GB759694A - Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for carrying out processes for the treatment of objects and materials employing electric glow discharges - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for carrying out processes for the treatment of objects and materials employing electric glow discharges

Info

Publication number
GB759694A
GB759694A GB1823251A GB1823251A GB759694A GB 759694 A GB759694 A GB 759694A GB 1823251 A GB1823251 A GB 1823251A GB 1823251 A GB1823251 A GB 1823251A GB 759694 A GB759694 A GB 759694A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
atmosphere
duration
pulses
pressure
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB1823251A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of GB759694A publication Critical patent/GB759694A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
    • H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
    • H01J37/32018—Glow discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

A method of treating objects and materials, e.g. nitriding steel, with an electric glow discharge comprises periodically varying the electrical energy supply and for the atmosphere in which the discharge takes place, selecting the nature of the variation to be made-for example the current and/or voltage of the supply or the pressure and/or nature of the atmosphere, and regulating the duration of a complete cycle of variation and the duration of the portion of the cycle during which the treatment is fully effective. In one embodiment the voltage and/or current can be supplied in the form of pulses, the duration of the interval being at least equal to the duration of the pulse, i.e. the fully effective portion of the cycle, which may be from 0,1 to 10 secs. The pulses of voltage and current can be produced by periodically interrupting, by means of rotating contact discs and cam discs operating switches, the electrical power delivered from a dynamo, mercury vapour rectifier, dry rectifier or contact rectifier, or by using thyratrons or ignitrons. In another embodiment which can be used either separately or in conjunction with the first embodiment the atmosphere is periodically varied by allowing the pressure to pulsate by means of a needle valve being periodically opened or closed by automatic devices. The pulsation period can be of the order of magnitude of minutes. Quantities of rare gases such as argon can be introduced rhythmically between the pulses and it is not essential to replace the whole of the atmosphere such as hydrogen, ammonia, metallic vapours, &c., by other gases, vapours or mixtures thereof between the pulses of pressure. The progress of the treatment, e.g. the temperature of the object being treated, can be used to automatically vary the electrical energy supply or the pressure or composition of the atmosphere. In a specific example nitriding of steel was effective in 15 hours in an atmosphere of ammonia at a pressure of 6-15 mms., using a glow discharge consisting of 550 volt pulses having a duration of 0,1-0,2 secs with intervals of 0,4-1,4 secs at a voltage of 350, with alternate specific loadings of 2-20 watts per sq. cm., to form a nitrided layer of 0,4 to 0,5 mm. thick. The diffusion of gases into the surface of chromium plated upon steel, the degassing of metals, and the separating out of impurities such as sulphur and phosphorus is referred to.
GB1823251A 1950-08-03 1951-08-01 Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for carrying out processes for the treatment of objects and materials employing electric glow discharges Expired GB759694A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH291360T 1950-08-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB759694A true GB759694A (en) 1956-10-24

Family

ID=32315181

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB1823251A Expired GB759694A (en) 1950-08-03 1951-08-01 Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for carrying out processes for the treatment of objects and materials employing electric glow discharges

Country Status (5)

Country Link
CH (1) CH291360A (en)
DE (1) DE904491C (en)
FR (1) FR1053916A (en)
GB (1) GB759694A (en)
NL (2) NL91406C (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3411938A (en) * 1964-08-07 1968-11-19 Sperry Rand Corp Copper substrate cleaning and vapor coating method
US4460415A (en) * 1981-09-30 1984-07-17 Kymi Kymmene Oy Method for nitriding materials at low pressures using a glow discharge
US4900371A (en) * 1986-10-29 1990-02-13 The Electricity Council Method and apparatus for thermochemical treatment
EP1612290A1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-01-04 METAPLAS IONON Oberflächenveredelungstechnik GmbH Process and apparatus for gaseous nitriding of a workpiece and workpiece.

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH342980A (en) * 1950-11-09 1959-12-15 Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst Process for the diffusion treatment of pipes made of iron and steel or their alloys
BE526527A (en) * 1953-02-17
DE1135112B (en) * 1956-04-10 1962-08-23 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Glow discharge vessel with alternating current supply for high-current discharges for the treatment of bodies placed in the vessel
DE1204047B (en) * 1957-04-10 1965-10-28 Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst Process for the diffusion treatment of bodies
US3096221A (en) * 1959-09-15 1963-07-02 To A Kako Kabushiki Kaisha Method of quick nitrification in which fluidized particles are employed
CH545859A (en) * 1970-09-08 1974-02-15
CH551496A (en) * 1970-09-21 1974-07-15 Berghaus Bernhard Elektrophysi PROCESS FOR STRENGTHENING THE SURFACE OF WORKPIECES MADE OF IRON AND STEEL.
FR2379615A1 (en) * 1977-02-08 1978-09-01 Vide & Traitement Sa THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENT PROCESS OF METALS
DE3010314C2 (en) * 1980-03-18 1982-01-07 Beerwald, Hans, Dr.Rer.Nat., 5370 Kall Process for the internal coating of electrically non-conductive pipes by means of gas discharges
FR2501727A1 (en) * 1981-03-13 1982-09-17 Vide Traitement PROCESS FOR THE THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF METALS BY ION BOMBING
GB2100023B (en) * 1981-06-05 1985-01-09 Aizenshtein Anatoly Gdalievich Method of control of chemico-thermal treatment of workpieces in glow discharge and a device for carrying out the same
FR2518354A1 (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-06-17 Atelier Electro Thermie Const PROCESS FOR GENERATING PLASMA AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD
DE4238993C1 (en) * 1992-01-20 1993-07-01 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh, 5000 Koeln, De

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3411938A (en) * 1964-08-07 1968-11-19 Sperry Rand Corp Copper substrate cleaning and vapor coating method
US4460415A (en) * 1981-09-30 1984-07-17 Kymi Kymmene Oy Method for nitriding materials at low pressures using a glow discharge
US4900371A (en) * 1986-10-29 1990-02-13 The Electricity Council Method and apparatus for thermochemical treatment
EP1612290A1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-01-04 METAPLAS IONON Oberflächenveredelungstechnik GmbH Process and apparatus for gaseous nitriding of a workpiece and workpiece.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL163085B (en)
DE904491C (en) 1954-02-18
CH291360A (en) 1953-06-15
NL91406C (en)
FR1053916A (en) 1954-02-05

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