GB945040A - Improvements in the treatment of natural cellulose fabrics - Google Patents
Improvements in the treatment of natural cellulose fabricsInfo
- Publication number
- GB945040A GB945040A GB459/60A GB45960A GB945040A GB 945040 A GB945040 A GB 945040A GB 459/60 A GB459/60 A GB 459/60A GB 45960 A GB45960 A GB 45960A GB 945040 A GB945040 A GB 945040A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- methylenating
- fabric
- component
- acid
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- DERPLHOQFVEXGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethylamino)hydrazinyl]methanol Chemical compound C(O)NNNCO DERPLHOQFVEXGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 maleic Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005822 methylenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 abstract 1
- HFFLGKNGCAIQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetaldehyde Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C=O HFFLGKNGCAIQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
- D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
- D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/144—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
- D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/17—Glyoxal and polyaldehyde treatment of textiles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Natural cellulose fabrics, e.g. cotton, are creaseproofed by partially methylenating them so that they contain an average of one methylane crosslink for every 10-200 glucose residues, treating them with caustic soda solutions of at least 45 DEG TW for a time sufficient to cause decrystallization of the cellulose crystallites, removing the caustic within 60 seconds before appreciable fibre deconvolution occurs, impregnating them with a water soluble heat hardenable resin precondensate, e.g. a dimethylol triazane or ketane aldehyde precondensate, and fixing the resin in the fabric in the presence of a curing catalyst. In the methylenation reaction cross links of the formula <FORM:0945040/D1-D2/1> in which R represents a hydrogenation, an alkyl or substituted alkyl chain of no more than 5 carbon atoms or a cyclic substituent, are formed in the cellulose preferably by using as methylenating agent formaldehyde, glyoxal, acetaldehyde, chloral, benzoldehyde or furfural. The methylenating reaction may be catalysed by the use of a two component catalyst system, one component of which is an organic or inorganic acid or acid anhydride, e.g. maleic, tartaric, citric, hydrochloric, phospheric, itaconic or succinic acid, the other component being an acid salt of the Lewis acid type, e.g. aluminium chloride, strontium nitrate, tin chloride, zinc nitrate, aluminium acetate, magnesium nitrate, zirconium oxychloride or sodium bisulphate. The methylenating agent and catalyst may be applied from the same or different aqueous solutions which may also contain tinting agents, wetting agents, softeners and volatility inhibitors, e.g. isopropyl alcohol, and the fabric may then be dried and cured by heating. After impregnation with the solution of the heat hardenable resin precondensate the fabric may be subjected to mechanical treatments, e.g. calendering, pleating and compressive shrinking, prior to curing by heating, preferably using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as curing catalyst.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US76293458A | 1958-09-24 | 1958-09-24 | |
| US80485759A | 1959-04-17 | 1959-04-17 | |
| US804858A US3139322A (en) | 1958-09-24 | 1959-04-17 | Fabric resination |
| US838823A US3186954A (en) | 1958-09-24 | 1959-09-16 | Catalyst system for heat curing of fabrics |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB945040A true GB945040A (en) | 1963-12-18 |
Family
ID=27505693
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB32207/59A Expired GB936993A (en) | 1958-09-24 | 1959-09-22 | Catalyst and process for the heat curing of fabric |
| GB459/60A Expired GB945040A (en) | 1958-09-24 | 1960-01-06 | Improvements in the treatment of natural cellulose fabrics |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB32207/59A Expired GB936993A (en) | 1958-09-24 | 1959-09-22 | Catalyst and process for the heat curing of fabric |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US3139322A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH369103A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1236421A (en) |
| GB (2) | GB936993A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL247426A (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3287083A (en) * | 1961-06-30 | 1966-11-22 | Bancroft & Sons Co J | Formaldehyde modification of cellulose catalyzed by a lewis acid salt and formic acid generated in situ by a peroxide |
| US3374107A (en) * | 1963-08-14 | 1968-03-19 | West Point Pepperell Inc | Process for the treatment of textiles with aminoplasts |
| US3549419A (en) * | 1965-10-19 | 1970-12-22 | Du Pont | Catalytic method for cleaning soiled oven surfaces |
| US3890095A (en) * | 1967-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | American Cyanamid Co | Cellulosic textile finish with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone, zinc nitrate and a sequestering agent |
| US3634019A (en) * | 1967-09-14 | 1972-01-11 | Proctor Chemical Co Inc | Metal acetate-acidic catalyst system for cellulosic fabric treatment |
| CH235169D (en) * | 1968-03-16 | |||
| US3527658A (en) * | 1968-08-23 | 1970-09-08 | Us Agriculture | Low temperature catalysts for cellulose etherifications |
| US3765836A (en) * | 1970-03-04 | 1973-10-16 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for creaseproofing cellulose-containing fabric with glyoxal-urea-formaldehyde reaction product and a boron compound |
| US3731411A (en) * | 1971-06-11 | 1973-05-08 | Burlington Industries Inc | Process for producing durable press textiles |
| US3960482A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-06-01 | The Strike Corporation | Durable press process employing high mositure content fabrics |
| US3960483A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-06-01 | The Strike Corporation | Durable press process employing alkyl sulfonic or sulfuric acid |
| US4224030A (en) * | 1979-01-05 | 1980-09-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Durable press finishing treatment for cellulose textiles employing an aluminum acetate catalyst solution |
| EP1094133A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2001-04-25 | Stefan Graichen | Corrosion inhibitor comprising methylol melamine |
| CN101938964A (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2011-01-05 | 普拉泰克斯产品有限公司 | The improvement synthetic method that comprises the cotton sliver of cross-linked cellulose fibres and be used to produce these cross-linked cellulose fibres |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1223123A (en) * | 1916-09-05 | 1917-04-17 | Nathan Sulzberger | Method of packing catalytically-useful substances. |
| NL42697C (en) * | 1934-01-25 | |||
| US2181640A (en) * | 1935-08-26 | 1939-11-28 | Shell Dev | Process and products relating to production of valuable hydrocarbons |
| GB488095A (en) * | 1936-12-29 | 1938-06-29 | Heberlein & Co Ag | Process for the production of crease-proof textile material |
| BE437099A (en) * | 1938-12-07 | |||
| US2233402A (en) * | 1939-01-20 | 1941-03-04 | North American Rayon Corp | Process of stiffening regenerated cellulose |
| BE438129A (en) * | 1939-03-04 | |||
| US2412832A (en) * | 1943-10-30 | 1946-12-17 | Cluett Peabody & Co Inc | Textile material and method of preparing it |
| US2436076A (en) * | 1946-09-27 | 1948-02-17 | Cluett Peabody & Co Inc | Method of stabilizing against shrinkage textile materials of regenerated cellulose |
| US2530175A (en) * | 1946-09-27 | 1950-11-14 | Cluett Peabody & Co Inc | Stabilization of regenerated cellulose |
| US2525144A (en) * | 1948-08-26 | 1950-10-10 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Manufacture of improved solid phosphoric acid catalyst |
| NL81414C (en) * | 1950-01-17 | |||
| US2816887A (en) * | 1953-04-03 | 1957-12-17 | Hereules Powder Company | Lower fatty acid acylation of cellulose and catalyst therefor |
| US2774691A (en) * | 1954-09-21 | 1956-12-18 | Shell Dev | Treatment of textile materials and product |
| US2957746A (en) * | 1957-01-11 | 1960-10-25 | Nat Cotton Council Of America | Process of inducing a crease into creaseproofed cellulose fabrics by treating with an acid catalyst and hot pressing a crease in the treated area |
| US3018262A (en) * | 1957-05-01 | 1962-01-23 | Shell Oil Co | Curing polyepoxides with certain metal salts of inorganic acids |
-
0
- NL NL243632D patent/NL243632A/xx unknown
- NL NL247426D patent/NL247426A/xx unknown
-
1959
- 1959-04-17 US US804858A patent/US3139322A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1959-09-16 US US838823A patent/US3186954A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1959-09-22 GB GB32207/59A patent/GB936993A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-09-23 FR FR805839A patent/FR1236421A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-09-24 CH CH7860059A patent/CH369103A/en unknown
-
1960
- 1960-01-06 GB GB459/60A patent/GB945040A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1236421A (en) | 1960-07-15 |
| GB936993A (en) | 1963-09-18 |
| NL247426A (en) | |
| US3186954A (en) | 1965-06-01 |
| CH369103A (en) | 1963-05-15 |
| NL243632A (en) | |
| US3139322A (en) | 1964-06-30 |
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