GR20150100472A - Polycrystalline silicon water with configured microstructures on their surfaces for improving solar absorption - Google Patents
Polycrystalline silicon water with configured microstructures on their surfaces for improving solar absorption Download PDFInfo
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- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- XJKVPKYVPCWHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Si] XJKVPKYVPCWHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910021425 protocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Δισκία Πολυκρυσταλλικού Πυριτίου με Διαμορφωμένες Μικροδομές στις Επιφάνειές τους για την Βελτίωση της Ηλιακής Απορρόφησης Polycrystalline Silicon Tablets with Shaped Microstructures on Their Surfaces to Improve Solar Absorption
Η εφεύρεση αναφέρεται σε δισκία πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με διαμορφωμένες μικροδομές (εξοχές ή εσοχές) στις επιφάνειές τους για την βελτίωση της ηλιακής απορρόφησης. The invention refers to polycrystalline silicon tablets (pc-Si) with shaped microstructures (protrusions or recesses) on their surfaces to improve solar absorption.
Φωτοαγωγιμότητα ονομάζεται η αυξημένη αγωγιμότητα που παρατηρείται σε ημιαγωγούς όταν προσπίπτει φως σε αυτά. Το φωτοβολτακό (ΦΒ) φαινόμενο προκύπτει όταν δύο φωτοαγώγιμα ημιαγώγιμα υλικά βρίσκονται σε επαφή και εκτίθενται στο φως. Photoconductivity is the increased conductivity observed in semiconductors when light is incident on them. The photovoltaic (PV) effect occurs when two photoconductive semiconductor materials are in contact and exposed to light.
Οι περισσότερες κατηγορίες φωτοβολτακών όπως και τα παρόντα πολυκρυσταλικού πυριτίου αποτελούνται από ένα ημιαγώγιμο στρώμα τύπου ρ στην οποία έχουμε περίσσια οπών και ένα ημιαγώγιμο στρώμα τύπου η στο οποίο έχουμε περίσσια ηλεκτρονίων. Το φωτοβολτακό φαινόμενο είναι αποτέλεσμα της δημιουργίας ελεύθερων ηλεκτρονικών φορέων (ηλεκτρονίων ή οπών) στο εσωτερικό των ημιαγώγιμων στρωμάτων και τη δημιουργία στην περιοχή της επαφής των δύο ημιαγώγιμων στρωμάτων ενός εσωτερικού ηλεκτρικού πεδίου που εξαναγκάζει τους φορείς να κινηθούν σε αντίθετες κατευθύνσεις. Most classes of photovoltaics, like the present polycrystalline silicon ones, consist of a p-type semiconductor layer in which we have an excess of holes and an n-type semiconductor layer in which we have an excess of electrons. The photovoltaic effect is a result of the creation of free electronic carriers (electrons or holes) inside the semiconducting layers and the creation in the area of contact of the two semiconducting layers of an internal electric field that forces the carriers to move in opposite directions.
Κατά καιρούς έχουν παρουσιαστεί διάφορες τεχνικές προτάσεις για την βελτίωση της φωτοαγωγιμότητας και την βελτίωση της απόδοσης των φωτοβολτακών. Various technical proposals have been presented from time to time to improve the photoconductivity and improve the efficiency of photovoltaics.
Στις εφευρέσεις US8895847 και US8686284 παρουσιάζονται δομές για βελτίωση της απορροφητικότητας του φωτός ενώ στην CN 104393118 παρουσιάζεται τεχνική επεξεργασίας της επιφάνειας κρυσταλλικού πυριτίου. In the inventions US8895847 and US8686284, structures are presented for improving the absorbency of light, while in CN 104393118, a technique for treating the crystalline silicon surface is presented.
Η προτεινόμενη εφεύρεση αναφέρεται στη δημιουργία μικροδομών (εξοχών ή εσοχών) στην επιφάνεια δισκίων πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) πάχους 100-200μιπ με επαφή p-n και με μεταλλικές οπισθοεπαφές πάχους περίπου ίσου με 1 μm. The proposed invention refers to the creation of microstructures (protrusions or recesses) on the surface of polycrystalline silicon tablets (pc-Si) with a thickness of 100-200 microns with a p-n contact and with metal back contacts of a thickness of approximately equal to 1 µm.
Με τη δημιουργία μικροδομών κατάλληλων διαστάσεων (τύπου κολονακίων ή οπών κυλινδρικής ή τετραγωνικής διατομής, κωνικού τύπου κολονάκια) μπορούμε να μειώσουμε την ανακλαστικότητα του φωτός από την επιφάνεια και έτσι να αυξήσουμε την απορρόφησή του εντός του πυριτίου. Τα κολονάκια ή και οι οπές κυκλικής διατομής παρουσιάζουν παρόμοια συμπεριφορά / απόδοση με τα κολονάκια τετραγωνικής διατομής. By creating microstructures of appropriate dimensions (pillar type or holes with a cylindrical or square cross-section, conical type pillars) we can reduce the reflectivity of light from the surface and thus increase its absorption within the silicon. Circular cross-section studs or holes show similar behavior / performance to square cross-section studs.
Η δημιουργία μικροδομών στην επιφάνεια του πυριτίου μπορεί να αυξήσει σημαντικά την απορρόφηση της ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ακτινοβολίας ενώ η δημιουργία δομών της τάξεως του 1 μm στην μεταλλική (πχ ασήμι, κλπ) οπισθοεπαφή παρουσιάζει σημαντική βελτίωση στην απορροφητικότητα του φωτός. The creation of microstructures on the silicon surface can significantly increase the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, while the creation of structures of the order of 1 μm on the metallic (eg silver, etc.) back contact shows a significant improvement in light absorption.
Η ελαχιστοποίηση της ανακλαστικότητας και ταυτόχρονη αύξηση της απορρόφησης αυξάνουν τον συντελεστή απόδοσης (ποσοστό μετατροπής ενέργειας ηλιακής ακτινοβολίας σε ηλεκτρική ενέργεια). Ακόμη και 1 % αύξηση του συντελεστή απόδοσης είναι σημαντικός γιατί διαφοροποιεί το φωτοβολτακό από τα υπάρχοντα με την προϋπόθεση ότι δεν αυξάνει σημαντικά το κόστος παραγωγής του. Minimizing reflectance and simultaneously increasing absorption increases the efficiency (rate of conversion of solar radiation energy into electrical energy). Even a 1% increase in the efficiency factor is important because it differentiates the photovoltaic from the existing ones provided that it does not significantly increase its production costs.
Χρησιμοποιώντας τεχνικές χαμηλού κόστους (όπως λιθογραφία αποτύπωσης -imprint lithography) οι μικροδομές της παρούσας εφεύρεσης μπορούν να ενσωματωθούν στην επικρατούσα μέθοδο παρασκευής φωτοβολτακού πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου. Έτσι δεν αναμένεται να αυξηθεί το κόστος τους ενώ ο συντελεστής απόδοσής τους θα αυξηθεί. Using low-cost techniques (such as imprint lithography) the microstructures of the present invention can be incorporated into the prevailing polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic manufacturing method. Thus, their cost is not expected to increase while their efficiency factor will increase.
Η εφεύρεση περιγράφεται παρακάτω με την βοήθεια παραδειγμάτων και με αναφορά στα συνημμένα σχέδια, στα οποία σχήματα τα δύο ημιαγώγιμα στρώματα (πυρίτιο τύπου p και n) δείχνονται σαν ένα (πχ 101 , 201 , 301 , κλπ) αφού οι οπτικές τους ιδιότητες (δείκτης διάθλασης) για τις οποίες ενδιαφερό μαστέ σε αυτή την εφεύρεση έχουν ελάχιστες διαφορές. The invention is described below with the help of examples and with reference to the attached drawings, in which figures the two semiconductor layers (p and n type silicon) are shown as one (eg 101 , 201 , 301 , etc.) since their optical properties (refractive index ) of interest in this invention have minimal differences.
Τα σχέδια 6 & 7 απεικονίζουν δισκία πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με μεταλλικές οπισθοεπαφές τα οποία αποτελούνται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου - Si3N4(603, 605, 703, 705) και μικροδομές τύπου κολονακίων (604) ή οπών (708) κυλινδρικής ή τετραγωνικής διατομής πάνω στο στρώμα του πυριτίου (601 , 701). Figures 6 & 7 illustrate polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) wafers with metallic back contacts consisting of an antireflective layer of silicon nitride - Si3N4 (603, 605, 703, 705) and microstructures of cylindrical pillar (604) or hole (708) type or square section on the silicon layer (601 , 701).
Τα σχέδια 2 & 3 απεικονίζουν δισκία πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με μεταλλικές οπισθοεπαφές τα οποία αποτελούνται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου - Si3N4(203, 303) με μικροδομές τύπου κολονακίων (204) ή οπών (304) κυλινδρικής ή τετραγωνικής διατομής στο αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα. Figures 2 & 3 show polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) wafers with metallic back contacts which consist of an anti-reflective layer of silicon nitride - Si3N4(203, 303) with columnar (204) or hole (304) type microstructures of cylindrical or square cross-section in anti-reflective layer.
Το σχέδιο 5 απεικονίζει δισκίο πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με μεταλλική οπισθοεπαφή το οποίο αποτελείται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου - Si3N4(503) με μικροδομές κωνικού τύπου κολονάκια (504) πάνω στο αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα. Figure 5 shows a polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) tablet with a metal back contact which consists of an anti-reflective layer of silicon nitride - Si3N4 (503) with conical pillar microstructures (504) on the anti-reflective layer.
Τα σχέδια 1 , 4 & 4a απεικονίζουν δισκία πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με μεταλλικές οπισθοεπαφές τα οποία αποτελούνται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώματα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου - Si3N4(103, 403, 403a) και διοξειδίου του πυριτίου - SiO2(104, 106, 404, 404a, 406) με μικροδομές τύπου κολονακίων (105, 405, 405a) κυλινδρικής ή τετραγωνικής διατομής πάνω στο στρώμα του νιτριδίου του πυριτίου (103, 403, 403a). Figures 1 , 4 & 4a depict polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) wafers with metal back contacts which consist of antireflective layers of silicon nitride - Si3N4(103, 403, 403a) and silicon dioxide - SiO2(104, 106, 404, 404a, 406) with pillar-type microstructures (105, 405, 405a) of cylindrical or square cross-section on the silicon nitride layer (103, 403, 403a).
Το σχέδιο 8 απεικονίζει δισκίο πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με μεταλλική οπισθοεπαφή το οποίο αποτελείται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου - Si3N4(803) και μικροδομές τύπου κολονακίων (804) κυλινδρικής ή τετραγωνικής διατομής μεταξύ του πυριτίου (801) και της οπισθοεπαφής (802). Figure 8 shows a polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) wafer with a metallic back contact which consists of an anti-reflection layer of silicon nitride - Si3N4 (803) and pillar-type microstructures (804) of cylindrical or square cross-section between the silicon (801) and the back contact ( 802).
Το σχέδιο 9 απεικονίζει δισκίο πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με μεταλλική οπισθοεπαφή το οποίο αποτελείται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου - Si3N4(903) και μικροδομές τύπου οπών (904) κυλινδρικής ή τετραγωνικής δ ιατομής μεταξύ του πυριτίου (901) και της οπισθοεπαφής (902). Figure 9 shows a polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) wafer with a metallic back contact which consists of an antireflective layer of silicon nitride - Si3N4 (903) and hole-like microstructures (904) of cylindrical or square cross-section between the silicon (901) and the back contact (902).
Το σχέδιο 6a απεικονίζει δισκίο πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) με μεταλλική οπισθοεπαφή το οποίο αποτελείται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώματα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου (603a) και διοξειδίου του πυριτίου - SiO2(604a, 607a) με μικροδομές τύπου κολονακίων (605a) κυλινδρικής ή τετραγωνικής διατομής πάνω στο στρώμα του πυριτίου (601a). Figure 6a shows a polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) tablet with a metallic back contact consisting of antireflective layers of silicon nitride (603a) and silicon dioxide - SiO2 (604a, 607a) with pillar-type microstructures (605a) of cylindrical or square cross-section on top in the silicon layer (601a).
Το σχέδιο 10 απεικονίζει την κάτοψη δισκίου πολυκρυσταλλικού πυριτίου (pc-Si) το οποίο αποτελείται από αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα νιτριδίου του πυριτίου - Si3N4με μικροδομές τύπου κολονακίων ή οπών κυλινδρικής διατομής ή μικροδομές κωνικού τύπου κολονάκια στο αντιανακλαστικό στρώμα. Figure 10 shows the top view of a polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) tablet which consists of an antireflective layer of silicon nitride - Si3N4 with microstructures of columnar or hole type of cylindrical cross-section or conical microstructures of pillars in the antireflective layer.
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