GB2579036A - Compositions comprising amino acids - Google Patents

Compositions comprising amino acids Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2579036A
GB2579036A GB1818629.6A GB201818629A GB2579036A GB 2579036 A GB2579036 A GB 2579036A GB 201818629 A GB201818629 A GB 201818629A GB 2579036 A GB2579036 A GB 2579036A
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total solid
amino acids
mixture
solid weight
isolated amino
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Danzey Kathryn
Higgins Robin
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Rejuvenated Ltd
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Rejuvenated Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
    • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/401—Proline; Derivatives thereof, e.g. captopril
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/175—Amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/11—Encapsulated compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/445—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof aromatic, i.e. the carboxylic acid directly linked to the aromatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/59—Mixtures
    • A61K2800/592—Mixtures of compounds complementing their respective functions
    • A61K2800/5922—At least two compounds being classified in the same subclass of A61K8/18

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)

Abstract

A composition comprising a mixture of isolated amino acids, the mixture of isolated amino acids comprising: a) 15 to 35 wt% glycine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g), b) 5 to 25 wt% proline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g), c) 5 to 25 wt% glutamine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g), d) 5 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g), e) 1 to 20 wt% arginine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g), f) 1 to 20 wt% alanine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g) and g) 1 to 15 wt% D-aspartic acid, based on the total solid weight of a) tog); wherein the amount of a), b), c), d), e), f) and g) gives a total of 100 wt% based on the total solid weight of a) to g). The composition may be included in a capsule or tablet and may be used to improve the appearance of the skin.

Description

Compositions Comprising Amino Acids
FIELD
[1] The present invention relates to compositions comprising amino acids, in particular to compositions comprising a mixture of isolated amino acids.
BACKGROUND
[2] Collagen is a polypeptide that is known have beneficial effects on the skin. For example, collagen can be applied to the skin of a human subject and/or ingested by a human subject in order to improve the appearance of the skin, for example, by reducing the appearance of wrinkles and/or by reducing skin dryness. It is therefore thought that taking and/or applying collagen may reduce, for example, skin aging.
[3] The collagen used in known products is typically marine collagen. Collagen used in known products may also be from bovine, porcine or poultry, such as chicken, sources. Marine collagen is collagen that is extracted, and optionally purified, from marine sources such as, for example, filapia, sea bass, and tuna. Once applied and/or taken by a human subject, the marine collagen is broken down and the amino acid constituents may then be used by the body to stimulate fibroblasts which in turn stimulate the formation of collagen. In this manner, more collagen is produced by the human subject and said improvements, such as reducing fine lines and/or skin dryness, may be observed. However, marine collagen is not suitable for those on a vegetarian and/or a vegan diet. Furthermore, stocks of marine collagen are in decline. It is known that collagen may be extracted from egg shells, however, there are presently no known sources of collagen that are suitable for those following a vegan diet.
[4] There is therefore a desire to move away from marine collagen as a source of collagen. Further, there is a desire to provide a source of collagen that is suitable for those following a vegan diet.
[5] It is an object of aspects of the present invention to provide one or more solutions to one of the above mentioned or other problems.
SUMMARY
[6] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a composition comprising a mixture of isolated amino acids, the mixture of isolated amino acids comprising: a) 15 to 35 wt% glycine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); b) 5 to 25 wt% proline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); c) 5 to 25 wt% glutamine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); d) 5 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); e) 1 to 20 wt% arginine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); 9 1 to 20 wt% alanine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); and g) 1 to 15 wt% D-aspartic acid, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); wherein the amount of a), b), c), d), e), f) and g) gives a total of 100 wt% based on the total solid weight of a) to g).
[07] Suitably, components a) to g) may each be from a plant-based source.
[08] Therefore, according to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a composition comprising a mixture of isolated amino acids, the mixture of isolated amino acids comprising: a) 15 to 35 wt% glycine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); b) 5 to 25 wt% proline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); c) 5 to 25 wt% glutamine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); d) 5 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); e) 1 to 20 wt% arginine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); 0 1 to 20 wt% alanine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); and g) 1 to 15 wt% D-aspartic acid, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); wherein the amount of a), b), c), d), e), 0 and g) gives a total of 100 wt% based on the total solid weight of a) to g); and wherein components a) to g) are each form a plant-based source.
[09] Advantageously, the use of amino acids from a plant-based source in the mixture of isolated amino acids means that the composition is suitable for use by those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that a vegan diet is a diet that derives from plant-based sources and is not derived from animal-based sources. It will also be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that a vegetarian diet is a diet that does not include meat but that can include other animal-based sources of food such as, for example, diary products, including, for example, milk, cheese and eggs. For the avoidance of doubt, the term "vegan diet" encompasses those following a vegan diet and/or a vegan lifestyle (where a subject does not include any animal-based sources in their lifestyle be it foodstuffs, cosmetics, or otherwise).
[10] Advantageously, it has been found by the present inventors that the mixture of isolated amino acids of the present invention has a similar effect to that of, for example, marine collagen, in a human or non-human animal subject. For example, it has advantageously been found by the present inventors that the amino acid profile of the mixture of isolated amino acids is substantially equivalent to the amino acid profile of marine collagen in that the most prevalent amino acids from the breakdown of the marine collagen are also the most prevalent amino acids in the mixture of isolated amino acids.
DESCRIPTION
[11] The composition of the present invention comprises a mixture of isolated amino acids. By the term "isolated", and like terms as used herein, when used in reference to the amino acids is meant that each of the amino acids a) to g) are present in the isolated amino acid mixture as individual molecules (or compounds) and are not, for example, present as a residue (or monomer) in a protein, such as, for example, collagen, a polypeptide and/or an oligomer. Thus, the amino acids a) to g) of the mixture of isolated amino acids of the present invention are not bonded together.
[12] The mixture of isolated amino acids comprises 15 to 35 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 to 35 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,25 or 26 to 34 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 to 33 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 to 32 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 to 31 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 to 30 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 to 29 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,25 or 26 to 28 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26 to 27 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[13] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 20 to 30 wt%, more suitably from 22 to 28 wt%, even more suitably from 25 to 27 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[14] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 26 to 27 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[15] The mixture of isolated amino acids comprises 5 to 25 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 25 wt% praline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 24 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 23 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 22 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 21 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 20 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 19 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 18 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 to 17 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[16] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 10 to 20 wt%, more suitably from 12 to 18 wt%, even more suitably 15 to 17 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[17] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 16 to 17 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[18] The mixture of isolated amino acids comprises 5 to 25 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 25 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 24 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 23 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 22 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 21 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 20 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 19 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 18 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 17 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 01 14 to 16 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 to 15 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[19] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 10 to 20 wt%, more suitably from 12 to 18 wt%, even more suitably 13 to 16 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[20] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 14 to 15 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[21] The mixture of isolated amino acids comprises 5 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 24 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 23 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 22 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 21 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 20 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 19 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 18 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 17 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 16 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 15 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 to 14 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[22] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 10 to 20 wt%, more suitably from 11 to 18 wt%, even more suitably 12 to 15 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[23] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 13 to 14 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[24] The mixture of isolated amino acids comprises 1 to 20 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10 or 11 to 20 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 19 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 18 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 17 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 16 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3,4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 15 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 14 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 13 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 to 12 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[25] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 5 to 15 wt%, more suitably from 8 to 13 wt%, even more suitably from 10 to 12 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[26] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 11 to 12 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[27] The mixture of isolated amino acids comprises 1 to 20 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 20 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 19 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 18 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 17 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3,4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 16 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 15 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2,3, 4, 5,6, 7,8, 9 or 10 to 14 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7,8, 9 or 10 to 13 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 12 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 to 11 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[28] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 5 to 15 wt%, more suitably from 7 to 12 wt%, even more suitably from 9 to 11 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[29] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 10 to 11 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[30] The mixture of isolated amino acids comprises Ito 15 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 15 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 14 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 13 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 12 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 11 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 10 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 9 wt% D-aspadic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 8 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g). The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 to 7 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[31] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 1 to 10 wt%, more suitably from 2 to 8 wt%, even more suitably from 5 to 7 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[32] Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise from 6 to 7 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
[33] For the avoidance of doubt, by the term "the amount of a), b), c), d), e), f) and g) gives a total of 100 wt%" is meant that the relative amount of each of components a) to g) totals 100 wt% in the mixture of isolated amino acids and does not mean that the components a) to g) total 100 wt% of the overall composition (and is such that further components may be present in the overall composition).
[34] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of a) glycine to b) proline. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to b) proline may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, or even at least 1.5:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to b) proline may be up to 2:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to b) proline may be 1.6:1.
[35] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of a) glycine to c) glutamine. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to c) glutamine may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, such as at least 1.5:1, or even at least 1.6:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to c) glutamine may be up to 2.5:1, such as up to 2.4:1, such as up to 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 2:1, such as up to 1.9:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to c) glutamine may be 1.8:1.
[36] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of a) glycine to d) hydroxyproline. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to d) hydroxyproline may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 1.6:1, such as at least 1.7:1, or even at least 1.8:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to d) hydroxyproline may be up to 2.6:1, such as be up to 2.5:1, such as up to 2.4:1, such as up to 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to d) hydroxyproline may be 2:1.
[37] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of a) glycine to e) arginine. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to e) arginine may be at least 1.5:1, such as at least 1.6:1, such as at least 1.7:1, such as at least 1.8:1, such as at least 1.9:1, such as at least 2:1, such as at least 2.1:1, or even at least 2.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to e) arginine may be up to 3.1:1, such as up to 3:1, such as up to 2.9:1, such as up to 2.8:1, such as up to 2.7:1, such as up to 2.6:1, such as up to 2.5:1, such as up to 2.4:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to e) arginine may be 2.3:1.
[38] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of a) glycine to 0 alanine. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to 0 alanine may be at least 1.5:1, such as at least 1.6:1, such as at least 1.7:1, such as at least 1.8:1, such as at least 1.9:1, such as at least 2:1, such as at least 2.1:1, such as at least 2.2:1, such as at least 2.3:1, such as at least 2.4:1, or even at least 2.5:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to D alanine may be up to 3.3:1, such as up to 3.2:1, such as up to 3.1:1, such as up to 3:1, such as up to 2.9:1, such as up to 2.8:1, such as up to 2.7:1, such as up to 2.6:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to t) alanine may be 2.5:1.
[39] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of a) glycine to g) D-aspartic acid. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to g) D-aspartic acid may be at least 1.8:1, such as at least 1.9:1, such as at least 2:1, such as at least 2.1:1, such as at least 2.2:1, such as at least 2.3:1, such as at least 2.4:1, such as at least 2.5:1, such as at least 2.6:1, such as at least 2.7:1, such as at least 2.8:1, such as at least 2.9:1, such as at least 3:1, such as at least 3.1:1, such as at least 3.2:1, such as at least 3.3:1, such as at least 3.4:1, or even at least 3.5:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to g) D-aspartic acid may be up to 5.3:1, such as up to 5.2:1, such as up to 5.1:1, such as up to 5:1, such as up to 4.9:1, such as up to 4.8:1, such as up to 4.7:1, such as up to 4.6:1, such as up to 4.5:1, such as up to 4.4:1, such as up to 4.3:1, such as up to 4.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of a) glycine to g) D-aspartic acid may be 4.1.
[40] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of b) proline to c) glutamine. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to c) glutamine may be at least 1:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to c) glutamine may be up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1, such as up to 1.4:1, such as up to 1.3:1, such as up to 1.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to c) glutamine may be 1.1:1.
[41] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of b) proline to d) hydroxyproline. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to d) hydroxyproline may be at least 1:1, or even at least 1.1:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to d) hydroxyproline may be up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1, such as up to 1.4:1, such as up to 1.3:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to d) hydroxyproline may be 1.2:1.
[42] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of b) proline to e) arginine. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to e) arginine may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, or even at least 1.4:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to e) arginine may be up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 2:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to e) arginine may be 1.5:1.
[43] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of b) proline to l alanine. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to f) alanine may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, or even at least 1.5:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to f) alanine may be 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to t) alanine may be 1.6:1.
[44] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of b) proline to g) D-aspartic acid. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to g) D-aspartic acid may be at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 1.6:1, such as at least 1.7:1, such as at least 1.8:1, such as at least 1.9:1, such as at least 2:1, such as at least 2.1:1, such as at least 2.2:1, such as at least 2.3:1, or even at least 2.4:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to g) D-aspartic acid may be up to 3.8:1, such as up to 3.7:1, such as up to 3.6:1, such as up to 3.5:1, such as up to 3.4:1, such as up to 3.3:1, such as up to 3.2:1, such as up to 3.1:1, such as up to 3:1, such as up to 2.9:1, such as up to 2.8:1, such as up to 2.7:1, such as up to 2.6:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of b) proline to g) Daspartic acid may be 2.5:1.
[45] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of c) glutamine to d) hydroxyproline. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to d) hydroxyproline may be at least 1:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to d) hydroxyproline may be up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1, such as up to 1.4:1, such as up to 1.3:1, such as up to 1.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to d) hydroxyproline may be 1.1:1.
[46] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of c) glutamine to e) arginine. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to e) arginine may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, or even at least 1.2:2. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to e) arginine may be up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1, such as up to 1.4:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to e) arginine may be 1.3:1.
[47] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of c) glutamine to f) alanine. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to f) alanine may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, or even at least 1.2:2. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to t) alanine may be up to 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine tot) alanine may be 1.4:1.
[48] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of c) glutamine to g) D-aspartic acid. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to g) D-aspartic acid may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, or even at least 1.2:2, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 1.6:1, such as at least 1.7:1, such as at least 1.8:1, such as at least 1.9:1, such as at least 2:1, such as at least 2.1:1, or even at least 2.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to g) D-aspartic acid may be up to 3.8:1, such as up to 3.7:1, such as up to 3.6:1, such as up to 3.5:1, such as up to 3.4:1, such as up to 3.3:1, such as up to 3.2:1, such as up to 3.1:1, such as up to 3:1, such as up to 2.9:1, such as up to 2.8:1, such as up to 2.7:1, such as up to 2.6:1, such as up to 2.5:1, such as up to 2.4:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of c) glutamine to g) D-aspartic acid may be 2.3:1.
[49] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to e) arginine. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to e) arginine may be at least 1:1, or even at least 1.1:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to e) arginine may be up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1, such as up to 1.4:1, such as up to 1.3:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to e) arginine may be 1.2:1.
[50] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline tot) alanine. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline tot) alanine may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, or even at least 1.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to f) alanine may be up to 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1, such as up to 1.4:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to f) alanine may be 1.3:1.
[51] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to g) D-aspartic acid. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to g) D-aspartic acid may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, such as at least 1.5:1, such as at least 1.6:1, such as at least 1.7:1, such as at least 1.8:1, such as at least 1.9:1, or even at least 2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to g) D-aspartic acid may be up to 3.8:1, such as up to 3.7:1, such as up to 3.6:1, such as up to 3.5:1, such as up to 3.4:1, such as up to 3.3:1, such as up to 3.2:1, such as up to 3.1:1, such as up to 3:1, such as up to 2.9:1, such as up to 2.8:1, such as up to 2.7:1, such as up to 2.6:1, such as up to 2.5:1, such as up to 2.4:1, such as up to 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of d) hydroxyproline to g) D-aspartic acid may be 2.1:1.
[52] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of e) arginine to 0 alanine. Suitably, the weight ratio of e) arginine to f) alanine may be at least 1:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of e) arginine to f) alanine may be up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1, such as up to 1.6:1, such as up to 1.5:1, such as up to 1.4:1, such as up to 1.3:1, such as up to 1.2:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of e) arginine to f) alanine may be 1.1:1.
[53] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of e) arginine to g) D-aspartic acid. Suitably, the weight ratio of e) arginine to g) D-aspartic acid may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, such as at least 1.5:1, or even at least 1.6:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of e) arginine to g) D-aspartic acid may be up to 3.1:1, such as up to 3:1, such as up to 2.9:1, such as up to 2.8:1, such as up to 2.7:1, such as up to 2.6:1, such as up to 2.5:1, such as up to 2.4:1, such as up to 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 2:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of e) arginine to g) D-aspartic acid may be 1.7:1.
[54] The mixture of isolated amino acids may comprise any suitable weight ratio of f) alanine to g) D-aspartic acid. Suitably, the weight ratio of f) alanine to g) D-aspartic acid may be at least 1:1, such as at least 1.1:1, such as at least 1.2:1, such as at least 1.3:1, such as at least 1.4:1, or even at least 1.5:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of f) alanine to g) D-aspartic acid may be up to 3.1:1, such as up to 3:1, such as up to 2.9:1, such as up to 2.8:1, such as up to 2.7:1, such as up to 2.6:1, such as up to 2.5:1, such as up to 2.4:1, such as up to 2.3:1, such as up to 2.2:1, such as up to 2.1:1, such as up to 2:1, such as up to 1.9:1, such as up to 1.8:1, such as up to 1.7:1. Suitably, the weight ratio of t) alanine to g) D-aspartic acid may be 1.6:1.
[55] Suitably, components a) to g) of the mixture of isolated amino acids may each be from a plant-based source. Components a) to g) of the mixture of isolated amino acids may be from any suitable plant-based source. Suitable plant-based sources include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: plant roots, such as chicory; acai berries; seaweed; pea protein; beans, such as soybeans, kidney beans and black beans; seeds, such as chia seeds, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, almonds, hemp seeds and pumpkin seeds; lentils; chicory; whole grains; legumes; collard greens such as cabbage, broccoli and kale; goji berries; quinoa; spinach; tofu; and combinations thereof The plant-based source may comprise a fermented product. For example, the plant-based product may comprise the fermentation product of any one or more of the suitable plant-based sources described herein Each amino acid a) to g) may be from the same plant-based source or may be from a different plant-based source.
[56] Components a) to g) may each be commercially available. Suitable commercial sources will be well known to a person skilled in the art. Suitably, components a) to g) may be commercially available in the form of a powder.
[57] The composition may comprise any suitable amount of the mixture of isolated amino acids. For example, the composition may comprise at least 50 wt%, such as at least 55 wt%, such as at least 60 wt%, such as at least 65 wt%, such as at least 70 wt%, such as at least 75 wt%, such as at least 80 wt%, such as at least 85 wt%, such as at least 90 wt%, such as at least 95 wt%, or even at least 99 wt% of the mixture of isolated amino acids based on the total solid weight of the composition. The composition may comprise up to 50 wt%, such as up to 45 wt%, such as up to 40 wt%, such as up to 35 wt%, such as 30 wt%, such as 25 wt%, such as 20 wt%, such as 15 wt%, such as 10 wt%, such as 5 wt%, or even up to 1 wt% of further ingredients.
[58] In certain embodiments, the composition may comprise 100 wt% of the mixture of isolated amino acids based on the total solid weight of the composition. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that in such embodiments, i.e. when the composition comprises 100 wt% of the mixture of isolated amino acids based on the total solid weight of the composition, the composition consists essentially of components a) to g) of the mixture of isolated amino acids.
[59] In certain alternative embodiments, the composition may comprise further ingredients. For example, the composition may comprise: further amino acids, such as L-cysteine, desmosine and isodesmosine; hyaluronic acid; glucosamine; proteins, such as glycoproteins; chrondoitin sulphate; vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and pryidoxide (vitamin B6); zinc; copper; fatty acids, such as omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids; acai berry; and mixtures thereof.
[60] Suitably, the further ingredients, when present, may be from plant-based sources. Suitable plant-based sources are as described above in relation to suitable plant-based sources of components a) to g) of the mixture of isolated amino acids. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that any further components present should suitably be suitable for those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet, more suitably for those following a vegan diet.
[61] The mixture of isolated amino acids may be in any suitable from. For example, the mixture of isolated amino acids may be in the form of a liquid, a powder and/or a dispersion. Suitably, the mixture of isolated amino acids may be a powder.
[62] The composition may be in any suitable form. Suitably, the composition may be a powder.
[63] Suitably, the composition of the present invention may be applied to, ingested by and/or injected into a subject, such as a human or a non-human animal. More suitably, the composition of the present invention may be applied to, ingested by and/or injected into human a subject. For example, the composition may be ingested in the form of a tablet and/or capsule, may be ingested in the form of a drink and/or foodstuff, suitably to drinks and/or foodstuffs suitable for those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet, more suitably for those following a vegan diet, and/or may be applied to the skin in the form of a cosmetic composition such as a cream and/or a wound dressing.
[64] Thus, in certain embodiments, the composition may be in the form of a tablet. Methods of forming the composition into a tablet will be known to a person skilled in the art. Suitably, the composition may be formed into a tablet in the powder form. Suitably, when the composition is in the form of a tablet, the composition may be a compressed powder. Suitably, when the composition is in the form of a tablet, the tablet may be coated or uncoated.
[65] In certain embodiments, the composition may further comprise a capsule. The capsule may be formed from any suitable material. Suitably, the capsule is made from a material that is suitable for those following a vegan diet. Suitably, therefore, the capsule may be formed from a material from a plant-source Suitably, the capsule is formed from a gel, more suitably from a gel from a plant-source. More suitably, the capsule is formed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Suitably, the composition may be comprised within a capsule. More suitably, the compositions may be comprised within a capsuled formed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).
[66] In certain embodiments, the composition may be added to a liquid. Suitable liquids will be well known to a person skilled in the art. Suitable liquids include, but are not limited to, water, soft drinks, tea, coffee, fruit juice or combinations thereof. Suitably, the liquid may be suitable for those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet, more suitably for those following a vegan diet. Suitably, when the composition is added to a liquid, the composition may be substantially dissolved and/or dispersed in said liquid. Suitably, when the composition is added to a liquid, the composition and/or liquid may comprise further ingredients such as, for example, flavourings and/or additives. Suitably, when present, the flavourings and/or additives may be suitable for those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet, more suitably for those following a vegan diet.
[67] In certain embodiments, the composition may be added to a foodstuff. Suitable foodstuffs will be well known to a person skilled in the art. For example, the composition may be added to a cereal, chocolate, protein and/or nut bar. Suitably, the foodstuff may be suitable for those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet, more suitably for those following a vegan diet. Suitably, when the composition is added to a foodstuff, the composition and/or foodstuff may comprise further ingredients such as, for example, flavourings and/or additives. Suitably, when present, the flavourings and/or additives may be suitable for those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet, more suitably for those following a vegan diet.
[68] In certain embodiments, the composition may be added to a cosmetic composition, such as a cream. Suitable cosmetic compositions and/or creams will be well known to a person skilled in the art. Suitably, when the composition is added to a cosmetic composition, the composition may be substantially dissolved and/or dispersed in the cosmetic composition. Suitably, when the composition is added to a cosmetic composition, the composition and/or cosmetic composition may comprise further ingredients such as, for example, perfumes, emulsifiers and/or additives. Suitably, when present, the perfumes, emulsifiers and/or additives may be suitable for those following a vegetarian and/or vegan diet, more suitably for those following a vegan diet.
[69] In certain embodiments, the composition may be added to a wound dressing. Suitable methods of adding the composition to a wound dressing will be known to a person skilled in the art. Suitably, when the composition is added to a wound dressing, the composition and/or wound dressing may comprise further ingredients such as, for example, medicaments, antiviral agents and/or antibacterial agents.
[70] According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a capsule and/or tablet, the capsule and/or tablet comprising a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
[71] According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a composition comprising a mixture of isolated amino acids to improve the appearance of the skin of a human subject, the mixture of isolated amino acids comprising: a) 15 to 35 wt% glycine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); b) 5 to 25 wt% proline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); c) 5 to 25 wt% glutamine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); d) 5 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); e) 1 to 20 wt% arginine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); 0 1 to 20 wt% alanine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); and g) 1 to 15 wt% D-aspartic acid, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); wherein the amount of a), b), c), d), e), f) and g) gives a total of 100 wt% based on the total solid weight of a) to g).
[72] By "improve the appearance of the skin", and like terms as used herein, is meant that the skin of a human subject shows reduced wrinkles and/or reduced dryness when compared to the same human subject before using the composition of the present invention. For example, the reduction in wrinkles and/or reduction in skin dryness may be observed visually.
[73] As used herein, unless otherwise expressly specified, all numbers such as those expressing values, ranges, amounts or percentages may be read as if prefaced by the word "about", even if the term does not expressly appear.
[74] All of the features contained herein may be combined with any of the above aspects and in any combination.
[75] For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how embodiments of the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the following examples.
EXAMPLES
[76] Example 1
[77] A powder composition comprising 100 wt% of a mixture of isolated amino acids as outlined in Table 1 was prepared. Each of the amino acids was a commercially available amino acid sourced from beans. Each amino acid is therefore suitable for those following a vegan diet.
[78] Table 1 -Composition of Example 1 Component Amount / wt% a) Glycine 29.30 b) Proline 15.70 c) Glutamine 13.90 d) Hydroxyproline 12.48 e) Arginine 12.42 U Alanine 9.65 9) D-aspartic acid 6.55 Total 100 [79] The composition is suitable for those following a vegan diet and can be used in products instead of, or as a replacement for, marine collagen.
[80] Attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
[81] All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
[82] Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
[83] The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims (15)

  1. CLAIMSA composition comprising a mixture of isolated amino acids, the mixture of isolated amino acids comprising: a) 15 to 35 wt% glycine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); b) 5 to 25 wt% proline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); c) 5 to 25 wt% glutamine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); d) 5 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); e) 1 to 20 wt% arginine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); f) 1 to 20 wt% alanine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); and g) 1 to 15 wt% D-aspartic acid, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); wherein the amount of a), b), c), d), e), f) and g) gives a total of 100 wt% based on the total solid weight of a) to g).
  2. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein components a) to g) are each from a plant-based source.
  3. 3. A composition according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the mixture of isolated amino acids comprises from 26 to 27 wt% glycine based on the total solid weight of components a) to 9).
  4. 4 A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixture of isolated amino acids comprises from 16 to 17 wt% proline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
  5. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixture of isolated amino acids comprises from 14 to 15 wt% glutamine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
  6. 6. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixture of isolated amino acids comprises from 13 to 14 wt% hydroxyproline based on the total solid weight of components a) to g)
  7. 7 A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixture of isolated amino acids comprises from 11 to 12 wt% arginine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g)
  8. 8 A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixture of isolated amino acids comprises from 10 to 11 wt% alanine based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
  9. 9 A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixture of isolated amino acids comprises from 6 to 7 wt% D-aspartic acid based on the total solid weight of components a) to g).
  10. 10. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the composition is in the form of a powder.
  11. 11. A composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the composition is added to a liquid and/or foodstuff.
  12. 12. A capsule and/or tablet, the capsule and/or tablet comprising a composition according to claim 1.
  13. 13. A capsule and/or tablet according to claim 12, wherein the tablet may be in the form of a compressed powder.
  14. 14. A capsule and/or tablet according to claim 12, wherein the capsule is formed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).
  15. 15. Use of a composition comprising a mixture of isolated amino acids to improve the appearance of the skin of a human subject, the mixture of isolated amino acids comprising: a) 15 to 35 wt% glycine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); b) 5 to 25 wt% proline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); c) 5 to 25 wt% glutamine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); d) 5 to 25 wt% hydroxyproline, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); e) 1 to 20 wt% arginine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); 0 1 to 20 wt% alanine, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); and g) 1 to 15 wt% D-aspartic acid, based on the total solid weight of a) to g); wherein the amount of a), b), c), d), e), f) and g) gives a total of 100 wt% based on the total solid weight of a) to g).
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