthermore, conventional agricultural fertilizers are shown to be unsuitable for promoting decomposition, as nutrients are washed away too quickly.

Claims (18)

1. A procedure for simplified biological remediation of soil surfaces of any size, which are polluted with mineral oil-based hydrocarbons /MKW/ and especially old loads, by processing nutrient concentrates for stimulation and growth assistance for accelerated planting and cultivation of microorganisms that destroy MKW , indicated by the fact that A) after, if necessary, previous soaking (abundant watering) B1) in at least one work process, on one side of the surface of the evil that needs to be rehabilitated, deep furrows and furrows. B2) and on the other hand, in at least one work procedure, the nutrient concentrate is introduced in the form of a water-diluted emulsion and/or dispersion, and at the same time, it is essentially evenly sprayed and C) after that he waters intensively. 2. The procedure according to claim 1, characterized in that the combination of work procedures (B1) and (B2) is performed in the form of one of the following sequences: (b1) ⇒ (b2); (b2) ⇒ (b1); (b1) ⇒ (b2) ⇒ (b1) or (b2) ⇒ (b1) ⇒ (b2). 3. The procedure according to requirements 1 or 2, indicated by the fact that in the working procedure (procedures) (b1) plowing and shifting of the soil surface of at least 15 cm, preferably =/ 30 cm, is carried out, while the corresponding measurement sizes of 50 to 80 cm have advantage. 4. The procedure according to claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that irrigation in addition to (a) and (c) can be done in one and/or more stages, whereby procedure (a) can be omitted, if the soil is wet from rain. 5. Procedures according to claims 1 to 4 characterized by the fact that the 1st and/or repeated irrigation according to step (c) is intensified in such a way as to ensure the penetration of the nutrient mixture into the loosened soil, but it is preferred if the mixture also penetrates into the deeper lying layers . 6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the working procedures (at least) procedures (a) (b2) and (c) are repeated at longer time intervals, with intervals of 1 to 6 months being preferred, and from the advantages are at least 1-3 repetitions. 7. The method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the used components of nutrients and especially the appropriate compounds of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are so equipped with hydrophobic molecular particles that these molecules are deposited in soil layers loaded with MKW. 8. The method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that in step (b2) applied nutrient concentrates contain auxiliaries for emulsification and/or suspension, whereby this function can be partially performed by one or more components with the property of nutrients, the advantage is if the appropriate components are at least partially contained in the nutrient concentrate. 9. The method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that alkyloligoglucosides are used in the nutrient concentrate as auxiliary agents for emulsification and wetting. 10. The method according to claims 1 to 9, indicated by the fact that nutrient concentrates are used, which contain compounds of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) soluble in water and/or oil compounds in mixing with further mixtures of organic components soluble in water and /or oil mixtures, which at least partially have a nutritional character for the growth of microorganisms that devour hydrocarbon compounds, whereby preference is given to aqueous solutions, which have one ester of phosphoric acid as an emulsifier and P-source, as well as one or more water-soluble or in water dispersing N-sources. 11. The method according to claims 1 to 10, indicated by the fact that nutrient concentrates are used, which contain 10 to 40% by weight of ester-phosphoric acid with emulsifying action, 10 to 40% by weight of N-sources, and the rest is water. 12. The method according to claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that nutrient concentrates containing 20 to 30% by weight of phosphoric acid esters with emulsifier action, 15 to 30% by weight of N-sources and 0.5 to 5% by weight of non-ionic theuside compounds are used, as well as for the rest of the water. 13. The method according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that nutrient concentrates are used, which contain phospholipids, allyl phosphates and/or alkyl ether phosphates as phosphoric acid esters. 14. The method according to claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that the nutrient concentrate contains an N-source in the form of inorganic and/or organically bound nitrogen, whereby urea is an advantageous N-source, which is especially in quantities of some 10 up to 50% by weight present in the mixture of nutrients. 15. The method according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the nutrient concentrates used contain, as nonionic surfactants, alkylglycoside compounds, produced primarily from straight chain fatty alcohols with 8 to 24 C-atoms and mono and/or oligoglycosides, partial sugar esters monocarboxylic acids with 8 to 24 C atoms, sorbitan esters and/or biosurfactants of biological origin such as sophoroselipides, trehaloselipides and lipopeptides. 16. The method according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the nutrient concentrates are diluted with water 10 to 50 times and introduced 1 to several times in amounts of 5 mg to 200 mg per g of pollution into the contaminated soil surface. 17. The method according to claims 1 to 16, indicated by the fact that concentrates of microorganisms are additionally applied to the soil surface, which microorganisms are capable of breaking down hydrocarbon compounds, and preference is given if they are of natural origin. 18. The method according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that additional aeration of deeper soil layers and/or intake of bound oxygen, which is released in the soil, is provided.