GB2601727A - Underfloor heating - Google Patents
Underfloor heating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2601727A GB2601727A GB2017425.6A GB202017425A GB2601727A GB 2601727 A GB2601727 A GB 2601727A GB 202017425 A GB202017425 A GB 202017425A GB 2601727 A GB2601727 A GB 2601727A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cnt
- graphene layer
- heating panel
- layer
- cementitious substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010016334 Feeling hot Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
- F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
- F24D2220/2081—Floor or wall heating panels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A heating panel, comprising a layer of cementitious substrate, a carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene layer 2 applied to the cementitious substrate 3 and at least two electrodes applied to the CNT/5 graphene layer so as to allow a voltage to be applied to the CNT/graphene layer. The cementitious substrate may include 50-70 wt% calcareous material, 15-25 wt% silica, 10-20 wt% of inorganic fillers, and 6-10 wt% cellulose or glass fibres. A resilient layer 1 may be included beneath the CNT/graphene layer. A floor finish 5 and an underlay 4 may also be applied above the cementitious substrate. The electrodes may comprise a polyamide tape that has a CNT/Graphene layer. A system of multiple heating panels joined together using rebated joins is also claimed.
Description
UNDERFLOOR HEATING
The present specification relates to underfloor heating, particularly underfloor heating using electric elements secured to flooring panels or tiles.
Underfloor heating is a highly effective method of heating due to delivering targeted heat to the occupants which creates a warmer feeling for a given unit of energy input than most other types of heating (such as wall mounted C\I radiators etc). C\I
However, underfloor heating presents a number of challenges. Tall buildings are constrained in height by structural and local policy restrictions, meaning that the number of habitable levels is limited by these constraints. The flooring build-up, that is the thickness or depth of the flooring structure which often comprises several layers, diminishes the habitable space within these constraints. If the flooring build-up can be reduced, then more habitable levels (or habitable space with more generous ceiling height) can be accommodated in a given building than those with conventional flooring build-ups. This drive to reduce floor build-up dimensions is opposed by the inclusion of underfloor heating, because underfloor heating will generally increase the floor build-up dimensions. The systems currently available can be described in two ways:- "Wet" systems: pipes which carry hot water which is distributed via a manifold to various zones in the dwelling. The pipes are generally either set into a cementitious screed, or laid into a "cradle and joist" system.
Electric systems: a mat containing resistive electric wires is laid under the floor.
However, the uptake of such designs has been limited because of disadvantages, which can include: Cost and complexity of the systems.
- Cost and complexity of the installation processes.
C\I The underfloor components are easily damaged either during C\I installation, or via fixings from subsequent works puncturing the pipes or wires.
Wet systems can leak and cause significant consequential damage to Is property by water damage.
Wear and damage resulting from installation defects can cause electric systems to short-circuit and fail or catch fire.
Slow response to inputs (hysteresis) means that most occupants set their heating on to come on earlier than they require, in order to give the space time to heat-up. This wastes energy. Also the cool-down time means that further unwanted energy is emitted Hysteresis can make it difficult to control temperature of the space to achieve a desired set temperature point, resulting in compromised occupant comfort.
Electric systems use comparatively high amounts of electrical energy to heat the dwelling to the desired temperature.
In addition to these disadvantages, wet underfloor heating systems add additional thickness in the floor build-up dimensions. Typically a minimum of 75mm floor build-up dimension would be required to accommodate a wet underfloor heating system.
The object of the present invention is to provide an underfloor heating system which addresses these and other problems which will become apparent in the
C\I description below. C\I
According to the present invention, there is provided a heating panel according to claim 1. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heating panel system according to the independent claims.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, of which Figure 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the heating panel and flooring; Figure 2 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the heating panel and flooring; and Figure 3 is a perspective view of the edges of two heating panels being joined together.
Referring to figure 1, shows an underfloor heating product according to a first embodiment of the invention. A resilient layer 1, forms a lower layer of the product, with a CNT/graphene layer 2 above the resilient layer 1, a cementitious substrate 3 located above the CNT/graphene layer 2, an underlay layer 4 located above the CNT/graphene layer 2, and a floor finish 5 forming the uppermost layer of the product.
The resilient layer 1 is an optional component of the product. Its thickness will be in the region of 5 to 15mm and may be formed of for example EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber. Its function is to deform to address irregularities or undulations in the substrate concrete structure that the product is to be placed on, as is a common occurrence in such concrete structures. The resilient layer 1 also provides a sound insulation function, which will impede the noise of footsteps from the dwelling above transmitting to the dwelling below.
The CNT/graphene layer 2 is applied to the cementitious substrate 3 as will be described below. The cementitious substrate 3 is composed of cementitious board formed at thickness of around 4mm to 15mm, and comprises primarily of calcium silicate, which has been chosen because of its superior fire resisting properties, mechanical properties and it allows the IR radiation to pass through cleanly without dispersing the radiation.
Advantageously, the cementitious substrate 3 can be manufactured by making of slurry comprising 50-70 wt% calcareous material, 15-25 wt% silica, 10-20 wt% of inorganic fillers, and 6-10 wt% cellulose or glass fibres, forming the slurry into a board in a mould, allow a hydrothermal reaction at a pressure of at least 1MPa. The resulting cured material has a density of 1.400kg/m3 to 1.600kg/m3 and a flexural strength of 18-30MPa.
Carbon nanotubes may be produced by known methods, for example as described in US2018362347A1 (FGV Cambridge Nanosystems).
To apply the CNT/graphene layer 2 to the cementitious substrate 3, a formulation of CNT and graphene is first dispersed in an ink carrier. The resulting suspension provides a highly conductive printable film which is deposited by an appropriate printing method (e.g. spraypainting, inkjet, screen, gravure or flexo) as a film onto the cementitious substrate 3. Once dried, the dried printed film can then act as a heater due to the fact that upon application of a voltage of 5 to 12 Volts across the CNT/graphene layer 2, the collisions of electrons and photons produce instant heat, a phenomenon called Joule heating. The efficient heat release due to high radiation along with low resistance, with an average IR emissivity >0.5 in a wide wavelength range (4-14jtm) rendering them very effective radiant heaters.
Thin-film copper electrodes are located either side of the applied CNT/graphene layer 2, and a DC current is applied in the region of 5 to 12 Volts, which is sufficient to create a temperature of 35°C to 70 °C (though greater or lesser temperatures are also easily achievable). The carbon nanotube and graphene nanocomposite film creates infra-red heat which, once diffused through the cementitious substrate 3, is very effective at heating the human body and thus creating the feeling of warmth. For a given energy input, this is much more efficient than conventional radiant heating methods.
The application of the CNT/graphene layer 2 on the cementitious substrate 3 provides a number of important advantages: Thermal runaway occurs when a portion of a heating element becomes excessively hot, which increases the resistance of the heater, which will in turn cause the electrical power to heat it up further and so on, until the materials eventually fail. In the event of thermal runaway, the board as described herein will contain the heat build-up and will limit conductive Is heating of adjacent materials in order to successfully contain any risk of fire.
Heat generated by the CNT/graphene layer permeates the cementitious substrate in a linear fashion without being diffused, unlike other rigid layers commonly used for floor covering such as ceramic. It also obviates a requirement for materials such as polyurethane to add rigidity, but which would increase the risk of thermal runaway and fire. There is no requirement for thermally reflective layer beneath CNT/graphene layer, which would increase the risk of thermal runaway and fire.
The board can be as thin a 4mm whilst still being rigid and workable during the rigours of a construction site. This means that a very thin build-up can be achieved, whilst maintaining the ease of installation and rigidity. Furthermore, the board can be machined such as to achieve a rebate lap joint as described in figure 3 so as to further enable efficient installation.
The board provides mechanical protection to the CNT/graphene layer from abrasion or fractures.
The board is sufficiently flat in order to enable an even coating of the CNT and graphene.
The formulation of the board permits linear transmission of the IR radiation, without excessively conducting heat away from the intended a) target. This is key to the efficiency of the heating element, as the heat can be directed to the target (usually the occupant and the surrounding air), without wasting energy by heating unnecessary items, such as the building structure and building fixtures.
The board is unaffected by the accidental application of water, this is useful during installation where the building site may not be watertight, and the concrete may still be drying out; but also it is common for leaks to occur towards the end of the construction process. Leaks into the floor can be severely detrimental to electric underfloor heating systems, whereas this system will be unaffected.
- Applying the CNT/graphene layer directly to the cementitious substrate avoids the need for securement methods such as the use of mesh and/or adhesive or silicone glue, which are inconvenient, and can adversely affect the heating characteristics of the heating panel.
The inclusion of a resilient layer addresses acoustic requirements of the flooring build-up and irregularities and undulations in the concrete substrate of the building structure.
By virtue of its formulation of calcium silicate and lightweight fibre construction, the cementitious board permits the infra-red heat through it very effectively whilst not dispersing the heat (reflective components would diffuse the heat transfer). This allows efficient heat transfer to the occupants, without wasting heat on unnecessarily heating the fabric of the building. This particular phenomenon has two distinct benefits: More of the energy used goes directly to the occupant and thus less energy is required to create the desired comfort level.
Hysteresis of the system is significantly reduced, i.e. the heat-up time is significantly reduced, and cool-down time is also significantly reduced. This improvement in response-time improves the effectiveness of control systems which in-turn reduces energy use.
Once the installation of the underfloor product is completed, the builder or occupant can fit their own choice of floor finishes 5 such as timber or carpet, under which it is usual to fit an underlay 4. This is an important advantage of the system, as the floor finish is independent of the heating system, and therefore the floor finish can be chosen and eventually replaced without affecting the underfloor heating system.
Referring to figure 2, the builder or occupant may choose to install a tile or stone finish 7, under which it is usual to use a tile adhesive 6 which can be applied directly to the cementitious substrate 3, or a decoupling layer may be incorporated between the cementitious substrate 3 and tile or stone 7.
Referring to figure 3, the board assembly will be installed in modules. Shown here are two boards 10, 10', each comprising a layer of cementitious substrate 3 onto which a CNT/graphene layer 2 has been applied on the underside. Each board 10, 10' has corresponding rebated joints fit together.
The CNT/graphene layer 2 may be made electrically continuous via the C\I application of a polyamide tape 8 which has been printed with a layer of CNT and graphene in a similar manner to the printing process of the CNT/graphene layer 2 described above.
LO
Optionally, an alternative embodiment of the system may also comprise a polyamide layer in the build-up between layers 1 and 2, which will afford extra protection to the CNT and Graphene layer, but also provide the option that layer 1 can be installed separately in an alternative embodiment.
The system as a whole has significant benefits over equivalent underfloor heating systems: The floor build-up dimension can be reduced by up to SO% No manifold required Low complexity Easy to install Damage by fixings penetrating the product has no impact on the performance of the system and risk of injury by electric shock is significantly reduced No water in the system, eliminating risk of water damage Fast response to control inputs, resulting in reduced energy use, and improved occupant comfort Direct experience of the infra-red heat by the occupant, resulting in further reduced energy use.
The boards are lightweight and can be installed in a large format which lo would be typically 1200mmx600mm, thus improving speed and safety of installation.
The panels can be cut using a hand saw, with no special skill sets required, and no electrical wires.
Electrical connections are made using simple self adhesive strips of polyamide with printed carbon nanotube and graphene nanocomposite films which make the electrical connections between the panels.
The optional rebated jointing methodology between the boards which incorporates the self adhesive strips of polyamide with the CNT and Graphene layers printed on them in order to maintain electrical continuity.
The optional resilient layer 1 performs an acoustic function (reduces the transmission of footstep noise on the floor to the dwelling below), and additionally performs a levelling function to alleviate undulations in the underlying concrete structure of the building.
This system allows separate control zones with individual temperature controls. Typically, each zone will comprise an area of CNT/graphene layer 2 between electrodes, the voltage supplied to the electrodes of each area being individually controllable.
The application of the CNT/graphene heating layer via printing, enables bespoke printed patterns which are easily tailored to the heat needs of a particular dwelling design, such as accommodating the furniture and fabric layout such as to avoid heating underneath sofas etc whilst applying a greater heat density to the areas close to the windows. In particular, the different individually controllable areas of CNT/graphene layers 2 may be formed in different shapes and sizes as required. Most conveniently, the areas of individually controllable CNT/graphene layers may be shaped thereby Is controlling the pattern of the CNT/graphene layer which is printed onto the cementitious substrate 3.
Claims (1)
- Claims 1. A heating panel, comprising A layer of cementitious substrate A CNT/graphene layer applied to the cementitious substrate At least two electrodes applied to the CNT/graphene layer so as to allow a voltage to be applied to the CNT/graphene layer.to 2. A heating panel according to claim 1 wherein the cementitious substrate comprises 50-70 wt% calcareous material 15-25 wt% silica 10-20 wt% of inorganic fillers, and 6-10 wt% cellulose or glass fibres.3. A heating panel according to either previous claim wherein a resilient layer is included beneath the CNT/graphene layer.4. A heating panel according to any previous claim wherein a floor finish is included above the cementitious substrate.5. A heating panel according to claim 4 wherein an underlay is included between the floor finish and the cementitious substrate.6. A heating panel according to any previous claim wherein the electrodes comprise polyamide tape having a CNT/Graphene layer.7. A heating panel system, wherein at least two heating panels according to any previous claim are joined at their edges by corresponding rebated joints.8. A heating panel system, according to any previous claim wherein two separate areas of CNT/graphene layer are electrically connected by polyamide tape having a CNT/Graphene layer.9. A heating panel system, according to any previous claim wherein two separate areas of CNT/graphene layer are electrically isolated from each other and are independently controllable.10. A heating panel system, according to any previous claim wherein specifically shaped heated CNT/graphene layer areas are provided by printing a pattern of the CNT/graphene layer according to the room layout.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2017425.6A GB2601727A (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2020-11-03 | Underfloor heating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2017425.6A GB2601727A (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2020-11-03 | Underfloor heating |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB202017425D0 GB202017425D0 (en) | 2020-12-16 |
GB2601727A true GB2601727A (en) | 2022-06-15 |
Family
ID=73776407
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB2017425.6A Pending GB2601727A (en) | 2020-11-03 | 2020-11-03 | Underfloor heating |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2601727A (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN208549033U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-02-26 | 苏州汉纳材料科技有限公司 | Anti- overheat Electric radiant Heating Film and floor heating structure |
US20190182906A1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2019-06-13 | Ndt Engineering & Aerospace Co., Ltd. | Heating Element |
CN112443881A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-05 | 光之科技(北京)有限公司 | Electric heating integrated plate and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-11-03 GB GB2017425.6A patent/GB2601727A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190182906A1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2019-06-13 | Ndt Engineering & Aerospace Co., Ltd. | Heating Element |
CN208549033U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-02-26 | 苏州汉纳材料科技有限公司 | Anti- overheat Electric radiant Heating Film and floor heating structure |
CN112443881A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-03-05 | 光之科技(北京)有限公司 | Electric heating integrated plate and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB202017425D0 (en) | 2020-12-16 |
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