GB2592848A - Construction material - Google Patents
Construction material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2592848A GB2592848A GB1910727.5A GB201910727A GB2592848A GB 2592848 A GB2592848 A GB 2592848A GB 201910727 A GB201910727 A GB 201910727A GB 2592848 A GB2592848 A GB 2592848A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- construction material
- article
- construction
- electrically
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 tiles Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010014357 Electric shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
- E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
- E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
- E04C2/525—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/022—Carbon
- C04B14/026—Carbon of particular shape, e.g. nanotubes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
- E04C1/392—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for ventilating, heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/90—Electrical properties
- C04B2111/94—Electrically conducting materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
An electrically conductive construction material which is suitable for the construction of heatable surfaces, such as but not limited to, floors, walls, and ceilings. The material comprises bulk construction material (100a) and electronically conductive additive material (100b), which may be from recycled sources. Preferably the material comprises a binder and an aggregate. The material may be arranged as a tile, block or slab and configured to be arranged with other tiles, blocks, or slabs of the same. Additionally, other materials such as insulating materials may be added to either side of the article. The electrically conductive additive is suitable for Joule heating of the article. Electrodes (110) may be fully or partially embedded through articles by which external electrical connections are made. A means of monitoring temperature of the article such as a thermal transducer may be included. A method for constructing said articles together either mechanically and/or electrically is disclosed.
Description
Construction Material The present invention relates to an electrically conductive construction material, and is concerned particularly, although not exclusively, with an electrically-heatable 10 material and method of manufacturing the same.
The use of independent conductive elements to heat a construction material such as concrete has been known in the prior art.
In the past, such elements have either been pipes, through which hot water can be circulated, or wires/cables, through which an electrical current can be passed, to give rise to Joule heating. Both result in the transfer of heat to the surrounding material via thermal conduction. Such systems have been widely used in underfloor heating applications. In so-called 'wet systems' an array of pipes is _aid before concrete is poured over, or else discrete articles, such as tiles, are placed over. With electrical systems, It is a pad or mesh of electrically conductive wires that is first laid down.
One problem with both prior techniques is that they are time-consuming, due to the need for installation of the conductors prior to depositing the structural material. Other problems include the slow heating speed, particularly of water heated systems and the inhomogeneity of the heat dispersion across the surface.
Embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a material and method of construction, that at least partly address the above-mentioned problems.
The present invention is defined in the attached independent claims, to which reference should now be made. Further, preferred features may be found in the sub-claims appended thereto.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is 15 provided an electrically conductive construction material comprising a mixture of bulk construction material and at least one electrically conductive additive.
The bulk construction material may comprise a binder and may 20 comprise an aggregate.
The bulk material may include one or more of, but is not limited to, concrete, cement, sand and/or mortar.
The electrically conductive additive may include one or more of, but is not limited to, steel shavings, steel fibre, carbon nanotubes, graphite powder and/or carbon fibres (nano and micro fibres). These materials are preferably to be used in a recycled form, and/or be the by-products from one or more processes, in order to be economical.
The material may comprise fine (smaller than 4mm) and/or coarse (larger than 4mm) aggregate particles.
The material is electrically conductive, that is, the material does not require a significantly large voltage to allow a current to pass and preferably exhibits Joule heating when subject to an electrical current.
The material may be used in the construction of heatable surfaces such as, but not limited to, floors, walls, ceilings, roofs, footways and roadways.
The material may be used in the construction of surfaces 15 designed to interfere with electromagnetic radiation.
The material may be used in the construction of surfaces designed to protect against external electric charges.
The invention also provides a pre-formed electrically-heatable construction article, comprising the construction material according to any statement herein.
The article may be a block, slab or tile. For example, in a preferred arrangement, the articles include one or more embedded electrodes which preferably lie parallel to a major surface of the article, through which external electrical connections are made.
The electrodes may be fully or partially embedded within the articles.
Preferably the articles include one or more thermal transducers, such as thermocouples, to monitor the 35 temperature of the articles.
In addition to the electrically conductive construction material, one or more layers of different materials may be added to the top or bottom or both sides of the article.
In a preferable arrangement, a layer of electrically insulating materials (comprising one or more of but not limited to, polystyrene, cementitious materials, tiles, ceramic and/or timber) is applied to the top and bottom of the article.
The invention also includes a method of providing an electrically-heatable construction, the method comprising arranging an electrically conductive construction material and electrically connecting it to a supply of electrical power suitable for causing an electrical current to pass through the material.
The method may comprise arranging a screed of material. Alternatively, or in addition, the method may include arranging a plurality of discrete articles formed from the material. The method may comprise connecting mechanically and/or electrically, one or more of the articles together.
The invention may include any combination of the features or 30 limitations referred to herein, except such a combination of features as are mutually exclusive, Or mutually inconsistent.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of 10 electrically conductive construction material, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the material of Figure 1, including a further feature; and Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a plurality of floor tiles comprising the material of Figure 1; Figure 1 shows generally at 100, a portion of material which 20 comprises a mixture of construction aggregate 100a and electrically conductive additive 100b.
Embedded within the block are conductive electrodes 110 which, in particular locations, form electrical connections 120 with a power source 130. The electrodes 110 are partially embedded within the block 100 and, in practice, may protrude horizontally, from a side of the construction material.
The block also has embedded a plurality of thermocouples 140 30 which are connected to a sensor (not shown) for monitoring temperature.
Figure 2 shows a portion of the material of Figure 1 in schematic sectional view, with the addition of layers of 35 insulating material 150 covering the top and bottom major surfaces of the portion 100. These are included as a safety measure to reduce the risk of electric shock to a person (not shown) standing on the material.
Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a plurality of tiles, 10 comprising the material of Figure 1, used in constructing an electrically-heatable surface.
Each tile 200 comprises two connection protrusions 210 and two connection recesses 220. The protrusions 210 and recesses 220 have complementary shapes so that the protrusions of one tile may fit into the recesses of another, denoted by arrows Al and A2.
Both the protrusions 210 and recesses 220 may comprise an 20 electrically conductive material so that at their interface 230 there is an electrical as well as a physical connection between tiles.
In use, the material of Figure 1 may be poured to create a floor surface, forming a screed. Electrodes and thermocouples may be placed, together with connecting wires, prior to the pouring. Once the screed has set, the electrodes and thermocouples may then be electrically connected to a power source. The setting of the material fixes the components in place. The supply of a current to the electrodes, and consequentially through the material gives rise to Joule heating, resulting in a heated floor surface, the temperature of which may be monitored via the thermocouples.
As an alternative, a floor surface may be covered with preformed floor tiles comprising the material described above, with multiple electrodes and thermocouples embedded within each tile.
The tiles are then connected, as described above in reference to Figure 3, in an arrangement that covers the floor surface. When a current is supplied via a power source, the resultant Joule heating provides a heated floor surface.
The degree of dispersion of conductive additive(s) in construction materials can he improved by use of one or more techniques, such as using fine particles (e.g. silica fume), using admixtures (polymers such as latex) or surface treatment of the conductive material.
Depending on the density of the conductive materials, the density of the construction material may increase or decrease in accordance with traditional construction materials.
Cementitious materials with any cement/sand (fine and coarse aggregate) ratio can be used. Typically cement/sand ratios are 1:1, 1:3 and 1:4.
Conductive additives can be in a range of sizes from 30 nanometres to centimetres. Preferable the additives have diameters ranging from nanometres to micrometres and lengths from 0.1mm to 24mm.
Whilst endeavouring in the foregoing specification to draw 35 attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance, it should be understood that the applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features referred to herein, and/or shown in the drawings, whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.
Claims (20)
- Claims 1. An electrically conductive construction material comprising a mixture of bulk construction material and at least one electrically conductive additive.
- 2. The construction material of Claim 1, wherein the bulk construction material comprises a binder and an aggregate.
- 3. The construction material of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the bulk material includes one or more of, but is not limited to, concrete, cement, sand and/or mortar.
- 4. The construction material according to any preceding claim, wherein the electrically conductive additive includes one or more of, but is not limited to, steel shavings, steel fibre, carbon nanotubes, graphite powder and/or carbon fibres (nano and micro fibres).
- 5. The construction material according to Claim 4, wherein the conductive additive comprises recycled materials and/or by-products of other processes.
- 6. The construction material according to any preceding claim, wherein the conductive additives comprise particles whose size is within the range 0.1mm to 24mm.
- 7. The construction material according to any preceding claim, wherein the material is electrically conductive and exhibits Joule heating when subject to an electrical current.
- 8. A pre-formed electrically-heatable construction article, comprising the construction material according to any of Claims 1-7.
- 9. The article of Claim 8, comprising a block, slab or tile.
- 10. The article of Claim 9, wherein the block, slab or title comprises one or a plurality of electrodes which are fully or partially embedded within the article.
- 11. The article of Claims 9 or 10, wherein the block, slab or title comprises one or a plurality of thermal transducers, such as thermocouples, to monitor the temperature of the articles.
- 12. The article of Claims 6-11, wherein one or more surfaces of the article include one or more added layers.
- 13. The article of Claim 12, wherein the or each added layer comprises one or a plurality of thermally and/or electrically insulating materials.
- 14. The article of Claim 13, wherein the or each insulating material comprises polystyrene, cementitious materials, tiles, ceramic and/or timber.
- 15. A method of providing an electrically-heatable construction, the method comprising arranging an electrically conductive construction material and electrically connecting it to a supply of electrical power suitable for causing an electrical current to pass through the material.
- 16. The method of Claim 1E, comprising laying a screed of the construction material over a surface, on which are pre-laid electrical components and means of connecting said components to an electrical power supply.
- 17. The method of Claim 16, wherein the construction material is that according to any of Claims 1-7.
- 18. The method of Claims 16 or 17, wherein the electrical components comprises one or a plurality of electrodes, thermal transducers and/or cables/wires.
- 19. The method of Claim 15, wherein a plurality of discrete articles, comprising a construction material according to any of Claims 1-7, are arranged to cover a surface, the method comprising connecting mechanically and/or electrically, one or more of the articles together.
- 20. The method of Claim 19, wherein the discrete articles are in accordance with any of Claims 8-14.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1910727.5A GB2592848A (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Construction material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1910727.5A GB2592848A (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Construction material |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201910727D0 GB201910727D0 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
| GB2592848A true GB2592848A (en) | 2021-09-15 |
| GB2592848A8 GB2592848A8 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
Family
ID=67990607
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1910727.5A Withdrawn GB2592848A (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Construction material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2592848A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0004188A1 (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-09-19 | Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Heating unit capable of generating heat upon passing an electric current therethrough, method for producing such a heating unit, and heating systems comprising such a heating unit |
| WO2006016200A1 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-02-16 | Ronald Bennett | Electrically conductive building material and process for producing it |
| US20070186824A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2007-08-16 | Hitomi Takahashi | Heat-generating cement body, heat-generating cement tile and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-07-26 GB GB1910727.5A patent/GB2592848A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0004188A1 (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-09-19 | Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Heating unit capable of generating heat upon passing an electric current therethrough, method for producing such a heating unit, and heating systems comprising such a heating unit |
| US20070186824A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2007-08-16 | Hitomi Takahashi | Heat-generating cement body, heat-generating cement tile and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2006016200A1 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-02-16 | Ronald Bennett | Electrically conductive building material and process for producing it |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2592848A8 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
| GB201910727D0 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) | ||
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |