GB2510125A - Inductive electric vehicle charging responsive to human or animal detection - Google Patents

Inductive electric vehicle charging responsive to human or animal detection Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2510125A
GB2510125A GB1301241.4A GB201301241A GB2510125A GB 2510125 A GB2510125 A GB 2510125A GB 201301241 A GB201301241 A GB 201301241A GB 2510125 A GB2510125 A GB 2510125A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vehicle
sensors
charging
charging station
induction coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1301241.4A
Other versions
GB201301241D0 (en
GB2510125B (en
Inventor
David White
Richard Parkins
Jeremy Greenwood
Chris Clarke
Martin Pett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
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Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to GB1301241.4A priority Critical patent/GB2510125B/en
Publication of GB201301241D0 publication Critical patent/GB201301241D0/en
Publication of GB2510125A publication Critical patent/GB2510125A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2510125B publication Critical patent/GB2510125B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle 1 has an induction coil 11 for charging by a base coil 13 in a charging station S, means 19 to transmit control signals to the charging station S, and sensors 21,23 to detect a human or animal. The control means 19 is dependent on the sensors 21,23. The person or animal may be in or close to the vehicle 1. The control signal may cause the charging station S to reduce, inhibit or stop charging when a body is detected. The sensors 21,23 may be parking sensors, blind spot detectors or external cameras. Also disclosed is a charging station with human or animal sensors controlling the inductive charging of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and systems for clearing an inductive charging area by expelling fluid.

Description

VEHICLE CHARGING METHOD AND APPARATUS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a vehicle charging method and apparatus. Aspects of the invention relate to a motor vehicle; to an apparatus for controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle; to a method of controlling charging of an energy storage device; and to a charging station.
BACKGROUND
Motor vehicles having one or more electric drive motors are becoming increasingly common.
By way of example, these vehicles can be Electric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHV) etc. A chemical battery comprising a plurality of cells is commonly provided as an energy source for the electric drive motor(s). The battery can be charged by regenerating energy while the vehicle is travelling, for example using regenerative braking techniques. Alternatively, the battery can be charged by connection to a mains electrical supply.
The connection to the mains electrical supply can be a wired connection or a wireless (induction) connection. The wireless connection uses a base induction coil to establish a varying electromagnetic field which couples to an induction coil disposed in the vehicle. The electromagnetic field induces a current within the vehicle induction coil which is used to charge the vehicle battery. The effect of exposure by an individual to an electromagnetic field is not known. However, there are legal guidelines that govern the field strength to which people can be exposed.
It is against this background that the present invention has been conceived. At least certain embodiments of the present invention set out to overcome or ameliorate at least some of the
shortcomings of prior art systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Aspects of the present invention provide a motor vehicle; an apparatus for controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle; a method of controlling charging of an energy storage device; and a charging station.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a motor vehicle comprising: an electric drive system including at least one electric traction motor and an energy storage device; an induction coil for coupling with a base induction coil provided in a charging station to charge said energy storage device; one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or an animal; and control means for transmitting a control signal to control operation of the charging station in dependence on said one or more sensors. The control means disposed in the vehicle can thereby control operation of the charging station. For example, the control means can initiate and/or interrupt and/or terminate a charging cycle. Equally, the control means can vary the charge rate.
The control means can be configured to transmit said control signal to control the electromagnetic field created by the base induction coil. The control signal can cause the charging station to increase or decrease the electromagnetic field created by the base induction coil. Notably, decreasing or cancelling the electromagnetic field may be appropriate if a human or an animal is in the vicinity of the vehicle. The charging station can be configured to de-energize the base induction coil upon receipt of the control signal from the control means. This may be of particular importance in a vehicle having an aluminium chassis which may not form as effective a shield from an electromagnetic field as a steel chassis.
The control means can be coupled to said one or more sensors over a vehicle communication bus. The control means can be configured to transmit said control signal to reduce or inhibit the electromagnetic field upon detection of a human or animal. The charge control system according to certain aspects of the present invention can inhibit (either reducing or interrupting) the electromagnetic field when a human or an animal is close to or inside the vehicle. The control signal could take the form of an interrupt signal to cause the charging station to interrupt the charging cycle by switching the electromagnetic field off.
Alternatively, the control signal could take the form of a reduction signal to cause the charging station to reduce the rate of charging by reducing the electromagnetic field to a predetermined level. The exposure of the human or the animal to the electromagnetic field can thereby be reduced.
The one or more sensors can comprise at least one interior sensor for detecting the presence of a human or an animal inside a cabin of the vehicle. The at least one interior sensor can comprise one or more of the following: a security movement sensor(s); a seat belt sensor(s); a seat occupancy sensor(s); an ignition switch; a door switch(es); and an internal camera(s). Alternatively, or in addition, the control means can be in communication with one or more on-board systems to detect the presence/absence of a human or an animal. For example, the control means can be in communication with one or more of the following: an audio-visual system; a security system; and a vehicle lock system. If the on-board system is operated, the control means can be configured to determine that a human or an animal is present.
The one oi more sensois can comprise at least one exterioi sensor foi detecting the presence of a human or an animal proximal the vehicle. The at least one exterior sensor can be configured to detect the presence of a human or an animal within a defined range of the vehicle, for example within 50cm, 1 m, 2m, 3m or 5m of the vehicle. The at least one exterior sensor can be configured to detect the approach of a human or an animal to the vehicle. The at least one exterior sensor could be adapted to detect the position and/or range of a human or an animal in relation to the vehicle. The control means can be adapted to vary the charge rate based on the detected range to said human or animal. For example, the charge rate can be reduced the smaller the detected range. The charge rate can be varied by increasing/decreasing the time-varying current supplied to the base induction coil, thereby varying the strength of the electromagnetic field generated by the base induction coil.
The at least one exterior sensor can comprise one or more of the following: a parking sensor(s); a blind spot detector(s); and an external camera(s). The cameras could, for example, be the on-board cameras used to generate a 3600 image of visibility around the vehicle. The cameras together with an appropriate control system could be configured to detect movement around the vehicle. The electromagnetic field strength could be controlled in response to a range of the human or the animal to the vehicle.
The at least one exterior sensor can be configured to determine the range of the human or the animal to the vehicle. The at least one exterior sensor could for example determine a direction and/or range of an individual to the vehicle or the induction coil on the vehicle. The control means could be configured to vary the control signal based on the detected range.
For example, the control signal could instruct the charging station to reduce the electromagnetic field in proportion to said detected range.
The control signal could be transmitted to the charging station over a wired connection.
Alternatively, the vehicle can comprise a wireless transmitter for transmitting the control signal wirelessly to the charging station. The control signal could, for example, be transmitted using Bluetooth® or other communication protocol.
The motor vehicle can also comprise monitoring means for monitoring the charging status of the energy storage device. The monitoring means can be in the form of a charge monitor for monitoring a charging current in the induction coil or a charge state of the energy storage device. For example, the charge monitor can estimate the State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device based on the measured cell voltage and temperature.
The control means can also be configured to initiate an alert when the energy storage device is being charged and said one or more sensors detect the presence of a human or an animal. The alert can comprise a visual and/or an audio and/or a haptic output. The audio output can be at a frequency which is only audible to animals; or at a frequency which is audible to both animals and humans. The audible output could, for example, be generated by the electric traction motor; or an inverter for controlling the electric traction motor. The visual output could be provided by one or more light sources which can be a dedicated unit or an existent unit, such as the headlamps or indicators. The haptic output could be provided by operating the windscreen washers; or operating an adjustable-height suspension to change the vehicle height. A combination of audio and haptic outputs can also be provided, for example by operating an on-board compressor for charging an air reservoir or releasing air from a reservoir. The concept of providing an alert to notify a human or animal that the energy storage device is being charged is believed to be patentable independently.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for outputting an alert when a vehicle energy storage device is being charged, the apparatus comprising: one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or an animal; and a control means configured to initiate an alert when said one or more sensors detect the presence of a human or an animal. The alert can comprise a visual and/or an audio and/or a haptic output. The apparatus is suitable for use with an inductive charging system utilising an electromagnetic field to induce a charging current in an induction coil.
The apparatus can also comprise a monitoring means for monitoring the charging status of the vehicle energy storage device. The monitoring means can, for example, be configured to detect a charging current in an induction coil. The control means can be configured to initiate the alert only when the monitoring means determines that the vehicle energy storage device is being charged.
According to a yet further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an induction coil clearing apparatus for a motor vehicle, the apparatus comprising: one or more sensors for detecting the presence of an object on or proximal to a base induction coil; fluid expelling means for expelling a jet of fluid to clear said base induction coil; and a control means configured to activate said fluid expelling means in dependence on said one or more sensors. The control means is configured to activate said fluid expelling means when said one or more sensors detect an object on said base induction coil. The jet of fluid can clear objects from the base induction coil, thereby potentially improving charging efficiency. The jet of fluid can be directed over/across the base induction coil to clear objects.
The apparatus can be provided on a vehicle comprising an energy storage device, such as a traction battery, and a vehicle induction coil for coupling with said base induction coil. The base induction coil can form part of a charging station, for example connected to a mains electrical supply by a wired connection. It is envisaged that the base induction coil will be fixed, for example at ground level. The vehicle can be driven into position such that the vehicle induction coil is aligned with the base induction coil for charging. For example, the vehicle induction coil can be disposed above the base induction coil for charging. The induction coil clearing apparatus could also be configured to direct the jet of fluid over said vehicle induction coil. The charging station can be coupled to an external electrical supply (i.e. not forming part of the vehicle) comprising one or more of the following: a mains electrical supply; a standalone/portable electrical supply; and an off-grid electrical supply (for example charged by solar or wind energy).
The fluid expelling means can comprise a pressurised fluid reservoir and/or a fluid pump.
The fluid expelling means can comprise at least one nozzle for directing the jet of fluid. The at least one nozzle can be fixed or movable, for example to direct the jet of fluid at an object detected on the base induction coil. The fluid can be a liquid, such as water; or a gas, such as air. A dedicated fluid reservoir and/or fluid pump could be provided for said apparatus.
Alternatively, an existing vehicle system could be utilised. For example, the fluid reservoir could form part of an air suspension system; and/or a windscreen washer pump could function as the fluid pump. A dedicated liquid reservoir could be provided for said apparatus.
The one or more sensors can detect the presence/absence of an object on the base induction coil; and/or the position of an object on the base induction coil. The one or more sensors can, for example, comprise an optical or infrared camera. Alternatively, or in addition, the one or more sensors can comprise a sonar sensor. An existing vehicle sensor, such as a parking sensor, can be used to detect the presence of an object, for example as the vehicle drives over the induction coil.
The object can be an animate object, such as a human, an animal or an insect; and/or an inanimate object, such as a non-organic object or a metallic object. For example, the apparatus can be configured to expel the jet of fluid to deter an animal from resting on or proximal to said induction coil.
The apparatus can be activated when the base induction coil is energized. A charging monitor can be provided to determine when the base induction coil is energized, for example by detecting a charging current in the vehicle induction coil.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a motor vehicle comprising an induction coil clearing apparatus as described herein.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a motor vehicle comprising an induction coil clearing apparatus; the apparatus including: a fluid expelling means for expelling a jet of fluid to clear an induction coil. The induction coil can be a base induction coil, for example disposed in a charging station; and/or a vehicle induction coil, for example mounted to the vehicle. The fluid expelling means can be configured to direct the jet of fluid over/across the base induction coil to disperse an object or objects from the base induction coil. The base induction coil can be fixed, for example forming part of a base charging station connected to a mains electrical supply. The base induction coil can couple wirelessly with a vehicle induction coil mounted to the vehicle.
According to a yet further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging station comprising: an induction coil; and an induction coil clearing apparatus comprising a fluid expelling means for expelling a jet of fluid to clear said induction coil. The charging station can also comprise one or more sensors for detecting the presence of an object on or proximal to the induction coil. A control means, for example a control unit, can be configured to activate said fluid expelling means in dependence on said one or more sensors. The induction coil can be a base induction coil, for example mounted at ground level.
The induction coil clearing apparatus can be configured to expel said jet of fluid automatically when the vehicle is positioned over the base induction coil for charging. For example, the fluid expelling means could be activated as the vehicle drives into position for charging. The fluid expelling means can thereby be conveyed relative to the base induction coil, for example as the vehicle is manoeuvred into position relative to a charging station.
The jet of fluid from the fluid expelling means can clear any objects disposed on the base induction coil as the fluid expelling means passes over the base induction coil. Alternatively, or in addition, the apparatus can comprise one or more sensors for detecting the presence/absence of an object on the base induction coil. The fluid expelling means can be activated upon detection of an object by said one or more sensors. The object can be an animate object, or an inanimate object. The object could, for example, be an animal. The fluid expelling means can be adapted to expel a jet of liquid, such as water; or a jet of gas, such as air.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle, the apparatus comprising: one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or an animal; and a control means configured to transmit a control signal to control operation of a charging station based on an output of said one or more sensors. The control means can be configured to transmit a control signal to inhibit charging when said one or more sensors detects the presence of a human or an animal. The one or more sensors can be configured to detect the presence of a human or an animal inside a cabin of the vehicle and/or outside the vehicle. The control means can comprise a wireless transmitter for transmitting the control signal wirelessly to the charging station.
According to a yet further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle incorporating the apparatus described herein. The vehicle can comprise an electric drivetrain including an energy storage device and at least one electric traction motor. An induction coil can be provided in the vehicle for charging the energy storage device.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle, the method comprising: coupling the vehicle energy storage device to a charging station and initiating charging of the energy storage device; transmitting a control signal from the vehicle to the charging station to control operation of the charging station; and operating one or more sensors to detect the presence of a human or an animal proximal the vehicle; wherein the control signal is configured to control the charging station in dependence on said one or more sensors. The control signal can cause the charging station to increase the rate of charging of the vehicle energy storage device if said one or more sensors do not detect a human or animal proximal the vehicle. Equally, the control signal can cause the charging station to decrease the rate of charging of the vehicle energy storage device if said one or more sensors detect a human or animal proximal the vehicle.
The control signal can cause the charging station to reduce or inhibit charging of the vehicle energy storage device.
The energy storage device is configured to supply electrical current to the at least one electric traction motor. The energy storage device can, for example, be a chemical battery or a capacitor (typically a so-called supercapacitor).
The method can comprise transmitting the control signal upon detection of a human or an animal inside the vehicle or proximal to the vehicle.
The vehicle energy storage device can be coupled to the charging station wirelessly to perform induction charging. The charging station can comprise a base induction coil to be coupled to an induction coil disposed in the vehicle. The base induction coil creates a time-varying electromagnetic field. The control signal can be configured to vary the strength of the electromagnetic field. By transmitting said control signal to reduce the strength of the electromagnetic field upon detection of a human or an animal, the exposure of the human or the animal to the electromagnetic field can be reduced.
A wireless communication channel can be established between the vehicle and the charging station. The control signal can be transmitted wirelessly, for example using Bluetooth® or other suitable communication link.
According to a yet still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an induction charging station for charging an energy storage device of a vehicle coupled to the induction charging station, the induction charging station comprising: an induction coil; a controller configured to control the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil; and one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or animal proximal the vehicle. The controller can be configured to control the electromagnetic field in dependence on said one or more sensors. The controller can increase the rate of charging of the vehicle energy storage device if said one or more sensors do not detect a human or animal proximal the vehicle. Equally, the controller can decrease the rate of charging of the vehicle energy storage device if said one or more sensors detect a human or animal proximal the vehicle.
The controller can also be configured to initiate an alert said one or more sensors detect the presence of a human or an animal. The alert can comprise a visual and/or an audio and/or a haptic output. The audio output can be at a frequency which is only audible to animals; or at a frequency which is audible to both animals and humans.
Within the scope of this application it is expressly envisaged that the various aspects, embodiments, examples and alternatives set out in the preceding paragraphs, in the claims and/or in the following description and drawings, and in particular the individual features thereof, may be taken independently or in any combination. Features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, unless such features are incompatible.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying Figures, in which: Figure 1 shows a schematic plan view of a vehicle incorporating the charge control system in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of the interior and exterior sensors of the vehicle shown in Figure 1; and Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a modified arrangement of the charge control system shown in Figures 1 and 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
A motor vehicle 1 having a charge control system 3 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will now be described. The charge control system 3 is configured to control charging of the motor vehicle 1 in response to the detection of a human or an animal (not shown) within the motor vehicle 1 or in close proximity to the motor vehicle 1.
As shown in Figure 1, the motor vehicle 1 has a drivetrain including one or more electric traction motors 5 and an energy storage device 7 for supplying electrical current to the electric traction motor 5. The energy storage device 7 is a traction battery 7 for powering the electric traction motor(s) 5. The battery 7 could be another energy storage device, such as a supercapacitor. The motor vehicle 1 in the present embodiment is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) also having an internal combustion engine 9, but the invention could equally be embodied in an electric vehicle (EV). The battery 7 is a chemical battery (i.e. a battery which converts chemical energy into electrical energy) comprising a plurality of cells, for example lithium ion (Li+) cells, arranged in series and parallel. The State of Charge (SOC) of the battery can be estimated based on the temperature and voltage of the cells. The vehicle 1 has four wheels W and, in the present embodiment, each wheel W is driven by the electric traction motor 5 and/or the internal combustion engine 9.
The vehicle 1 has a first (vehicle) induction coil 11 for wirelessly coupling with a second (base) induction coil 13 provided in an induction charging station S. The first induction coil 11 is disposed underneath the vehicle 1 and the second induction coil 13 is typically floor-mounted. A time varying current is supplied to the second induction coil 13 to establish a time varying electromagnetic field which induces a charging current within the first induction coil 11 to charge the battery 7. The time varying current supplied to the second induction coil 13 can, for example, be a variable current, an alternating current or a pulsating current. In use, the vehicle is parked at least substantially to align the first and second induction coils 11, 13 to enable inductive (wireless) charging. The vehicle 1 optionally also has a physical connector, such as a plug/socket, to enable wired charging.
The charge control system 3 is disposed in the vehicle 1 and comprises means for monitoring the charging status of the battery 7 (via inductive charging and optionally also by wired charging). The monitoring means in the present embodiment is in the form of a charging monitor 15 configured to monitor when the battery 7 is charging and when the charging has been completed. The charging monitor 15 could also be configured to perform the function of estimating the SOC of the battery.
The charge control system 3 comprises control means in the form of a charge control unit 17 for controlling operation of the charging station S based on the presence of an individual or an animal inside the vehicle or proximal to the vehicle. Upon detection of an individual or an animal, the charge control unit 17 is configured to transmit a control signal to the charging station S to reduce or inhibit the strength of the electromagnetic field established by the second induction coil 13. The charging station S is pre-configured to reduce or interrupt charging upon receipt of the control signal. The charging station S may re-instate charging after a pre-determined time or upon receipt of an activation signal from the control unit 17. In the present embodiment, the control unit 17 comprises a wireless transmitter 19 for outputting the control signal to the charging station S wirelessly. The charging station S comprises a wireless receiver 20 for receiving the control signal transmitted by the control unit 17.
As shown in Figure 2, the control unit 17 is in communication with internal and external sensors 21, 23 suitable for detecting the presence of a human or an animal inside a vehicle cabin or proximal the vehicle. The internal and external sensors to 21, 23 can be passive or active sensors. The control unit 17 is coupled to the on-board sensors 21, 23 via a vehicle communication bus (such as an LIN or CAN bus). The internal sensors 21 include security movement sensors; seat belt sensors; seat occupancy sensors; an ignition switch; and door switches. An internal camera or cameras can optionally also be used to detect the presence of an individual within the vehicle cabin. The control unit 17 also communicates with on-board systems, such as an audio-visual system, a security system and a vehicle lock system. The use of any of the on-board systems is interpreted as indicating the presence of an individual. The control unit 21 is also coupled to the external sensors 23 for detecting the presence of an individual in close proximity to the vehicle. The external sensors 23 include parking sensors and blind spot detectors. An external camera or cameras can also be provided.
If the internal sensors 21 or the external sensors 23 detect the presence of an individual while the vehicle battery is charging, the control unit 17 transmits the control signal to the charging station S. Upon receipt of the control signal, the charging station S operates to interrupt the charging cycle by halting the supply of time-varying current to the second induction coil 13. The electromagnetic field created by the second induction coil 13 is thereby stopped. If the control unit 17 determines that the individual is no longer inside the vehicle or close to the vehicle, an activation signal is transmitted to the charging station S to re-start the charging cycle.
The operation of the charge control system 3 will now be described. When the battery 7 is not being charged, the charge control system 3 is dormant. The user then parks the vehicle 1 at the charging station S such that the first induction coil 11 is positioned above the second induction coil 13. The charging station S is then activated, either manually or automatically, and the second induction coil 13 generates a time-varying electromagnetic field which induces a charging current in the first induction coil 11. When the charging monitor 15 detects the charging current, the charge control unit 17 is awakened. The charging monitor 15 outputs a control signal to indicate that the battery is being charged. The charge cycle is performed in conventional manner until the vehicle battery 7 is charged. If, however, an individual is detected by the internal or external sensors to 21, 23, the charge control unit 17 transmits a control signal to the charging station S. Upon receipt of the control signal, the charging station S interrupts the charge cycle by de-energizing the second induction coil 13.
The electromagnetic field created by the second induction coil 13 is thereby removed while the individual is close to the vehicle 1 or inside the vehicle 1. Once the sensors 21, 23 can no longer detect the individual (or detect the individual moving away from the vehicle), the charge control unit 17 transmits an activation control signal to the charging station S to re-start the charging cycle.
The charge control unit 17 can be configured to transmit different control signals depending on a detected event. For example, the charge control unit 17 can transmit an interrupt signal for interrupting charging upon detection of an individual within the vehicle cabin; and a reduction signal for reducing the charging rate (and hence the strength of the electromagnetic field) upon detection of an individual proximal the vehicle 1. The ieduction signal could be varied in dependence on the range of the detected individual from the vehicle 1.
The charge control unit 17 can output a charging complete signal to the charging station S when it determines that the battery 7 is fully charged. The charging station S can thereby end the charging cycle and de-energize the second induction coil 13. The control unit 17 could optionally also be configured to transmit a signal to a cellular telephone to notify the user that charging has been completed, for example in the form of a Short Messaging Service (SMS).
A modified arrangement of the charge control system 3 in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figure 3. Like reference numerals will be used for like functional components in the modified arrangement.
The modified charge control system 3 is coupled to a fluid expelling means in the form of an air jet apparatus 25. The air jet apparatus 25 is adapted selectively to expel a jet of air F across the second induction coil 13 to disperse objects from the surface of the second induction coil 13. The air jet apparatus 25 comprises a dedicated air reservoir 27, a nozzle 29, and a pump 31. The nozzle 29 is movably mounted to perform a sweeping action to direct the jet of air F over the surface of the second induction coil 13. First and second sensors 33, 35 are disposed under the motor vehicle 1 to detect the presence of an object or objects on the second induction coil 13.
In the present embodiment the first and second sensors 33, 35 are configured to detect an animal 37, such as a cat, or an insect. The air jet apparatus 25 can be configured to expel a jet of air F to deter the animal 37 from resting on the second induction coil 13. The first and second object sensors 33, 35 can also be configured to detect an inanimate object. The air jet apparatus 25 can expel a jet of air F to disperse any such objects detected on the second induction coil 13. The first and second sensors 33, 35 can optionally be configured to determine the position of the animal 37 on the second induction coil 13. The orientation of the nozzle 29 can be adjusted in dependence on the detected position of the animal 37, for example to direct the jet of air F towards the animal.
The first and second sensors 33, 35 are activated automatically when charging is taking place. For example, the first and second sensors 33, 35 can be activated when the charging monitor 15 detects a charging current. If the first and second sensors 33 35 detect an animal 37 on the second induction coil 13, the air jet apparatus 25 is activated to expel ajet of air F. The jet of air F can deter an animal or the like from the second induction coil 13.
Rather than use a dedicated air reservoir 27, the air jet apparatus 25 could, for example, utilise a pressurised reservoir forming part of a vehicle suspension system.
It will be appreciated that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiment of the present invention described herein without departing from the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention will be described with reference to the following numbered paragraphs: 1. A motor vehicle comprising: an electric drive system including at least one electric traction motor and an energy storage device; an induction coil for coupling with a base induction coil provided in a charging station to charge said energy storage device; one or more sensors configured to detect the presence of a human or an animal; and a charge control unit configured to transmit a control signal to control operation of the charging station in dependence on said one or more sensors.
2. A motor vehicle as described in paragraph 1, wherein the charge control unit is configured to transmit said control signal to control the electromagnetic field created by the base induction coil.
3. A motor vehicle as described in paragraph 1, wherein the charge control unit is configured to transmit said control signal to reduce or inhibit the electromagnetic field upon detection of a human or an animal by said one or more sensors.
4. A motor vehicle as described in paragraph 3, wherein said one or more sensors comprise at least one interior sensor for detecting the presence of a human or an animal inside a cabin of the vehicle; and/or at least one exterior sensor for detecting the presence of a human or an animal proximal the vehicle.
5. A motor vehicle as described in paragraph 4, wherein said at least one interior sensor comprises one or more of the following: a security movement sensor(s); a seat belt sensor(s); a seat occupancy sensor(s); an ignition switch; a door switch(es); and an internal camera(s).
6. A motor vehicle as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, wherein said charge control unit is in communication with one or more of the following on-board systems: an audio-visual system; a security system; and a vehicle lock system.
7. A motor vehicle as described in paragraph 4, wherein said at least one exterior sensor comprises one or more of the following: a parking sensor(s); a blind spot detector(s); and an external camera(s).
8. A motor vehicle as described in paragraph 1, wherein a wireless transmitter is provided for transmitting said control signal wirelessly to the charging station.
9. An apparatus for controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle, the apparatus comprising: one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or an animal; and a charge control unit configured to transmit a control signal to control operation of a charging station based on an output of said one or more sensors.
10. An apparatus as described in paragraph 9, wherein the charge control unit is configured to transmit a control signal to inhibit charging when said one or more sensors detects the presence of a human or animal.
11. A method of controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle, the method comprising: coupling the vehicle energy storage device to a charging station and initiating charging of the energy storage device; transmitting a control signal from the vehicle to the charging station to control operation of the charging station; and operating one or more sensors to detect the presence of a human or an animal proximal the vehicle; wherein the control signal is configured to control the charging station in dependence on said one or more sensors.
12. A method as described in paragraph 11, wherein the control signal causes the charging station to reduce or inhibit charging of the vehicle energy storage device when said one or more sensors detect a human or animal proximal the vehicle.
13. A method as described in paragraph 11, wherein the method comprises transmitting the control signal upon detection of a human or an animal inside the vehicle or proximal to the vehicle.
14. A method as described in paragraph 11, wherein the vehicle energy storage device is coupled to the charging station wirelessly to perform induction charging; and/or a wireless communication channel is established between the vehicle and the charging station.
15. An induction charging station for charging an energy storage device of a vehicle coupled to the induction charging station, the induction charging station comprising: an induction coil; a controller configured to control the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil; and one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or animal proximal the vehicle.

Claims (20)

  1. CLAIMS: 1. A motor vehicle comprising: an electric drive system including at least one electric traction motor and an energy storage device; an induction coil for coupling with a base induction coil provided in a charging station to charge said energy storage device; one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or an animal; and control means for transmitting a control signal to control operation of the charging station in dependence on an output of said one or more sensors.
  2. 2. A motor vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control means is configured to transmit said control signal to control the electromagnetic field created by the base induction coil.
  3. 3. A motor vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the control means is configured to transmit said control signal to reduce or inhibit the electromagnetic field upon detection of a human or an animal by said one or more sensors.
  4. 4. A motor vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein said one or more sensors comprise at least one interior sensor for detecting the presence of a human or an animal inside a cabin of the vehicle; and/or at least one exterior sensor for detecting the presence of a human or an animal proximal the vehicle.
  5. 5. A motor vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein said at least one interior sensor comprises one or more of the following: a security movement sensor(s); a seat belt sensor(s); a seat occupancy sensor(s); an ignition switch; a door switch(es); and an internal camera(s).
  6. 6. A motor vehicle as claimed in claim 4 or claim 5, wherein said control means is in communication with one or more of the following on-board systems: an audio-visual system; a security system; and a vehicle lock system.
  7. 7. A motor vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 4, 5 or 6, wherein said at least one exterior sensor comprises one or more of the following: a parking sensor(s); a blind spot detector(s); and an external camera(s).
  8. 8. A motor vehicle as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a wireless transmitter is provided for transmitting said control signal wirelessly to the charging station.
  9. 9. An apparatus for controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle, the apparatus comprising: one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or an animal; and control means for transmitting a control signal to control operation of a charging station based on an output of said one or more sensors.
  10. 10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the control means is configured to transmit a control signal to inhibit charging when said one or more sensors detects the presence of a human or an animal.
  11. 11. A method of controlling charging of an energy storage device of a vehicle, the method comprising: coupling the vehicle energy storage device to a charging station and initiating charging of the energy storage device; transmitting a control signal from the vehicle to the charging station to control operation of the charging station; and operating one or more sensors to detect the presence of a human or an animal proximal the vehicle; wherein the control signal is configured to control the charging station in dependence on said one or more sensors.
  12. 12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the control signal causes the charging station to reduce or inhibit charging of the vehicle energy storage device when said one or more sensors detect a human or animal proximal the vehicle.
  13. 13. A method as claimed in claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the method comprises transmitting the control signal upon detection of a human or animal inside the vehicle or proximal to the vehicle.
  14. 14. A method as claimed in any one of claims 11, 12 or 13, wherein the vehicle energy storage device is coupled to the charging station wirelessly to perform induction charging; and/or a wireless communication channel is established between the vehicle and the charging station.
  15. 15. An induction charging station for charging an energy storage device of a vehicle coupled to the induction charging station, the induction charging station comprising: an induction coil; a controller configured to control the electromagnetic field generated by the induction coil; and one or more sensors for detecting the presence of a human or animal proximal the vehicle.
  16. 16. An induction coil clearing apparatus for a motor vehicle, the apparatus comprising: one or more sensors for detecting the presence of an object on or proximal to a base induction coil; fluid expelling means for expelling a jet of fluid to clear said base induction coil; and a control means configured to activate said fluid expelling means in dependence on said one or more sensors.
  17. 17. A motor vehicle comprising an induction coil clearing apparatus; the apparatus including: a fluid expelling means for expelling a jet of fluid to clear an induction coil.
  18. 18. A vehicle or control apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying Figures.
  19. 19. A method of controlling charging of the vehicle energy storage device substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying Figures.
  20. 20. An induction charging station substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying Figures.
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