GB2575576A - De novo synthesized combinatorial nucleic acid libraries - Google Patents
De novo synthesized combinatorial nucleic acid libraries Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2575576A GB2575576A GB1914881.6A GB201914881A GB2575576A GB 2575576 A GB2575576 A GB 2575576A GB 201914881 A GB201914881 A GB 201914881A GB 2575576 A GB2575576 A GB 2575576A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- polynucleotides
- nucleic acid
- variant
- library
- encodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract 53
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract 49
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 77
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 claims 53
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 claims 53
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 claims 53
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 claims 20
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 10
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 claims 8
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims 3
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims 3
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000617156 archaeon Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005754 cellular signaling Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010011953 Decreased activity Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B35/00—ICT specially adapted for in silico combinatorial libraries of nucleic acids, proteins or peptides
- G16B35/10—Design of libraries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1034—Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
- C12N15/1086—Preparation or screening of expression libraries, e.g. reporter assays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1034—Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
- C12N15/1093—General methods of preparing gene libraries, not provided for in other subgroups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
- C40B40/04—Libraries containing only organic compounds
- C40B40/06—Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
- C40B40/08—Libraries containing RNA or DNA which encodes proteins, e.g. gene libraries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B50/00—Methods of creating libraries, e.g. combinatorial synthesis
- C40B50/06—Biochemical methods, e.g. using enzymes or whole viable microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Library & Information Science (AREA)
- Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201762471723P | 2017-03-15 | 2017-03-15 | |
| US201762578326P | 2017-10-27 | 2017-10-27 | |
| PCT/US2018/022487 WO2018170164A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2018-03-14 | De novo synthesized combinatorial nucleic acid libraries |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201914881D0 GB201914881D0 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
| GB2575576A true GB2575576A (en) | 2020-01-15 |
Family
ID=63523968
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1914881.6A Withdrawn GB2575576A (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2018-03-14 | De novo synthesized combinatorial nucleic acid libraries |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180282721A1 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP3596258A4 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP7335165B2 (enExample) |
| KR (2) | KR102607157B1 (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN117888207A (enExample) |
| AU (2) | AU2018234624B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA3056386A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2575576A (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL269288A (enExample) |
| SG (1) | SG11201908489XA (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2018170164A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9409139B2 (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2016-08-09 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | De novo synthesized gene libraries |
| CA2975852A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-08-11 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Methods and devices for de novo oligonucleic acid assembly |
| WO2016172377A1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Devices and methods for oligonucleic acid library synthesis |
| AU2016324296A1 (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2018-04-12 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Oligonucleic acid variant libraries and synthesis thereof |
| CN108698012A (zh) | 2015-09-22 | 2018-10-23 | 特韦斯特生物科学公司 | 用于核酸合成的柔性基底 |
| CN108603307A (zh) | 2015-12-01 | 2018-09-28 | 特韦斯特生物科学公司 | 功能化表面及其制备 |
| CA3034769A1 (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2018-03-01 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | De novo synthesized nucleic acid libraries |
| CN110248724B (zh) | 2016-09-21 | 2022-11-18 | 特韦斯特生物科学公司 | 基于核酸的数据存储 |
| CN110366613A (zh) | 2016-12-16 | 2019-10-22 | 特韦斯特生物科学公司 | 免疫突触的变体文库及其合成 |
| WO2018156792A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2018-08-30 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Nucleic acid based data storage |
| CN110913865A (zh) | 2017-03-15 | 2020-03-24 | 特韦斯特生物科学公司 | 免疫突触的变体文库及其合成 |
| AU2018234624B2 (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2023-11-16 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | De novo synthesized combinatorial nucleic acid libraries |
| IL271205B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2025-02-01 | Twist Bioscience Corp | Methods for assembling continuous nucleic acids |
| WO2018231864A1 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Methods for seamless nucleic acid assembly |
| US11407837B2 (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2022-08-09 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | GPCR binding proteins and synthesis thereof |
| KR102637566B1 (ko) | 2017-10-20 | 2024-02-16 | 트위스트 바이오사이언스 코포레이션 | 폴리뉴클레오타이드 합성을 위한 가열된 나노웰 |
| CN112041438B (zh) | 2018-01-04 | 2025-05-23 | 特韦斯特生物科学公司 | 基于dna的数字信息存储 |
| CA3100739A1 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Polynucleotides, reagents, and methods for nucleic acid hybridization |
| CA3124980A1 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-02 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Highly accurate de novo polynucleotide synthesis |
| KR20210143766A (ko) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-11-29 | 트위스트 바이오사이언스 코포레이션 | Glp1 수용체에 대한 변이체 핵산 라이브러리 |
| CN113785057A (zh) | 2019-02-26 | 2021-12-10 | 特韦斯特生物科学公司 | 用于抗体优化的变异核酸文库 |
| JP2022550497A (ja) | 2019-06-21 | 2022-12-02 | ツイスト バイオサイエンス コーポレーション | バーコードに基づいた核酸配列アセンブリ |
| CA3155629A1 (en) | 2019-09-23 | 2021-04-01 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Variant nucleic acid libraries for crth2 |
| AU2020355027A1 (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2022-04-21 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Antibodies that bind CD3 Epsilon |
| CA3177029A1 (en) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-11-04 | Aaron Sato | Variant nucleic acid libraries for coronavirus |
| US12391762B2 (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2025-08-19 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Methods and compositions relating to GLP1R variants |
| WO2022047076A1 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Devices and methods for synthesis |
| US11970697B2 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2024-04-30 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Methods of synthesizing oligonucleotides using tethered nucleotides |
| EP4281112A4 (en) | 2021-01-21 | 2025-01-15 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATING TO ADENOSINE RECEPTORS |
| US12258406B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2025-03-25 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Antibodies that bind CD3 Epsilon |
| WO2022271884A2 (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-12-29 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Methods and compositions relating to covid antibody epitopes |
| AU2022390457A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2024-06-20 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Dickkopf-1 variant antibodies and methods of use |
| WO2023130123A2 (en) | 2022-01-03 | 2023-07-06 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Bispecific sars-cov-2 antibodies and methods of use |
| US20230325641A1 (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-10-12 | Winbond Electronics Corp. | Light source optimization apparatus and light source optimization method |
| CN114694757B (zh) * | 2022-04-20 | 2025-04-18 | 中南民族大学 | Rna序列编码潜力预测方法及系统 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080287320A1 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2008-11-20 | Codon Devices | Libraries and their design and assembly |
| US20110082055A1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-04-07 | Codexis, Inc. | Reduced codon mutagenesis |
| WO2014035693A2 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-06 | The Scripps Research Institute | Methods and compositions related to modulators of eukaryotic cells |
| US20150038373A1 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-05 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | De novo synthesized gene libraries |
| WO2017049231A1 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Oligonucleic acid variant libraries and synthesis thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5681702A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1997-10-28 | Chiron Corporation | Reduction of nonspecific hybridization by using novel base-pairing schemes |
| US20030130827A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-07-10 | Joerg Bentzien | Protein design automation for protein libraries |
| JP2010520748A (ja) * | 2007-02-20 | 2010-06-17 | アナプティスバイオ インコーポレイティッド | 体細胞超変異系 |
| US8401798B2 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2013-03-19 | Dna Twopointo, Inc. | Systems and methods for constructing frequency lookup tables for expression systems |
| AU2018234624B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2023-11-16 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | De novo synthesized combinatorial nucleic acid libraries |
-
2018
- 2018-03-14 AU AU2018234624A patent/AU2018234624B2/en active Active
- 2018-03-14 SG SG11201908489X patent/SG11201908489XA/en unknown
- 2018-03-14 WO PCT/US2018/022487 patent/WO2018170164A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2018-03-14 KR KR1020197029959A patent/KR102607157B1/ko active Active
- 2018-03-14 JP JP2019549581A patent/JP7335165B2/ja active Active
- 2018-03-14 CN CN202410055914.1A patent/CN117888207A/zh active Pending
- 2018-03-14 US US15/921,479 patent/US20180282721A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-03-14 GB GB1914881.6A patent/GB2575576A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-03-14 CN CN201880032556.5A patent/CN110914486B/zh active Active
- 2018-03-14 EP EP18768130.9A patent/EP3596258A4/en active Pending
- 2018-03-14 CA CA3056386A patent/CA3056386A1/en active Pending
- 2018-03-14 KR KR1020237040300A patent/KR20230163591A/ko not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-09-11 IL IL26928819A patent/IL269288A/en unknown
-
2023
- 2023-01-27 JP JP2023011285A patent/JP7696937B2/ja active Active
-
2024
- 2024-02-16 AU AU2024201012A patent/AU2024201012A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080287320A1 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2008-11-20 | Codon Devices | Libraries and their design and assembly |
| US20110082055A1 (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-04-07 | Codexis, Inc. | Reduced codon mutagenesis |
| WO2014035693A2 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-06 | The Scripps Research Institute | Methods and compositions related to modulators of eukaryotic cells |
| US20150038373A1 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-05 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | De novo synthesized gene libraries |
| WO2017049231A1 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | Twist Bioscience Corporation | Oligonucleic acid variant libraries and synthesis thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110914486B (zh) | 2024-01-30 |
| CA3056386A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
| KR20190129081A (ko) | 2019-11-19 |
| CN110914486A (zh) | 2020-03-24 |
| AU2018234624B2 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
| JP2020511135A (ja) | 2020-04-16 |
| JP7696937B2 (ja) | 2025-06-23 |
| EP3596258A4 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
| JP7335165B2 (ja) | 2023-08-29 |
| KR102607157B1 (ko) | 2023-11-27 |
| SG11201908489XA (en) | 2019-10-30 |
| CN117888207A (zh) | 2024-04-16 |
| IL269288A (en) | 2019-11-28 |
| KR20230163591A (ko) | 2023-11-30 |
| EP3596258A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
| AU2024201012A1 (en) | 2024-06-06 |
| AU2018234624A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
| JP2023087685A (ja) | 2023-06-23 |
| US20180282721A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| WO2018170164A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
| GB201914881D0 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB2575576A (en) | De novo synthesized combinatorial nucleic acid libraries | |
| JP2020511135A5 (enExample) | ||
| MacKay et al. | Gene expression analyzed by high-resolution state array analysis and quantitative proteomics: response of yeast to mating pheromone | |
| Kal et al. | Dynamics of gene expression revealed by comparison of serial analysis of gene expression transcript profiles from yeast grown on two different carbon sources | |
| Glöckner et al. | The genome of the foraminiferan Reticulomyxa filosa | |
| Baker et al. | Extensive DNA-binding specificity divergence of a conserved transcription regulator | |
| NZ759846A (en) | Deep learning-based splice site classification | |
| Galachyants et al. | Sequencing of the complete genome of an araphid pennate diatom Synedra acus subsp. radians from Lake Baikal | |
| US20220081721A1 (en) | Characterization of bone marrow using cell-free messenger-rna | |
| JP2023518274A (ja) | 単一細胞コンビナトリアルインデクシング式サイトメトリーシークエンシング(Single-Cell Combinatorial Indexed Cytometry Sequencing) | |
| KR20240046529A (ko) | 전체 게놈 분석을 기반으로 한 진핵생물의 종 식별 방법 및 이의 용도 | |
| Hernández-Prieto et al. | Toward a systems-level understanding of gene regulatory, protein interaction, and metabolic networks in cyanobacteria | |
| Bahadoor et al. | Clonostachys rosea ‘omics profiling: identification of putative metabolite-gene associations mediating its in vitro antagonism against Fusarium graminearum | |
| Nielsen et al. | Modeling for understanding and engineering metabolism | |
| US20250104801A1 (en) | Method for Engineering Proteins | |
| Awasthi et al. | Molecular phylogeny of four gouramis based on divergent domain D11 of 28S rRNA gene | |
| Vaishnav | Evolution, Evolvability, Expression and Engineering | |
| Tan et al. | Multimodal learning decodes the global binding landscape of chromatin-associated proteins | |
| Sochivko et al. | Mathematics analysis of polymerase chain reaction kinetic curves | |
| Hooley et al. | The genetics and molecular biology of marine fungi | |
| Urs | Deciphering the Genetic Heritage of the People of India: Fireside Chat with Partha Majumder | |
| Han et al. | Structural and evolutionary analyses of the mitochondrial genome of Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa | |
| Tkachev et al. | The use of next-generation sequencing for genetic characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus variants from Western Siberia | |
| Fairhead et al. | André Goffeau's imprinting on second generation yeast “genomologists” | |
| Wei | Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: Exploring the Cellular Landscape and Interactions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |