US2036854A - Fireproofing textile material - Google Patents

Fireproofing textile material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2036854A
US2036854A US569350A US56935031A US2036854A US 2036854 A US2036854 A US 2036854A US 569350 A US569350 A US 569350A US 56935031 A US56935031 A US 56935031A US 2036854 A US2036854 A US 2036854A
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United States
Prior art keywords
materials
cellulose
treatment
fireproofing
volatile base
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Expired - Lifetime
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US569350A
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Dickie William Alexander
Hill Frank Brentnall
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
    • D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
    • D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
    • D06M11/71—Salts of phosphoric acids
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a treatment of textile materials in order to improve their resistance to fire.
  • efflcient fireproofing can be obtained for textile materials in general, and especially for cellulose derivative materials, by applying to the materials a substance or composition which, under the action of heat, will yield products which will extinguish a flame, and will also yield products which will hold the hot or charred material together.
  • Suitable compounds or compositions for earlying this invention into effect are the borates of volatile bases or mixtures of boric acid with salts having a volatile base, or of borates or phosphates with salts having a volatile base.
  • the salts of ammonia and especially the ammonium halides, such for example as ammonium bromide, are excellent examples of salts having a volatile base which may be employed in these mixtures.
  • ammonium phosphate and boric acid examples of compounds or compositions which may be used for fireproofing textile materials
  • ammonium phosphate and boric acid or of ammonium phosphate and ammonium borate and ammonium borate alone may be mentioned.
  • the best composition for use in fireproofing a cellulose derivative material has however been found to be a mixture of ammonium borate or phosphate with an ammonium halide such as ammonium bromide, the added ammonium halide appearing greatly to increase the flame extinguishing properties of the ammonium borate or phosphate.
  • the ammonium base may be replaced by another volatile base, for example an organic base.
  • This invention may be applied to the fireproofing of textile materials of all kinds.
  • textile materials of all kinds.
  • cellulose derivatives for example cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, or other cellulose ester, or ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, benzyl I cellulose or other cellulose ether.
  • An alternative method consists in employing the weighting metal compound, as for example stannic chloride, in a sufllcient concentration or at a sufllciently high temperature to swell the cellulose derivative or in employing a compound of the weighting metal which is itself a swelling agent, as for example stannic thiocyanate or stannic chlorothiocyanate.
  • the weighting treatment raises the ironing point of the material, and in conjunction with the fireprooflng treatment characteristic of the invention produces a greatly improved product.
  • Such weighting treatments may b e applied at any suitable time in relation to the application of the fireproofing treatment. Preferably, however, the weighting treatment is applied before the flreproofing treatment.
  • the treatments may be applied to the materials at any stage oi their production or treatment and may be applied together with other treatments.
  • the material to be treated is impregnated by immersion in a solution of the compound or composition to be applied, and is then wrung out and dried. Drying of the fabrics may take place for example on a stenter.
  • Other methods of impregnation, such for example as padding, printing or spraying may be employed.
  • Example 1 A cellulose acetate fabric is immersed for a short time in an aqueous solution containing 20% of ammonium bromide and 5% of ammonium borate. The fabric is wrung out and dried on a stenter. Instead of applying the fireproofing agents by a bath treatment they may conveniently be applied by a padding treatment.
  • Example 2 Previously scoured cellulose acetate fabric is entered and steeped for 1 hour with occasional turning in a bath maintained at about 20 C. containing 280 grams per litre of stannic chloride (SnCl4.5I-I2O) and 243 grams per litre of ammonium thiocyanate. It is then lifted, drained well and washed, first in two baths of cold water and then in two baths of water at 45 C. until free from soluble salts. The goods are then entered into a bath at C. containing 12% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, worked for hour, lift-
  • Example 3 Previously scoured cellulose acetate fabric is entered into a bath at 20 0.
  • Example 2 containing 280 grams of stannic chloride and 182 grams of ammonium thiocyanate per litre. After steeping for 1 hour with occasional turning the goods are lifted, drained, washed and further treated as described in Example 2 for the fixation of the tin compound. After rinsing the goods are padded with an aqueous liquor containing 15% of ammonium bromide and 10% of ammonium phosphate. They are then dried as described in Example 1.
  • Process for the treatment of materials comprising organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base.
  • Process for the treatment of materials comprising cellulose acetate which comprises applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base.
  • Process for the treatment of materials comprising cellulose esters which comprlses applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base, and which also comprises the step of saponifying the materials.
  • Process for the treatment of materials comprising cellulose acetate which comprises applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected, from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base, and which also comprises the step of saponifying the materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Description

I Patented 1936 UNITED STATES mnnrnoorme TEXTILE MATERIAL William Alexander Dickie and Frank Brentnall Hill, Spondon, near Derby, England, assignors to Celanese Corporation oi America,'a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 16, 1931, Serial 5Glaims.
This invention relates to a treatment of textile materials in order to improve their resistance to fire.
One of the most important points to be considered in dealing with a textile material .is to remove or lessen the danger of fire either from the infiammability of the material itself or from hot or burning pieces of the material igniting other objects. A number of substances have been used in order to render textile materials fireproof", and a considerable degree of. success has been obtained. The difficulty of obtaining efiicient fireproofing is however increased in dealing with fabrics made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose. These derivatives of cellulose are not usually considered highly inflammable, but at the same time there is added a danger that drops of the molten burning material may ignite other inflammable materials.
It has now been found that efflcient fireproofing can be obtained for textile materials in general, and especially for cellulose derivative materials, by applying to the materials a substance or composition which, under the action of heat, will yield products which will extinguish a flame, and will also yield products which will hold the hot or charred material together.
Suitable compounds or compositions for earlying this invention into effect are the borates of volatile bases or mixtures of boric acid with salts having a volatile base, or of borates or phosphates with salts having a volatile base. .The salts of ammonia and especially the ammonium halides, such for example as ammonium bromide, are excellent examples of salts having a volatile base which may be employed in these mixtures.
As examples of compounds or compositions which may be used for fireproofing textile materials mixtures of ammonium phosphate and boric acid, or of ammonium phosphate and ammonium borate and ammonium borate alone may be mentioned. The best composition for use in fireproofing a cellulose derivative material has however been found to be a mixture of ammonium borate or phosphate with an ammonium halide such as ammonium bromide, the added ammonium halide appearing greatly to increase the flame extinguishing properties of the ammonium borate or phosphate. In any of the above compounds or mixtures the ammonium base may be replaced by another volatile base, for example an organic base.
This invention may be applied to the fireproofing of textile materials of all kinds. Thus for example cotton, jute, regenerated cellulose or In Great Britain December 20,
other cellulosic materials, wool or silk materials may be treated but the process is of greatest value for fireproofing materials made wholly or in part of cellulose derivatives, for example cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, or other cellulose ester, or ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, benzyl I cellulose or other cellulose ether.
In the caseof treating materials made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose, such as those mentionedabove, improved results may be obtained by combining the fireproofing treatment of the present invention with a treatment designed to. weight the material with a suitable insoluble metallic compound, as for example a phosphate, silicate or other compound of tin. Such weighting treatments are in general carried out by introducing the metallic radicle necessary for the formation of the weighting compound under such conditions that swelling of the cellulose derivative occurs. Such swelling may take place in the weighting metal bath itself or in a pretreatment applied for the specific purpose. Thus suitable swelling agents may be applied to the materials before or together with the weighting metal solution, as for example stannic chloride. Thiocyanates are very suitable for this purpose. An alternative method consists in employing the weighting metal compound, as for example stannic chloride, in a sufllcient concentration or at a sufllciently high temperature to swell the cellulose derivative or in employing a compound of the weighting metal which is itself a swelling agent, as for example stannic thiocyanate or stannic chlorothiocyanate. The weighting treatment raises the ironing point of the material, and in conjunction with the fireprooflng treatment characteristic of the invention produces a greatly improved product. Such weighting treatments may b e applied at any suitable time in relation to the application of the fireproofing treatment. Preferably, however, the weighting treatment is applied before the flreproofing treatment.
Again in the flreprooflng of materials made of or containing a cellulose ester additional safeguards may also be applied, for example by subjecting the cellulose ester material to a partial or superficial saponification, e g. to an extent corresponding to a loss of 3% of the weight of the fibre.
The treatments may be applied to the materials at any stage oi their production or treatment and may be applied together with other treatments.
to its being made up into fabric, it may be applied to the fabric, or to an article made from the fabric.
According to one mode of carrying the invention into efiect the material to be treated is impregnated by immersion in a solution of the compound or composition to be applied, and is then wrung out and dried. Drying of the fabrics may take place for example on a stenter. Other methods of impregnation, such for example as padding, printing or spraying may be employed.
The following examples illustrate the invention but are not to be considered as limiting it in any way. In particular considerable variations may be made in the proportions of fireproofing substances applied and in the concentrations in which they are applied.
Example 1 A cellulose acetate fabric is immersed for a short time in an aqueous solution containing 20% of ammonium bromide and 5% of ammonium borate. The fabric is wrung out and dried on a stenter. Instead of applying the fireproofing agents by a bath treatment they may conveniently be applied by a padding treatment.
Example 2 Previously scoured cellulose acetate fabric is entered and steeped for 1 hour with occasional turning in a bath maintained at about 20 C. containing 280 grams per litre of stannic chloride (SnCl4.5I-I2O) and 243 grams per litre of ammonium thiocyanate. It is then lifted, drained well and washed, first in two baths of cold water and then in two baths of water at 45 C. until free from soluble salts. The goods are then entered into a bath at C. containing 12% of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, worked for hour, lift- Example 3 Previously scoured cellulose acetate fabric is entered into a bath at 20 0. containing 280 grams of stannic chloride and 182 grams of ammonium thiocyanate per litre. After steeping for 1 hour with occasional turning the goods are lifted, drained, washed and further treated as described in Example 2 for the fixation of the tin compound. After rinsing the goods are padded with an aqueous liquor containing 15% of ammonium bromide and 10% of ammonium phosphate. They are then dried as described in Example 1.
What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:--
1. Process for the treatment of materials comprising organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base.
2. Process for the treatment of materials comprising cellulose acetate which comprises applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base.
3. Process for the treatment of materials comprising cellulose esters which comprlses applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base, and which also comprises the step of saponifying the materials.
4. Process for the treatment of materials comprising cellulose acetate which comprises applying a weighting treatment to the said materials and then applying to the said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected, from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base, and which also comprises the step of saponifying the materials.
5. In a process for the manufacture of mate rials comprising organic derivatives of cellulose,
which the materials are weighted with an i 'soluble metal compound, the step which consists in applying to said materials a halide of a volatile base and a substance selected from the group consisting of a phosphate of a volatile base and a borate of a volatile base.
WILLIAM ALEXANDER DICKIE. FRANK BRENTNALL HILL.
US569350A 1930-12-20 1931-10-16 Fireproofing textile material Expired - Lifetime US2036854A (en)

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GB3857/32A GB371461A (en) 1930-12-20 1930-12-20 Improvements in the treatment of filamentary and other products

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415112A (en) * 1943-01-27 1947-02-04 Celanese Corp Flame and fireproofing of textile materials
US2488587A (en) * 1945-06-07 1949-11-22 Celanese Corp Process for treating organic substitution derivative of cellulose textile materials
US3398019A (en) * 1963-02-21 1968-08-20 Monsanto Co Method for fireproofing cellulosic material
US4239670A (en) * 1978-09-08 1980-12-16 Witco Chemical Company Flame retardant latexes
US6242524B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2001-06-05 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Binder for non-woven fabric

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB589007A (en) * 1945-03-14 1947-06-09 Thomas Jackson Improvements in stretching filaments made of organic derivatives of cellulose
DE1031190B (en) * 1954-01-13 1958-05-29 Karl Wagler Wet spinning machine

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415112A (en) * 1943-01-27 1947-02-04 Celanese Corp Flame and fireproofing of textile materials
US2488587A (en) * 1945-06-07 1949-11-22 Celanese Corp Process for treating organic substitution derivative of cellulose textile materials
US3398019A (en) * 1963-02-21 1968-08-20 Monsanto Co Method for fireproofing cellulosic material
US4239670A (en) * 1978-09-08 1980-12-16 Witco Chemical Company Flame retardant latexes
US6242524B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2001-06-05 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Binder for non-woven fabric
US6344514B2 (en) 1999-06-02 2002-02-05 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Binder for non-woven fabric

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GB371461A (en) 1932-04-20

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