GB379587A - Improved process for the hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials and catalysts therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

Catalysts for production of hydrocarbon by reaction of hydrogen upon carbonaceous materials, such as naphthalene, coal, wood, oils, &c., and for the refining of crude benzol &c. and conversion of oxygen and sulphur compounds into the corresponding hydrocarbons are prepared by mixing a solution in water, alcohol, &c. of a metal compound with an adsorbent such as active carbon, pumice, broken pottery, silica gel, alumina gel, Fuller's earth, bleaching earth, burnt fire clay, adsorption clay, coke, &c. and treating the mixture so as to yield a metal or metal compound which is insoluble and becomes adsorbed. Preferably metal compounds are used which yield catalysts immune to sulphur poisoning, such as compounds of metals of the 6th group, particularly molybdenum and tungsten. Compounds of chromium, uranium, tin, vanadium, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, aluminium or cobalt may be used. The conversion of the metal compound may be effected (1) by reduction with hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, &c. which may be used under pressures up to 200 atmospheres or with liquid reagents such as hydrazine, or formic acid; (2) by treatment with hydrogen sulphide or ammonia to yield compounds of colloidal nature, precipitation being avoided by adjusting the pH concentration or by use of buffer solutions; or (3) by heating the solutions. The reducing action of the adsorbent may be utilized, and enhanced by a previous treatment with hydrogen or hydrogen sulphide. Specifications 29049/12, 208,656, 255,884, 286,309, [all in Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], 328,992 and 332,336, [both in Class 32, Distilling &c.], are referred to.ALSO:Catalysts for the production of hydrocarbons by the conversion of oxygen and sulphur compounds with the aid of hydrogen, e.g. the production of aromatic and hydroaromatic hydrocarbons from phenol and cresols, are prepared by mixing a solution in water, alcohol &c. of a metal compound with an absorbent such as active carbon, pumice, broken pottery, silica gel, alumina gel, fullers earth, bleaching earth, burnt fire clay, adsorption clay, coke, &c., and treating the mixture so as to yield a metal or metal compound which is insoluble and becomes adsorbed. Preferably metal compounds are used which yield catalysts immune to sulphur poisoning such as compounds of metals of the 6th group, particularly molybdenum and tungsten. Compounds of chromium, uranium, tin vanadium, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, aluminium or cobalt may be used. The conversion of the metal compound may be effected (1) by reduction with hydrogen, hydrogen p sulphide, sulphur dioxide &c. which may be used under pressures up to 200 atmospheres or with liquid reagents such as hydrazine, or formic acid; (2) by treatment with hydrogen sulphide or ammonia to yield compounds of colloidal nature, precipitation being avoided by adjusting the pH concentration or by the use of buffer solutions; or (3) by heating the solutions. The reducing action of the adsorbent may be utilized, and enhanced by a previous treatment with hydrogen or hydrogen sulphide. Specifications 29049/12, 208,656, 255,884, 286,309, [all in Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], 328,992, and 332,336, [both in Class 32, Distilling &c.], are referred to.