US1884623A - Process of partial saponification of cellulose ester material and product thereof - Google Patents
Process of partial saponification of cellulose ester material and product thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1884623A US1884623A US303600A US30360028A US1884623A US 1884623 A US1884623 A US 1884623A US 303600 A US303600 A US 303600A US 30360028 A US30360028 A US 30360028A US 1884623 A US1884623 A US 1884623A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- cellulose
- saponified
- product
- immediately
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 25
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 44
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/22—Effecting variation of dye affinity on textile material by chemical means that react with the fibre
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
- D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- D06M11/385—Saponification of cellulose-acetate
Definitions
- the textile material to be treated may be in the form of yarns but is preferably in the form of a fabric containing yarns of the organic ester of cellulose.
- Any suitable organic ester of cellulose may be employed such as cellulose acetate, cellulose formats, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate.
- the fabrics need not consist wholly of yarns of organic esters of cellulose but may also be a mixed fabric containing yarns of organic esters of cellulose and also yarns of other material. Examples of such mixed fabrics are mixed cellulose acetate and cotton, mixed Application filed September 1, 1923. v Serial No. 303,600.
- the alkaline solution employed may be of any suitable concentration and may be applied in such quantities that an amount of alkali equivalent to 3 to 12 and preferably 3 to 7% of caustic soda based on the weight of the organic ester remains on the textile material.
- the quantity of solution applied is to 100% by weight of the organic ester of cellulose material. Therefore if say, an amount of solution equal to 50% of the weight of the textile material is to be applied, and it is desired that the textile material retain 6% of its weight of caustic soda, then a caustic soda solution of 12% concentration will be applied.
- the fabric isthen immediately dried in a quick manner.
- a convenient method is to pass the fabric around rotating heated drums or cans.
- Another method is to place the fabric in a heated atmosphere. Generally, temperatures of C. to C. will be employed for drying the fabric.
- the fabric may then be dyed or submitted to any desired process.
- the textile ma terial should be thoroughly washed to remove all traces of sodium or potassium acetate that is formed during the saponification process before such material is used, since we have found that the presence of such acetate lowered the temperature at which the fabric scorches.
- the fabric treated by our invention is made of fibres of cellulose esters which is intensely saponified on the surface of the fibres.
- This is meant that only the outer skin or layer of the fibre is saponified to substantially completely reconstituted cellulose, while the interior of the fibre consists of practically unaffected organic ester of cellulose.
- a textile material comprisi'ng yarns of acetone soluble cellulose acetate is treated by our invention so that it suffers a loss of weight of say 6% by the saponification, the resultant product is almost completely soluble in acetone, whereas a cellulose acetate of corresponding acetylvalue which is not saponified on the surface is not soluble in acetone.
- the fabric when treated by our invention dyes very uniformly and level, and may be dyed with dyes that have an afiinity for either organic esters of cellulose or for cotton.
- Organic ester of cellulose fabric when saponified in the old manner produces uneven dyeing.
- thickening agents such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth, British gum, etc., may be added to the alkaline solution that is padded onto the organic ester of cellulose material.
- Example is arranged so that the fabric picks up :n amount of caustic soda solution equal to its own weight.
- the fabric is then passed immediately over and around rotating drums or cans that are heated to about 70 C. until the fabric is dry. When heavier fabrics are treated, it is advisable to cover the first drum or can with cotton cloth to prevent sticking.
- the fabric may then be immediately dyed or'printed, after which it is thoroughly washed to remove the last traces of sodium acetate.
- the fabric so treated has a high safe ironing point usually above 270 C. and has been saponified to the extent of about 5 loss of weight. It will be seen that this process is rapid, simple and extremely economical.
- Method of increasing the safe ironing point of a fabric containing cellulose acetate comprising padding thereon an aqueous alkaline sapomfying agent in such amount as to contain alkali corresponding to 3 to 12 per cent of caustic soda based on the weight of the fabric and immediately and quickly drying the same.
- Method of treating fabrics containing yarns of organic esters of cellulose comprising padding an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent onto such fabric in such manner that alkali in amounts equivalent to 3 to 12 per cent of caustic soda based on the weight of the fabric is applied to the fabric, immediately drying the fabric on heated surfaces and then thoroughly washing said fabric, whereby the safe ironing oint of the fabric is materially increased an the yarns thereof are intensely saponified on the surface.
- Method of treating fabrics containing yarns of cellulose acetate comprising padding an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent onto such fabric in such manner that alkali in amounts equivalent to 3 to 12 per cent of caustic soda based on the weight of the fabricis applied to the fabric, immediately drying the fabric on heated surfaces and then thoroughly washing said fabric, whereby the safe ironing point of the fabric is materially increasedand the yarns thereof are intensely saponified on the surface.
- Method of treating textile materials containing organic esters of cellulose comprising applying thereto a limited quantity of an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent and immediately and quickly drying the same on heated surfaces.
- Method of treating textile materials containing cellulose acetate comprising applying thereto a limited quantity of an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent and immediately and quickly drying the same on heated surfaces.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Description
' Patented Oct. 25, 1932 ,No Drawing.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CAMILLE DREYFUS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,
AND HERBERT IPLAI'T, OF CUMBERLAND,
MARYLAND, ASSIGNQRS TO CELANESE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, A CORPORA- TION OF DELAWARE PROCESS OF PARTIAL SAPONIFICA'IION F CELLULOSE ESTER MATERIAL AND PRODUCT THEREOF .faces of the fibres thereof only. Other objects of our invention Will appear from the following detailed description. Heretofore it has been proposed to saponify organic ester of cellulose material in 3 order to alter its dyeing properties. However the prior processes of saponification saponified or tended to saponify the fibres throughout the whole mass thereof, so that the safe ironing point would not be raised unless the organic ester material were completely or heavily saponified. Moreover by. the former processes, the organic ester material would dye unevenly.
We have found that if textile materials containing organic esters of cellulose are treated with a limited quantity of an alkaline solution, and the same is quickly heated, in-
tense saponification on the surface of the fibres of a material takes place, whereby the safe ironing point is raised and the textile material may dye evenly.
In accordance with our treatment we treat textile materials containing organic esters of cellulose by padding or otherwise applying a limited quantity of a solution of alkaline material and then quickly drying the so treated material.
The textile material to be treated may be in the form of yarns but is preferably in the form of a fabric containing yarns of the organic ester of cellulose. Any suitable organic ester of cellulose may be employed such as cellulose acetate, cellulose formats, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate. The fabrics need not consist wholly of yarns of organic esters of cellulose but may also be a mixed fabric containing yarns of organic esters of cellulose and also yarns of other material. Examples of such mixed fabrics are mixed cellulose acetate and cotton, mixed Application filed September 1, 1923. v Serial No. 303,600.
do not produce the desired result. The alkaline solution employed may be of any suitable concentration and may be applied in such quantities that an amount of alkali equivalent to 3 to 12 and preferably 3 to 7% of caustic soda based on the weight of the organic ester remains on the textile material. Usually the quantity of solution applied is to 100% by weight of the organic ester of cellulose material. Therefore if say, an amount of solution equal to 50% of the weight of the textile material is to be applied, and it is desired that the textile material retain 6% of its weight of caustic soda, then a caustic soda solution of 12% concentration will be applied.
After the alkaline solution has been padded on the fabric, the fabric isthen immediately dried in a quick manner. A convenient method is to pass the fabric around rotating heated drums or cans. Another method is to place the fabric in a heated atmosphere. Generally, temperatures of C. to C. will be employed for drying the fabric.
After this treatment, the fabric may then be dyed or submitted to any desired process. However it is important that the textile ma terial should be thoroughly washed to remove all traces of sodium or potassium acetate that is formed during the saponification process before such material is used, since we have found that the presence of such acetate lowered the temperature at which the fabric scorches.
The fabric treated by our invention is made of fibres of cellulose esters which is intensely saponified on the surface of the fibres. By this is meant that only the outer skin or layer of the fibre is saponified to substantially completely reconstituted cellulose, while the interior of the fibre consists of practically unaffected organic ester of cellulose. This is indicated by the fact that if a textile material comprisi'ng yarns of acetone soluble cellulose acetate is treated by our invention so that it suffers a loss of weight of say 6% by the saponification, the resultant product is almost completely soluble in acetone, whereas a cellulose acetate of corresponding acetylvalue which is not saponified on the surface is not soluble in acetone. Moreover if textile materials containing organic esters of cellulose are treated by other methods of saponification such as treatment with gaseous ammonia or alcoholic solutions of caustic soda whereby the interior of the fibres is also saponified, such material must be saponified to such an extent as to lose or 60% of its acidyl value before its safe ironing point is raised appreciably. On the other hand by our method we produce fibres containing organic esters of cellulose which have been saponified only 3 to 7% or more, as measured y the loss of weight during the saponification, which fabric has a safe ironing point that is raised or C. or more. Thus when a cellulose acetate fabric having a safe ironing point of 220 C. is treated by our process, its safe ironing point is raised to 260 (3., 290 C. or more.
Fabrics when partially saponified by our process, apart from the enormous aconomic advantage of our new processes, wet out in a much shorter time than do untreated fabrics of organic ester of cellulose, which is a further great advantage in dyeing, washing and other processes. Moreover they may be dyed very easily and without creases, while untreated fabrics require a longer time to dye,
and special machinery or special care must be employed for dyeing the untreated fabric to avoid creases. The fabric when treated by our invention dyes very uniformly and level, and may be dyed with dyes that have an afiinity for either organic esters of cellulose or for cotton. Organic ester of cellulose fabric when saponified in the old manner produces uneven dyeing.
If desired, thickening agents such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth, British gum, etc., may be added to the alkaline solution that is padded onto the organic ester of cellulose material.
In order further to illustrate our invention the following specific example is given by way of illustration without limiting the scope thereof.
Example is arranged so that the fabric picks up :n amount of caustic soda solution equal to its own weight.
The fabric is then passed immediately over and around rotating drums or cans that are heated to about 70 C. until the fabric is dry. When heavier fabrics are treated, it is advisable to cover the first drum or can with cotton cloth to prevent sticking. The fabric may then be immediately dyed or'printed, after which it is thoroughly washed to remove the last traces of sodium acetate. The fabric so treated has a high safe ironing point usually above 270 C. and has been saponified to the extent of about 5 loss of weight. It will be seen that this process is rapid, simple and extremely economical.
It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of our invention.
Having described our invention what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. Method of treating textile materials containing organic esters of cellulose comprising applying thereto a limited quantity of an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent and immediately and quickly drying the same.
2. Method of treating textile materials containing cellulose acetate applying thereto a limited quantity of an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent and immediately and quickly drying the same.
3. Method of increasing the safe ironing point of a fabric containing an organic ester of cellulose comprising padding thereon an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent in such amount as to contain alkali corresponding to 3 to 12 per cent of caustic soda based on the wei ht of the fabric and immediately and quic ly drying the same.
4. Method of increasing the safe ironing point of a fabric containing cellulose acetate comprising padding thereon an aqueous alkaline sapomfying agent in such amount as to contain alkali corresponding to 3 to 12 per cent of caustic soda based on the weight of the fabric and immediately and quickly drying the same.
5. Method of treating fabrics containing yarns of organic esters of cellulose comprising padding an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent onto such fabric in such manner that alkali in amounts equivalent to 3 to 12 per cent of caustic soda based on the weight of the fabric is applied to the fabric, immediately drying the fabric on heated surfaces and then thoroughly washing said fabric, whereby the safe ironing oint of the fabric is materially increased an the yarns thereof are intensely saponified on the surface.
6. Method of treating fabrics containing yarns of cellulose acetate comprising padding an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent onto such fabric in such manner that alkali in amounts equivalent to 3 to 12 per cent of caustic soda based on the weight of the fabricis applied to the fabric, immediately drying the fabric on heated surfaces and then thoroughly washing said fabric, whereby the safe ironing point of the fabric is materially increasedand the yarns thereof are intensely saponified on the surface.
7. Method of treating textile materials containing organic esters of cellulose comprising applying thereto a limited quantity of an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent and immediately and quickly drying the same on heated surfaces.
8. Method of treating textile materials containing cellulose acetate comprising applying thereto a limited quantity of an aqueous alkaline saponifying agent and immediately and quickly drying the same on heated surfaces.
In testimony whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.
-CAMILLE DREYFUS.
HERBERT PLATT.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE362600D BE362600A (en) | 1928-07-28 | ||
| US303600A US1884623A (en) | 1928-09-01 | 1928-09-01 | Process of partial saponification of cellulose ester material and product thereof |
| GB2331029A GB316521A (en) | 1928-07-28 | 1929-07-29 | Improvements in the treatment of materials containing cellulose esters |
| GB2664129A GB318468A (en) | 1928-07-28 | 1929-09-02 | Improvements in the treatment of materials containing cellulose esters |
| GB930330A GB351417A (en) | 1928-07-28 | 1930-03-24 | Improvements in or relating to materials made of or containing organic esters of cellulose |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US303600A US1884623A (en) | 1928-09-01 | 1928-09-01 | Process of partial saponification of cellulose ester material and product thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1884623A true US1884623A (en) | 1932-10-25 |
Family
ID=23172839
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US303600A Expired - Lifetime US1884623A (en) | 1928-07-28 | 1928-09-01 | Process of partial saponification of cellulose ester material and product thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1884623A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2998631A (en) * | 1955-11-22 | 1961-09-05 | Polymark Int Ltd | Preparation and use of tabs or marking labels containing yarns of partially saponified cellulose acetate |
-
1928
- 1928-09-01 US US303600A patent/US1884623A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2998631A (en) * | 1955-11-22 | 1961-09-05 | Polymark Int Ltd | Preparation and use of tabs or marking labels containing yarns of partially saponified cellulose acetate |
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