GB380431A - Improvements in the manufacture and production of assistants in the textile and related industries and dispersing agents - Google Patents

Abstract

Assistants for the textile and related industries are obtained by esterifying or etherifying water in soluble organic compounds, other than carbohydrates, which contain at least one hydroxy or carboxylic group, or a group reacting like a carboxylic group, by means of polyethylene glycols containing a chain of at least four -CH2.CH2O- groups or with mono ethers or esters thereof. In modifications, (a) the corresponding quantity of ethyleneoxide or ethylenehalogenhydrin may be used in place of the polyethyleneglycol, (b) products containing halogen, e.g. those prepared by means of ethylenehalogenhydrin or by means of polyethyleneglycolmonohalides are treated with amines, amides or compounds containing hydroxy groups, (c) the free hydroxy groups present in the products when ethyleneoxide or polyethylene glycols are used are esterified or etherified. In examples: (1) a mixture of alcohols obtained by the catalytic reduction of animal or vegetable oils or fats is heated in an autoclave with ethylene oxide; the product is a wetting and washing agent and mixes with solvents such as ethyleneglycolmonocresylether, tetrahydronaphthalene and carbontetrachloride, it also emulsifies the latter and mineral or fatty oils, and may be sulphonated: (2) diethyleneglycol is heated with ethyleneoxide and then esterified with oleic or ricinoleic acid; the product emulsifies olive oil and may be used in association with "Diastafor" or "Degomma" (Registered Trade Marks) in enzymatic desizing liquors and for washing suint wool: (3) diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether is condensed with ten molecular proportions of ethyleneoxide and then esterified with palmitic or stearic acid; the product forms an aqueous emulsion with Japan wax: (4) an acetate silk fabric is treated in an aqueous bath containing the product of example (3) and formic acid to soften it: (5) an aqueous emulsion prepared from the product of example (2), oleic acid and arachis oil is used for greasing animal and vegetable fibres; the said oleic or ricinoleic ester may be used alone or in association with petroleum as a lubricant in working up artificial silk: (6) a product obtained by condensing ten mols. of ethyleneoxide with diethyleneglycol and esterifying with oleic acid is used for softening leather; it may also be used for preparing an aqueous emulsion of neat's-foot oil which may be used for greasing leather: (7) fifteen mols. of ethyleneoxide are condensed with 7 : 18-octodecandiol; the product may be used in printing and in dyeing, e.g. in indigo-zinc-lime vats, in dyeing with acid or basic dyestuffs, in dyeing with aniline black, in azo dyeing in which components containing aluminium are used, and in dyeing cotton yarn with Auramino O, after being mordanted with tannin and tartaremetic; (8) diethyleneglycolmonoethylether is condensed with 20 mols. of ethyleneoxide and then esterified with castor oil: the product may be added to a solution of collodion cotton in butylacetate, benzene, butanol, and alcohol in the preparation of films; (9) an ether obtained from diethyleneglycol and ethyleneoxide is esterified with castor oil, and is added to a solution of collodion cotton in butylacetate, butanol, and toluene, containing a resin obtained from methylcyclohexanone by polymerization with alcoholic potash, whereby a lacquer is produced; (10) an ester obtained from coco nut fatty acids and an ether derived from ethyleneoxide and diethyleneglycol is introduced into a mixing apparatus together with water, ethyleneglycolmonocresylether, and a solution in turpentine of an ethyleneglycol ester of oxidation bleached montan wax (cf. example (4) of Specification 296,145, [Class 91, Oils &c.]: an emulsion suitable for applying to leather and wood is obtained; (11) an emulsion is prepared from the product of example (2), xylene, and asphalte: it may be used in intaglio printing inks; (12) ethyleneoxide is condensed with N-hydroxyethyl-N-octodecylamine: the product may be used in dyeing and its salicylic acid salt may be added to dressing preparations; mixed with copper sulphate and lime it forms a pest-destroying agent; by condensing ethyleneoxide with mono-oleic or stearic esters of triethanolamine (cf. Spcification 306,116, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.]), products are obtained which may be used as sizing or dressing agents: by condensing ethyleneoxide with triethanolamine and esterifying with oleic acid, a product is obtained which may be used for emulsifying machine oils; (13) octodecyl alcohol is treated with ethyleneoxide and the product sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid; (14) Milan tram silk is degummed with a bath containing the product of examples (2) or (7), papain, hydrosulphite and sodium thiosulphate; (15) the product of example (2) is mixed with boiled linseed oil and water; an emulsion is obtained which may be used for coating materials or for sizing artificial silk; (16) the product of example (7) is mixed with soap; (17) a product which may be used for emulsifying oleic acid is obtained by condensing ethyleneoxide with octodecyl alcohol and esterifying with oleic acid; (18) ethyleneoxide is condensed with oleic or ricinoleic acid, castor oil or montan wax carboxylic acids; the product may be used as a textile oil in spinning; (19) octadecyl alcohol is esterified with 15-20 mols. ethyleneoxide; the product may be used in dyeing as a levelling agent, e.g. in dyeing cuproammonium silk, and in dyeing with azo dyestuffs on the fibre; ethyleneoxide may also be condensed with decanol or dodecanol and the products treated with the ether-alcohol obtained by polymerizing ethyleneoxide with aqueous caustic potash; (20) the mixture of alcohols prepared from the oxidation products of paraffin wax as in Specification 303,281, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], is condensed with ethyleneoxide in the presence of the bleaching earth known by the Registered Trade Mark "Tonsil 3B"; (21) a product is similarly obtained from wool fat and ethyleneoxide; (22) glycerolmono-oleic ester or a similar ester prepared from montan wax acids is treated with ethyleneoxide; (23) the alcohols obtained from sperm oil are treated with ethyleneoxide; the product may be used in emulsions of waxy materials, e.g. in boot and floor polishes containing waxes and solvents such as benzene and turpentine; (24) octadecylalcohol is treated with ethyleneoxide and the product condensed in the presence of hydrochloric acid with acetaldehyde; (25) skin creams are obtained by mixing the product derived from ethyleneoxide and octodecylalcohol with petroleum jelly, paraffin oil, and water or with paraffin oil, peanut oil, and water; (26) the ether obtained from octodecylalcohol and ethyleneoxide is sulphonated with chlorsulphonic acid and neutralized; (27) silk is dyed in a bath containing a product prepared from ethyleneoxide and octodecyl or dodecyl alcohol, acetic acid, and Diamond Green GX, and finished by treatment with a bath of acetic or formic acid; (28) wool yarn is dyed in a bath containing the chromium salt of the dyestuff obtainable by coupling diazotized picramic acid with 1-naphththylamine-4-sulphonic acid, sulphuric acid, and the product used in example (27); (28) cotton is dyed in a bath containing Indocarbon CLG and a product prepared from ethylene oxide and octodecylalcohol; (30) the same product is used to prepare dispersions of pigments, e.g. the pigments obtained from Naphthol AS-BO and Fast Redsalt B or from Naphthol AS-RL and Fast Red salt GL, or those obtained from naphthoic amides, or by the oxidation of sulphuric esters of vat dyes or vatted dyes; (31) b -naphthol is condensed with from 6-10 mols. of ethyleneoxide; (32) products derived from ethyleneoxide and oleylalcohol or the fatty acids of fats and oils are fused with stearylstearate, octodecylalcohol or the hydroxyethylether thereof or the mixed ethanolamides of coco nut fatty acids (cf. Specification 337,737, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.]), whereby, on addition of water emulsions are obtained which may be used in finishing and sizing; (33) a wetting agent is prepared by fusing the sodium salt of hydroxystearic acid sulphuric ester with a condensation product of oleyl or dodecylalcohol with ethyleneoxide. Products may also be prepared as follows: (a) the sodium compound of dodecyl alcohol is treated with the product of the reaction of monochloracetic acid and ethyleneoxide; (b) palm oil is condensed with ethyleneoxide; (c) sperm oil, olive oil, stearylstearate (obtained by the incomplete hydrogenation of stearic acid), and triethanolaminetrioleic ester are similarly condensed with ethyleneoxide. The products may be used alone or in association with alkali, ammonia or amine soaps, turkey red oils, saponine, aliphatic or aromatic sulphonic acids, sulphuric esters of high molecular alcohols, vegetable and animal oils and fats, natural and synthetic waxes, cellulose esters and ethers, colloids such as glue, vegetable mucilages and dextrine, salts, e.g. Glauber's p salts, and magnesium sulphate, organic solvents and bleaching agents, e.g. perborates. They may be used in carbonizing and mercerizing processes, for dispersing solid and liquid hydrocarbons, natural and artificial resins and waxes and inorganic pigments, e.g. carbon black, and as softening agents for films, bands and lacquers. As starting materials, may be used hydroxyamines, hydroxyamides and esters of alkylolamines which are hydrolised like glycerides in the course of the reaction, besides alcohols and phenols such as cholesterol, polyhydric alcohols and monoethers thereof, xylenols and xyloreins. Besides carboxylic acids, such as caproic, linoleic or naphthenic acids, wax acids and acids obtained by the oxidation of hydrocarbons, their esters and halides are suitable. For the further etherification or esterification of the products containing hydroxy groups, acids, e.g. sulphuric, phosphoric, and phthalic acids, acid