GB2514202A - Micro-nanobubble generation systems - Google Patents

Micro-nanobubble generation systems Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2514202A
GB2514202A GB1319275.2A GB201319275A GB2514202A GB 2514202 A GB2514202 A GB 2514202A GB 201319275 A GB201319275 A GB 201319275A GB 2514202 A GB2514202 A GB 2514202A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
micro
nanobubble
fluid
generators
nanobubbles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1319275.2A
Other versions
GB201319275D0 (en
Inventor
Wang Nang Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NANO TECH Inc Ltd
Original Assignee
NANO TECH Inc Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB201308919A external-priority patent/GB201308919D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1316992.5A external-priority patent/GB201316992D0/en
Application filed by NANO TECH Inc Ltd filed Critical NANO TECH Inc Ltd
Priority to GB1319275.2A priority Critical patent/GB2514202A/en
Publication of GB201319275D0 publication Critical patent/GB201319275D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2014/051521 priority patent/WO2014184585A2/en
Priority to TW103121594A priority patent/TWI642475B/en
Priority to TW107129800A priority patent/TWI705851B/en
Publication of GB2514202A publication Critical patent/GB2514202A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2373—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media for obtaining fine bubbles, i.e. bubbles with a size below 100 µm
    • B01F23/2375—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media for obtaining fine bubbles, i.e. bubbles with a size below 100 µm for obtaining bubbles with a size below 1 µm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
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    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431972—Mounted on an axial support member, e.g. a rod or bar
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4332—Mixers with a strong change of direction in the conduit for homogenizing the flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4335—Mixers with a converging-diverging cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B01F33/821—Combinations of dissimilar mixers with consecutive receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B01F33/824—Combinations of dissimilar mixers mixing simultaneously in two or more mixing receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/56—General build-up of the mixers
    • B01F35/561—General build-up of the mixers the mixer being built-up from a plurality of modules or stacked plates comprising complete or partial elements of the mixer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/915—Reverse flow, i.e. flow changing substantially 180° in direction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/26—Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)

Abstract

A micro-nanobubble generation system comprising; a fluid input 32, a fluid output 33, at least one gas input and a plurality of micro-nanobubble generators 34, 35, 36, 37 wherein the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are disposed between the fluid input and the fluid output. The plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be connected in series or parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel. Ideally, the micro-bubble generators are at least three of the following; a swirl type, static mixer type, pressurised dissolution type, cavitation type or venturi type. The gas input may form part of one of the generators to form the bubbles.

Description

Micro-nanobubble generation systems This invention relates to a micro-nanobubble generation system and a method of generating micro-nanobubbles. Various systems for generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid are described, in particular using micro-nanobubble generators connected in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.
Background
Nanobubbles and microbubbles are bubbles of gas that may occur within liquid volumes, with nanobubbles having diameters of less than 1 pm but greater than 1 nm, and microbubbles having diameters between 1 and 999 pm. Micro-nanobubbles (MNB) are bubbles having diameters between 1 nm to 999 um.
Please note that throughout the following discussion, the terms "nanobubble" and "microbubble" will be used for convenience, and these should be understood as meaning a bubble on the nanometre or micrometre scale.
When a micro-nanobubble collapses in an ambient liquid, the inertial forces combined with mass conservation lead to bubble wall velocities that become supersonic, causing rapid heating of the bubble interior. The collapse of a single bubble is so violent that light is emitted as single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL).
The measured temperature using the emitted spectrum indicated the temperature in a cavitating bubble cloud is around 25000 Kelvin (see, for example, M.P. Brenner et al, Single-bubble sonoluminescence, Review of Modern Physics, 74, 425 (2002), and S. Hilgenfeldt et al, A simple explanation of light Emission in sonoluminescence, Nature, 398, 402 (1999)).
With thousands of MNB5 present in the liquid, the energy created during the collapse of these bubbles is so great that the they are worth harvesting and putting into good applications (see, for example, F.Y. Ushikubo et al, Evidence of the existence and the stability of nano-bubbles in water, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng.
Aspects 361, 31 (2010)). The released energy from the collapsed micro-nanobubbles could transform the neighbouring water to form radicals with strong oxidising power. MNBs containing air or oxygen could be chemical-free and environmentally-friendly cleaning and sterilizing media. The buoyancy of micro-nanobubbles decreases as the bubble size decreases. The smaller bubbles hence have a longer lifetime within the liquid. The charge density increases as the bubble size decreases, and these negative charges prevent the nano-bubbles from forming clusters.
Conventionally, nanobubbles are formed in fluids using a single nanobubble generating apparatus or at most two nanobubble generating apparatus. The apparatus may be one of several types of micro-nanobubble generators known in the art (see Table 1 below), e.g. a generator that uses the Venturi principle to generate bubbles ("Venturi-type"), a generator that uses a swirling motion of the fluid to create bubbles ("swirl-type"), a generator that uses mixing to create bubbles ("mixer-type"), a generator that uses the principle of cavitation to create bubbles ("cavitation-type"), a generator that uses the principle of pressure dissolution to create bubbles ("pressurised dissolution type"), etc. Table 1 lists the major pros and cons of each type of micro-nanobubble generator.
Table 1
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
Method Concentration Uniformity Lifetime Pressurized High Low Low Dissolution ______________ ______________ ______________ Swirl flow Low High High Static mixer Low Low Low Cavitation Low Low High Venturi Low Low Medium As shown in the table, any single micro-nanobubble generator type is limited in its ability to generate micro-nanobubbles of high concentration (density), good uniform size distribution, and long lifetime.
As examples of prior art nanobubble generators, there may be mentioned US 7,874,546, US 7,997,563, US 201 310034829A1, US 2007/0095937A1 and EP2116589, which each disclose nanobubble generating apparatuses using a single or at most two nanobubble generators.
To increase the density, the output from a generator may be fed back into the input of the generator. The generator then generates bubbles in a liquid which already contains a number of nanobubbles, and so the overall density of nanobubbles is increased. This prior art process is shown schematically in Fig. 1. A nanobubble generator 1 has a fluid input 2 and a fluid output 3. A feedback step 4 may be repeated a number of times.
However, the increase in density of nanobubbles diminishes each time the output is fed back to the input, which may ultimately result in a maximum density of nanobubbles in the output liquid that is still relatively low. Additionally, the nanobubble flux (i.e. the number of nanobubbles passing a fixed point per second) attained at the fluid output by this technique may not be sufficient for many applications.
Whichever type of generator is used there will be a limit to the maximum density of nanobubbles that may be created by that generator. Often, there may be applications for fluids containing nanobubbles where it is desirable to produce a greater density of nanobubbles with highly uniform size distribution and high flux than this maximum of individual generator.
Another prior art process, using two nanobubble generators, is shown schematically in Fig. 2. A first nanobubble generator 7 has a fluid input 5. The first nanobubble generator may be of first type, for example, swirl type. The output of the first nanobubble generator 7 is fed into the input of a second nanobubble generator 8.
The second nanobubble generator 8 may be of a second type, for example, Venturi type, which is different from the first type. U.S. Pat. No. 7,997,563 B2 discloses an apparatus for generating microbubbles comprising a swirling flow generating vane nozzle and a vortex breakdown venturi tube. U.S. Fat. No. 201 310034829A1 discloses an apparatus using the Venturi type tube and a porous gas disperser of <1pm sized holes, so as the gas exits into the liquid it is already in bubble form.
Surface tension of the bubble over the holes is high however, so often the bubble is not released until it has reached a size much larger than the hole at which it was created, greatly reducing the efficacy of the disperser. Following the Young-Laplace relation AF=2cylr, where a is the surface tension of the bubble, and r is the radius of the bubble, when a large bubble is formed, the air flow tends to fill the large bubble due to the smaller balance pressure at the expense of all the other smaller bubbles.
U.S. Pat. No. 2007/0095937 discloses an apparatus that uses a combination of a Venturi tube similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 2013/0034829A1 combined with a pressure dissolution method to create more microbubbles.
These prior art methods fall short of generating nanobubbles with a combination of high concentration (density), good uniform size distribution, and long lifetime. The present invention aims to solve some of the abovementioned shortcomings
associated with prior art nanobubble generators.
Aim of the Invention It is an aim of the present invention to provide a system which creates micro-nanobubbles with greater density and flux than prior art systems. The present invention also capable of creating microbubbles or nanobubbles with very narrow bubble size distribution. This aim is achieved by creating a micro-nanobubble generator system which comprises a plurality of micro-nanobubble generators.
These may be connected in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.
The sequence of the nanobubble generators may be arranged in a compatible manner to offer the maximum benefit of each nanobubble generator. The nanobubble generating system preferably comprises at least three of the nanobubble generators. A pulsed mechanism can also be implemented to generate the microbubbles and nanobubbles in a time sequence separated from each other.
Summary of the invention
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a micro-nanobubble generation system comprising: a fluid input; a gas input, a fluid output; and a plurality of micro-nanobubble generators; wherein the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are disposed between the fluid input and the fluid output.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid comprising the steps of: providing a fluid input; providing at least one gas input; providing a fluid output; providing a plurality of micro-nanobubble generators between the fluid input and the fluid output; and passing fluid through the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators.
The plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may comprise at least three of the following micro-nano bubble generators: swirl type, static mixer type, pressurised dissolution type, cavitation type, and Venturi type.
The plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be connected in series. The plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be connected in parallel.
At least two of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be connected in series and at least two of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be connected in parallel.
At least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be a Venturi-type micro-nanobubble generator.
At least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be a swirl-type micro-nanobubble generator.
At least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be a cavitation-type micro-nanobubble generator.
At least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be a pressurised dissolution micro-nanobubble generator.
At least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators may be a static mixer-type micro-nanobubble generator which may be one of: a spherical swirl mixer, a cylindrical swirl mixer, and a static mixer.
A pump may be connected between the fluid input and the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators. A gas input may be placed before the pump. A gas input may be placed after the pump.
At least one gas input may comprise micro-pores or nano-pores.
The fluid input may flow upwards, downwards, in a horizontal manner, or a combination of all three.
An extra gas input is placed near the fluid output for enhanced gas injection volume.
The fluid output may be controlled to flow in a pulsated fashion by mechanical or electronic means.
The fluid output may be controlled in a fashion that microbubbles and nanobubbles are generated in different time zones.
The gas input may optionally be connected before the pump or after the pump.
Advantageously, the gas may be introduced both before and after the pump. The gas input may comprise single or multiple holes of rnicrometre-order or nanometre-order size. An extra gas input may be provided near the fluid output to increase the total gas input.
The gas input with the micrometre-order or nanometre-order holes may optionally comprise at least one hydrophobic material or hydrophobic coating. One example of a suitable hydrophobic material is a fluoro-silicone membrane.
The gas input may optionally be placed near the surface of fluid, with a strong Coanda effect, so that the nanobubbles do not have time to grow before being swept away.
The microbubbles and nanobubbles can be generated simultaneously through a parallel arrangement of a microbubble generation system and a nanobubble generation system. Microbubbles and nanobubbles can exit from two different exits at the same time. A timer valve can also be employed to generate microbubbles and nanobubbles in a timed sequence. Microbubbles and nanobubbles may be present in the fluid in different time zones.
The micro-nanobubbles can be generated in a pulsating fashion using a mechanical or electronic fluid pulsating controller to manipulate the input fluid or fluid output of the micro-nanobubble generator system.
The invention thereby provides an additive manufacturing method wherein each component I module can be added into the micro-and nanobubble generation system in parallel or series or a combination thereof to manipulate the total bubble density, bubble size distribution, and total flux of the liquid containing the nanobubbles.
Conveniently, separate generator modules may be fitted together, e.g. by simple screwing, in a repeatable and reversible manner.
Detailed description
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 schematically shows a prior art nanobubble generation system; Fig. 2 schematically shows a prior art nanobubble generation system; Figs. 3a-c schematically show nanobubble generation systems in accordance with the present invention, in which the nanobubble generators are connected in series; Figs. 4a and 4b schematically show nanobubble generation systems in accordance with the present invention, in which the nanobubble generators are connected in parallel; Fig. 5 schematically shows a nanobubble generation system in accordance with the present invention, in which the nanobubble generators are connected in a combination of series and parallel; Fig. 6a and 6b schematically show a nanobubble generation systems in accordance with the present invention, in which the nanobubble generators are connected in a combination of series and parallel; Figs. la-v schematically show various nanobubble generators which may be used in the present invention; Fig. 8 schematically shows various placements of a gas input for the micro-nanobubble generator system; Figs. 9 and 10 show a micro-nanobubble generating system to provide pulsating micro-na nobu bbl es; Fig. 11 shows a graph of nanobubble number against time, where micro-nanobubbles are generated in different time zones.
Figs. 12 and 13 schematically show a micro-nanobubble generating system with the generators arranged in a combination of vertical up flow and horizontal flow; and Fig. 14 shows a graph showing the typical nanobubble density and size distribution of the system shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
A first embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in Fig. 3a. The nanobubble generation system comprises a fluid input 9 (e.g. a water tap) and a fluid output 10, with three nanobubble generators 11, 12, 13, disposed between the fluid input 8 and the fluid output 10. Each nanobubble generator has a respective input and output.
In this embodiment, the three nanobubble generators 11, 12, 13, are connected in series. This means that the output of the first nanobubble generator 11 is connected to the input of the second nanobubble generator 12. Additionally, the output of the second nanobubble generator 12 is connected to the input of the third nanobubble generator 13. As can be seen from the embodiment shown in Fig. 3a, the term "in series" can be understood to be analogous to connecting components of an electrical circuit in series.
The connections 14, 15 between the nanobubble generator may comprise chambers, which may be held at a predetermined pressure, either high or low, to allow the subsequent nanobubble generator operate at its maximum efficiency. For example, if the nanobubble generator 13 was a Venturi-type nanobubble generator, the preceding connection chamber 15 would be held at a pressure of around 0.2 MRs to allow the Venturi-type nanobubble generator to operate at its maximum efficiency.
The three nanobubble generators 11, 12, 13 may each comprise a different type of nanobubble generator to form a hybrid nanobubble generation system, e.g. nanobubble generator 11 may be a swirl-type nanobubble generator (such as that described with reference to Fig. 7c below for example), nanobubble generator 12 may be a mixer-type nanobubble generator (such as that described with reference to Fig. 7j below for example), and nanobubble generator 13 may be a Venturi-type nanobubble generator (such as that described with reference to Fig. 7m below for example), and this arrangement is shown in Fig. 3b. In an alternative arrangement, there may be more than one of the same type of generator present, e.g. nanobubble generator 11 may comprise a swirl-type nanobubble generator module and nanobubble generators 12 and 13 may comprise mixer-type nanobubble generator modules, and this arrangement is shown in Fig. 3c. Alternatively, all three nanobubble generators 11, 12, 13 could comprise the same type of nanobubble generator module. The choice of nanobubble generator type will depend on the intended application and the required condition to maximise the nanobubble generation efficiency.
Connecting the nanobubble generators 11, 12, 13 in series allows the nanobubble density (i.e. the number of nanobubbles per cubic centimetre of fluid) to be greatly increased compared to prior art systems. Experimentally, hybrid systems comprising a Venturi-type nanobubble generator, a mixer-type nanobubble generator, and a swirl-type nanobubble generator have been shown to produce nanobubble densities of around 100,000 nanobubbles per cubic centimetre in water.
A second embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in Figs. 4a and 4b.
The nanobubble generation system comprises a fluid input 16 and a fluid output 17, with three nanobubble generator modules 18, 19, 20 disposed between the fluid input 16 and the fluid output 17. Each nanobubble generator has a respective input and output.
In this embodiment, the three nanobubble generators 18, 19, 20 are connected in parallel. This means that the fluid input 16 splits and is fed into the inputs of each of the three nanobubble generators 18, 19, 20. Additionally (as shown in Fig. 4b), the outputs of each of the three nanobubble generators 18, 19, 20 may be manipulated and fed to the fluid output 17 through valves a, b, c, and d respectively located in output lines leading from generator 18 to output 17, generator 18 to generator 19, generator 19 to output 17 and generator 19 to generator 20. As can be seen from the embodiment shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, the term "in parallel" can be understood to be analogous to connecting components of an electrical circuit in parallel.
As in the first embodiment, the three nanobubble generators 18, 19, 20 may each comprise a different type of nanobubble generator, e.g. nanobubble generator 18 may be a Venturi-type nanobubble generator, nanobubble generator 19 may be a swirl-type nanobubble generator, and nanobubble generator 20 may be a cavitation-type nanobubble generator. This is known as a hybrid nanobubble generator system. Alternatively, all at least two, and possibly all of the nanobubble generators 18, 19, 20 may comprise the same type of nanobubble generator, e.g. all Venturi-type.
Connecting the nanobubble generators in parallel allows the nanobubble flux (i.e. the number of nanobubbles passing a fixed point at the output per second) to be
increased compared to prior art systems.
Although the embodiments of Figs. 3a-c and 4a-b show three nanobubble generators connected in accordance with the present invention, it should be noted that this is merely exemplary.
A third embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in Fig. 5. The nanobubble generation system comprises a fluid input 21 and a fluid output 22, with nine nanobubble generators 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 disposed between the fluid input 21 and the fluid output 22. Each nanobubble generator has a respective input and output.
In this embodiment, the nanobubble generators are connected in a combination of series and parallel. This means that the fluid input 21 splits and is fed into the inputs of each of three nanobubble generator subsystems, similar to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3a, which each comprise three nanobubble generators connected in series. Additionally, the outputs of each of the three nanobubble generator subsystems are combined and fed to the fluid output 22.
As in the first embodiment, the three nanobubble generators of each nanobubble generator subsystem may each comprise a different type of nanobubble generator, e.g. in the top nanobubble generator subsystem, nanobubble generator 23 may be a Venturi-type nanobubble generator, nanobubble generator 24 may be a swirl-type nanobubble generator, and nanobubble generator 25 may be a mixer-type nanobubble generator. Alternatively, at least two or possibly all three nanobubble generators in the nanobubble generator subsystem 23, 24, 25 may comprise the same type of nanobubble generator, e.g. all Venturi-type. The same applies for the middle nanobubble generator subsystem 26, 27, 28 and the bottom nanobubble generator subsystem 29, 30, 31 shown in Fig. 5.
A further embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in Figs. 6a and 6b, Fig. 6b showing a more detailed view of the highly schematic Fig. 6a. This embodiment shows a further example of how the nanobubble generators may be connected in a combination of series and parallel. The nanobubble generation system shown comprises a fluid input 32 and a fluid output 33, with four nanobubble generators 34, 35, 36, 37 disposed between the fluid input 32 and the fluid output 33. Each nanobubble generator has a respective input and output.
In this embodiment, the nanobubble generators are connected in a combination of series and parallel. The first two nanobubble generators 34 and 35 are connected in parallel. As can be seen, the fluid input 32 splits and is fed into the respective input of each nanobubble generator 34, 35. The outputs of each nanobubble generator 34, 35 are recombined. The second two nanobubble generators 36, 37 are connected in series. The output of nanobubble generator 36 is fed into the input of nanobubble generator 37.
Fig. 6b shows that in this case, the two parallel generators 34 and 35 are both Venturi-type (such as that described with reference to Fig. 7n below for example) located within a common generator module, the second generator 36 is of the static mixer type such as that described with reference to Fig. 7j below for example, while third generator 37 is of the Venturi type such as that described with reference to Fig. 7q below for example.
Connecting the nanobubble generators in a combination of series and parallel allows the nanobubble concentration and the nanobubble flux to be adjusted to suit the intended application.
Figs. 7a-v illustrate various different types of micro-nanobubble generator, some with a single type of generator and some with the combination of different types of generator.
Fig. 7a illustrates a swirl-type generator module having a screw swirl component 101 located approximately centrally within the internal chamber of the module. A screw thread 109 coiled around the component 101 forces the through-flowing liquid-gas mixture to flow in a helical vortex. Gas is introduced through an aspiration tube 105 in the wall of the module leading to the interior of the component and to a hydrophobic membrane, forming part of the exterior surface of the component, perforated with minute pores 102 which releases nanobubbles into the flow.
Fig. 7b illustrates a swirl-type generator module having a cylindrical swirl component without a gas feeding system. Helical ridges 601 formed on the inner surface of the module's internal chamber induce a vortex flow parallel thereto.
Fig. 7c illustrates a swirl-type generator module having a cylindrical swirl component with a gas feeding system. Helical ridges 601 formed on the inner surface of the module's internal chamber induce a vortex flow parallel thereto. A hydrophobic membrane 602 perforated with minute pores, lining the chamber, constitutes a gas feeding system. The vortex flow minimizes the pressure field over the membrane, therefore gas feeding is maximized. Gas may also be introduced through aspiration tube 603 through the wall of the module.
Fig. 7d illustrates a swirl-type generator module having a Coanda spherical swirl component 702 located within the module's internal chamber without a gas feeding system. Coanda blades 704 located on the component have the appropriate radii of curvature for inducing the Coanda effect within the flow over their surface. The resulting vortex creates a very high occurrence of cavitation for producing further microbubbles and nanobubbles.
Fig. 7e illustrates a swirl-type generator module having a Coanda spherical swirl component 702 located within the internal chamber of the module, with a gas feeding system. The Coanda blades 704 have the appropriate radii of curvature for inducing the Coanda effect within the flow over their surface. The resulting vortex creates a very high occurrence of cavitation for producing further microbubbles and nanobubbles. A hydrophobic membrane 707 perforated with minute pores, located on component 702 constitutes a gas feeding system. The vortex flow due to the Coanda effect minimizes the pressure field over the membrane, therefore gas feeding is maximized. Gas may also be introduced through aspiration tube 703 passing through the module's wall.
Figs. 7f and 7g show cross-sectional and plan views respectively of a swirl-type generator module having a spherical swirl input component. The flow is injected tangentially to the cylindrical internal chamber 201 therefore causing it to move in a helical vortex.
Fig. 7h illustrates a swirl-type generator module having an elliptical swirl chamber 401. The ellipsoid cross section of the chamber forces the flow to move in a helical vortex of narrowing diameter. This flow pattern has a pressure minimum on the inner surface of the chamber causing the bubbles to expand. The radii of curvature of the flow outlets induce the Coanda effect in the flow thereover and hence a high occurrence of cavitation for producing further microbubbles and nanobubbles in the expelled fluid.
Fig. 7i illustrates a cross-sectional view of the elliptical swirl chamber of Fig. 7h normal to the axis connecting the flow outlets. It highlights how the flow input is tangential to the swirl chamber 401.
Fig. 7j illustrates a static mixer-type generator module. A plurality, in this case nine, of radially inwardly projecting mixing pins 501, projecting into the internal chamber of the module, create a turbulent flow that breaks microbubbles down into nanobubbles. Gas is fed via aspiration tubes 503 located within the mixing pins 501 and delivered to hydrophobic, porous, spherical heads 502 of the pins that deliver gas as nanobubbles into the surrounding fluid.
Fig. 7k illustrates 3 axial cross sectional views of the mixing chamber through the planes x, y and z shown in Fig. 7j. The mixing pins 501 are distributed about the chamber with a regular angular spacing of 120°. Each consecutive triplet of pins is rotated by an angle of 60° relative to the previous.
Fig. 71 illustrates a static mixer-type generator module similar to that shown in Figs. 7j-k, where the mixing pins 501 do not have aspiration tubes.
Fig. 7m illustrates a Venturi-type generator module without a gas feeding system.
The internal chamber of the module is formed with a variable pipe diameter along its flow axis. A narrowing pipe diameter at pressure dissolution region 300 forces gas to dissolve into the liquid. The flow accelerates within the narrowest section 301 which then allows the dissolved gas molecules to coalesce and form microbubbles due to the corresponding fall in pressure.
Fig. 7n illustrates a Venturi-type generator module with a gas feeding system. The internal chamber of the module is formed with a variable pipe diameter along its flow axis. A narrowing pipe diameter at pressure dissolution region 300 forces gas to dissolve into the liquid. The flow accelerates within the narrowest section 301 which then allows the dissolved gas molecules to coalesce and form microbubbles due to the corresponding fall in pressure. Additionally gas is fed via an aspiration tube 303 passing through the chamber wall to a hydrophobic membrane 302 perforated with minute pores, forming part of the interior wall of the chamber at its narrowest diameter, for feeding the gas to the flow therein as nanobubbles.
Fig. 70 illustrates a generator module having both a Venturi component and a Coanda flow divider component 304 located within the module's internal chamber in series, without any gas feeding system. The internal chamber of the module is formed with a variable pipe diameter along its flow axis, and the Venturi component operates just as in Fig. 7m. The Coanda flow divider 304 has the appropriate radii of curvature for inducing the Coanda effect in the flow thereover and hence a high occurrence of cavitation for producing further microbubbles and nanobubbles in the expelled fluid.
Fig. 7p illustrates a generator module having both a Venturi component and Coanda flow divider component 304 in series, with a gas feeding system with aspiration tube 303 leading to the exterior of the module on the latter. The Venturi component operates as in Fig. 7m. The Coanda flow divider 304 has the appropriate radii of curvature for inducing the Coanda effect in the flow thereover and hence a high occurrence of cavitation for producing further microbubbles and nanobubbles in the expelled fluid. Furthermore the Coanda effect minimizes the pressure field over a hydrophobic membrane 302 perforated with minute pores, partially covering divider 304, hence maximizing the nanobubble flux released therefrom.
Fig. 7q illustrates a Venturi-type generator module with a gas feeding system. The pressure dissolution effect is just as described for Fig. 7m. However, an additional feature of this embodiment is the curvature on the Venturi body 309 (i.e. the shaped internal wall of the module, which is appropriate to induce the Coanda effect in the flow thereover. This minimizes the pressure field over a hydrophobic membrane 302 perforated with minute pores covering a lower portion of the body 309, hence maximizing the nanobubble flux released therefrom.
Fig. 7r illustrates a cavitation-type generator module. Flowing microbubbles enter the internal chamber of the module, which here is an empty space 901, and cavitate due to the rise in pressure. The shockwaves this produces create oscillating shear forces in the surrounding fluid which forms further microbubbles. This cavitation can cause damage to solid parts of the components through mechanical erosion, so the cavitation tube with nothing in it allows this process to happen with minimal damage to any protruding components.
Fig. 7s illustrates a cavitation-type generator module with a tapered outlet where the internal diameter of the module's internal chamber decreases in the direction of flow.
The tapered outlet increases the pressure within the cavitation chamber thus requiring the microbubbles and nanobubbles to become smaller.
Fig. 7t illustrates a cavitation-type generator module with the flow outlet directed perpendicular to the chamber's major axis. The microbubbles within the fluid collide with a wall 902 at the end of the chamber 901 opposite the inlet causing them to cavitate and produce further microbubbles.
Fig. 7u illustrates a generator module having a Venturi component in parallel with a recirculating mixer component, with gas feeding on the latter mechanism. The Venturi mechanism and mixing mechanisms are generally similar to those described in Figs. 7m and 7j respectively, with the Venturi component comprising baffles placed in the flow, so that the in-flow either enters the central region of reduced diameter, or between the baffles and the module wall (mixing zone 804), where the pins of the mixer component are located. Since the baffles meet the module wall at their lower end, thus closing off the mixing zone, the fluid within the mixing zone 804 is forced to recirculate back towards the flow inlet thus increasing the retention time of microbubbles within the mixing zone allowing more of them to become nanobubbles before being expelled via the outlet.
Fig. 7v illustrates a generator module having parallel-arranged Venturi and mixer components, with gas feeding on the mixing pins. Pressure dissolution occurs in the same way as described for Fig. 7m. The microbubbles that form within the narrowest section 301 are rapidly broken down into nanobubbles by the mixing pins therein. Furthermore nanobubbles are released by the gas feeding system 303 as in Fig. 7j.
It will be noted that all of the above-described generator modules may be simply connected together e.g. by screwing (as shown, each module having a screw-thread at each end), or indeed by other pipe-connecting techniques, being capable of disconnection and reconnection as required.
A further embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 8 illustrates how in any of the aforementioned systems gas feeding may occur at any stage within the system. Where a pump 40 is used subsequent to the fluid input 38, gas feeding may occur before the pump as illustrated at 42, or after the pump as illustrated at 43. Gas feeding may also occur after the microbubble and/or nanobubble generator(s) 41, as illustrated at 44, before the fluid outlet 39. Gas can be input in one of the marked locations 42, 43, 44, or multiple locations with no upper limit for how many locations at which gas is inputted.
A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 9. Here, the micro-nanobubble generator system is equipped with a mechanical rotator having opposed nozzles 61 and 62 driving a valve member, water flow through the rotator creating the clockwise rotating of the valve member. The valve member is located adjacent a surface formed with fluid inlet valve holes 63 and 64. Rotation of the valve member will open and close the fluid inlet valve holes 63 and 64, creating a pulsed micro-nanobubble fluid suitable for specific applications.
A pulsed micro-nanobubble fluid can also be produced using a solenoid valve to open and close the fluid supply. This is illustrated in Fig. 10. If the micro-nanobubble generator system 73, 74, and 75 is designed to generate microbubbles, and 76, 77, 78 for nanobubbles, then time separated microbubbles and nanobubbles can be generated. Fig. 11 shows a graph of micro/nanobubble number versus time, wherein a number of nanobubbles are generated in a first time zone Zi, and a number of microbubbles are generated in a second time zone Z2.
A further embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in Fig. 12. The fluid in the nanobubble generating system is arranged to flow upwards from the fluid input 81, through the cylindrical swirl flow module 83, static mixer module 84, and Venturi plus Coanda valve module 85. The fluid with micro-nanobubbles then enters the cavitation chamber module 86, followed by a horizontal nanobubble generator system with a spherical swirl flow module 87 and Venturi type nanobubble generator module 88. Gas feeding occurs as illustrated as 89.
Fig. 13 illustrates a system for such configuration. Any of the abovementioned components modules may be connected in series in an upwards direction. In this case, the components are encased within a larger holding tank I reservoir, so that any microbubbles will have a longer induction time to evolve into nanobubbles. A further horizontal nanobubble generator system with the extra swirl and Venturi plus Coanda valve modules will increase the nanobubble density further. Fig. 14 shows the typical nanobubble density and size distribution of such a system. The nanobubble size is very uniform within the range of 50-300 nm, and the density is calculated using Nanosight NS500 system as 2.5x108 Iml.
A further embodiment of the invention is where the micro-nanobubble generator system is partially or completely submerged inside the fluid. The power of the system can be electric, compressed air, tap water, gravity, wind power, hydraulic or any other energy source. In a preferred embodiment, it is designed to be powered by compressed air, which turns a rotor blade, in turn turning a propeller blade that is separated from the gas compartment to pump water into the apparatus. The compressed air can escape via a passage to a hydrophobic membrane where it is then introduced into the liquid in the form of micro/nano bubbles. In this case sufficient pressure is made for creation of nanobubbles by compressed air, although the invention in general can be powered by any sufficient pressure source, be it from gravity, or specific pump, or even household water pressure.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above, and other possibilities will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (41)

  1. Claims 1. A micro-nanobubble generator system comprising: a fluid input; a fluid output; at least one gas input; and a plurality of micro-nanobubble generators; wherein the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are disposed between the fluid input and the fluid output.
  2. 2. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to claim 1 where the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators comprise at least three of the following micro-nano bubble generators: swirl type, static mixer type, pressurised dissolution type, cavitation type, and Venturi type.
  3. 3. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in series.
  4. 4. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in parallel.
  5. 5. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in series and at least two of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in parallel.
  6. 6. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a Venturi-type micro-nanobubble generator.
  7. 7. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a swirl-type micro-nanobubble generator.
  8. 8. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a cavitation-type micro-nanobubble generator.
  9. 9. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a pressurised dissolution micro-nanobubble generator.
  10. 10. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a static mixer-type micro-nanobubble generator.
  11. 11. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to claim 10, wherein the static mixer type micro-nanobubble generator comprises one of: a spherical swirl mixer, a cylindrical swirl mixer, and a static mixer.
  12. 12. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein a pump is connected between the fluid input and the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators.
  13. 13. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to claim 12, wherein a gas input is placed before the pump.
  14. 14. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to claim 12 or 13, wherein a gas input is placed after the pump.
  15. 15. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one gas input comprises micro-pores or nano-pores.
  16. 16. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein the fluid input flows upwards, downwards, in a horizontal manner, or a combination of all three.
  17. 17. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein an extra gas input is placed near the fluid output for enhanced gas injection volume.
  18. 18. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein the fluid output is controlled to flow in a pulsated fashion by mechanical or electronic means.
  19. 19. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein the fluid output is controlled in a fashion that microbubbles and nanobubbles are generated in different time zones.
  20. 20. A micro-nanobubble generator system according to any preceding claim, wherein the micro-nanobubble generator system is immersed in a fluid.
  21. 21. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid comprising the steps of: providing a fluid input; providing at least one gas input; providing a fluid output; providing a plurality of micro-nanobubble generators between the fluid input and the fluid output; and passing fluid through the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators.
  22. 22. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to claim 21 where the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators comprise at least three of the following micro-nano bubble generators: swirl type, static mixer type, pressurised dissolution type, cavitation type, and Venturi type.
  23. 23. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to claim 21, wherein the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in series.
  24. 24. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to claim 21, wherein the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in parallel.
  25. 25. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to claim 21, wherein at least two of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in series and at least two of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators are connected in parallel.
  26. 26. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 25, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a Venturi-type micro-nanobubble generator.
  27. 27. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 26, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a swirl-type micro-nanobubble generator.
  28. 28. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 27, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a cavitation-type m icro-nanobubble generator.
  29. 29. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 28, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a pressurised dissolution micro-nanobubble generator.
  30. 30. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 29, wherein at least one of the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators is a static mixer-type micro-nanobubble generator.
  31. 31. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to claim 30, wherein the static mixer type micro-nanobubble generator comprises one of: a spherical swirl mixer, a cylindrical swirl mixer, and a static mixer.
  32. 32. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 31, wherein a pump is connected between the fluid input and the plurality of micro-nanobubble generators.
  33. 33. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to claim 32, wherein a gas input is placed before the pump.
  34. 34. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to claim 32 or 33, wherein a gas input is placed after the pump.
  35. 35. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 34, wherein at least one gas input comprises micro-pores or nano-pores.
    0
  36. 36. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 35, wherein the fluid input flows upwards, downwards, in a horizontal manner, or a combination of all three.
  37. 37. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 36, wherein an extra gas input is placed near the fluid output for enhanced gas injection volume.
  38. 38. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 37, wherein the fluid output is controlled to flow in a pulsated fashion by mechanical or electronic means.
  39. 39. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 38, wherein the fluid output is controlled in a fashion that microbubbles and nanobubbles are generated in different time zones.
  40. 40. A method of generating micro-nanobubbles in a fluid according to any of claims 21 to 39, wherein the micro-nanobubble generators are immersed in a fluid.
  41. 41. A micro-nanobubble generator system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 3a to 14.
GB1319275.2A 2013-05-16 2013-10-31 Micro-nanobubble generation systems Withdrawn GB2514202A (en)

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GB1319275.2A GB2514202A (en) 2013-05-16 2013-10-31 Micro-nanobubble generation systems
PCT/GB2014/051521 WO2014184585A2 (en) 2013-05-16 2014-05-16 Creating and using controlled fine bubbles
TW103121594A TWI642475B (en) 2013-06-24 2014-06-23 Fine bubbles generrator system and method generating fine bubbles in a fluid
TW107129800A TWI705851B (en) 2013-06-24 2014-06-23 Cleaning device, shower head and method of cleaning semiconductor, designating device for guiding fine bubbles in fluid volume, method of guideing fine bubbles from fluid volume to object destination, method for improving efficiency of boat and boat including fine bubble generator

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GB201308919A GB201308919D0 (en) 2013-05-16 2013-05-16 Controlling the creation of nanobubbles and uses of nanobubbles
GB201311159A GB201311159D0 (en) 2013-05-16 2013-06-24 Nanobubble hand washer & dryer
GBGB1316992.5A GB201316992D0 (en) 2013-09-24 2013-09-24 Micronanobubble shower device and system
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