GB704391A - Improvements relating to synthetic detergent compositions - Google Patents
Improvements relating to synthetic detergent compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- GB704391A GB704391A GB29149/50A GB2914950A GB704391A GB 704391 A GB704391 A GB 704391A GB 29149/50 A GB29149/50 A GB 29149/50A GB 2914950 A GB2914950 A GB 2914950A GB 704391 A GB704391 A GB 704391A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- per cent
- alcohols
- diol
- tripolyphosphate
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract 9
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 7
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 abstract 3
- XWAMHGPDZOVVND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-octadecanediol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CO XWAMHGPDZOVVND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- DWANEFRJKWXRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-tetradecanediol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CO DWANEFRJKWXRSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- BTOOAFQCTJZDRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-hexadecanediol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CO BTOOAFQCTJZDRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 aliphatic glycols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- ZITKDVFRMRXIJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CO ZITKDVFRMRXIJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- QRKWFXNOTVYLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(C)O QRKWFXNOTVYLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940005740 hexametaphosphate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HXYVTAGFYLMHSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitoyl ethanolamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO HXYVTAGFYLMHSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
- C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
- C11D3/2013—Monohydric alcohols linear fatty or with at least 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/65—Mixtures of anionic with cationic compounds
- C11D1/655—Mixtures of sulfonated products with alkylolamides of carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2041—Dihydric alcohols
- C11D3/2044—Dihydric alcohols linear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/521—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 and R3 are alkyl or alkenyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
A detergent composition comprises a water-soluble sulphated or sulphonated alkyl aromatic or fatty acylcontaining detersive compound and minor proportions of an aliphatic monohydric or dihydric alcohol having at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule and a fatty acid amide having 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the acyl group. The detersive compounds and fatty acid amides may be those described in Specification 704,390. The detergents, used as their water-soluble salts, may comprise 10 to 50 per cent. by weight of the total solids, built compositions having preferably 20 to 50 per cent. The fatty acid amides may comprise from 1 to 10 per cent., preferably 1 to 5 per cent. by weight. The alcohols may be the monohydric and dihydric alcohols containing 10 to 22 and preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms. The monohydric alcohols may be primary or secondary, saturated or unsaturated, saturated straightchain primary alcohols being preferred. Specified examples include lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, palmityl, oleyl, and mixtures thereof, as well as the commercial materials. The preferred dihydric alcohols are the aliphatic glycols having a straight chain of 10 to 20, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and adjacent hydroxyl groups at or near the end of the chain. Glycols containing slightly branched chains may be used provided there remains a long straight-chain hydrophobic portion in the molecule. Specified examples include hexadecane-1, 2-diol, tetradecane-1, 2-diol, octadecane-1, 2-diol, dodecane-1, 2-diol, hexadecane-2, 3-diol, and mixtures (including commercial mixtures) thereof. The monohydric alcohols may be obtained from fats, oils and waxes of animal, vegetable or mineral origin or from fatty acids, esters or aldehydes by reduction, or may be recovered from oxidised petroleum stocks. The dihydric alcohols may be obtained from cracked paraffin waxes as by oxidation of long-chain olefins. They may be used in amounts from 1 to 10 per cent. by weight, preferably 1 to 5 per cent. Inorganic and organic builders may be included in the compositions, such as silicates, alkali metal phosphates (e.g. hexametaphosphate, tetrapyrophosphate), alkali metal sulphates and carbonates, carboxymethylcellulose, and esters such as ethylene glycol stearate and methyl palmitate. Tripolyphosphates of formula M5P3O10, where M is an alkali metal or ammonium, give an increased detergency. A ration of tripolyphosphate to active ingredient of about 1 : 1 is preferred. The compositions may be prepared by the processes described in Specification 704,390, the tripolyphosphate being added to a slurry of the active ingredient prior to, during or after the addition of the higher alcohols an amides. High temperatures during drying should be avoided to prevent decomposition of the tripolyphosphate. In an example 1 per cent. of cetyl alcohol and 2 per cent. of palmitylethanolamide are added to a detergent composition comprising 20 per cent. of the sodium salts of coconut oil monoglyceride sulphate, 50 per cent. sodium tripolyphosphate, 3 per cent. sodium silicate and the remainder sodium sulphate. U.S.A. Specification 2,315,983 also is referred to.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US124514A US2746931A (en) | 1949-10-29 | 1949-10-29 | Synthetic detergent compositions |
| GB29149/50A GB704391A (en) | 1950-11-28 | 1950-11-28 | Improvements relating to synthetic detergent compositions |
| FR1029693D FR1029693A (en) | 1950-11-28 | 1950-12-06 | Process for preparing synthetic detergent compositions and compositions thus obtained |
| CH295365D CH295365A (en) | 1950-11-28 | 1951-01-08 | Cleaning supplies. |
| BE501971D BE501971A (en) | 1950-11-28 | 1951-03-17 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB29149/50A GB704391A (en) | 1950-11-28 | 1950-11-28 | Improvements relating to synthetic detergent compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB704391A true GB704391A (en) | 1954-02-24 |
Family
ID=10286918
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB29149/50A Expired GB704391A (en) | 1949-10-29 | 1950-11-28 | Improvements relating to synthetic detergent compositions |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2746931A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE501971A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH295365A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1029693A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB704391A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2870091A (en) * | 1955-09-01 | 1959-01-20 | Stepan Chemical Co | Detergent composition |
| US2874127A (en) * | 1956-06-29 | 1959-02-17 | California Research Corp | Sulfonate detergent compositions of improved foam characteristics |
| US2867585A (en) * | 1957-09-06 | 1959-01-06 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent composition |
| US3188291A (en) * | 1959-12-23 | 1965-06-08 | Purex Corp Ltd | Detergent compositions and granules and method of making them |
| US3101324A (en) * | 1960-12-12 | 1963-08-20 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Liquid detergent composition |
| CA714018A (en) * | 1961-05-26 | 1965-07-20 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Hard surface cleaning compositions |
| US3318817A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1967-05-09 | Procter & Gamble | Process for preparing detergent tablets |
| JPH0759716B2 (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1995-06-28 | ライオン株式会社 | Surfactant composition with reduced skin irritation |
| DE3904610A1 (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-08-23 | Henkel Kgaa | DETERGENT FOR WASHING POWER SUPPLEMENTS |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE406221A (en) * | 1933-11-15 | |||
| US2166315A (en) * | 1935-08-13 | 1939-07-18 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent and preparation thereof |
| US2437253A (en) * | 1940-01-08 | 1948-03-09 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Detergent composition |
| US2383737A (en) * | 1942-02-18 | 1945-08-28 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
| US2383738A (en) * | 1942-02-20 | 1945-08-28 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
| US2366027A (en) * | 1942-04-01 | 1944-12-26 | Du Pont | Detergent and wetting compositions |
| US2383740A (en) * | 1943-12-06 | 1945-08-28 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
| BE498392A (en) * | 1945-11-09 | |||
| US2490459A (en) * | 1946-04-10 | 1949-12-06 | Emulsol Corp | Paste shampoo |
| US2519062A (en) * | 1946-04-18 | 1950-08-15 | Nopeo Chemical Company | Lotion shampoo |
-
1949
- 1949-10-29 US US124514A patent/US2746931A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1950
- 1950-11-28 GB GB29149/50A patent/GB704391A/en not_active Expired
- 1950-12-06 FR FR1029693D patent/FR1029693A/en not_active Expired
-
1951
- 1951-01-08 CH CH295365D patent/CH295365A/en unknown
- 1951-03-17 BE BE501971D patent/BE501971A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH295365A (en) | 1953-12-31 |
| FR1029693A (en) | 1953-06-04 |
| BE501971A (en) | 1952-06-20 |
| US2746931A (en) | 1956-05-22 |
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