GB2459329A - Power generating wind turbine mounted on an electric pylon of a power transmission network - Google Patents
Power generating wind turbine mounted on an electric pylon of a power transmission network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2459329A GB2459329A GB0807314A GB0807314A GB2459329A GB 2459329 A GB2459329 A GB 2459329A GB 0807314 A GB0807314 A GB 0807314A GB 0807314 A GB0807314 A GB 0807314A GB 2459329 A GB2459329 A GB 2459329A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- power generator
- pylon
- generator according
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
-
- F03D11/04—
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
- F03D9/257—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
- F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
- F05B2240/212—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Darrieus type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
- F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
- F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
- F05B2240/9121—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower on a lattice tower
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
A wind turbine 2 is mounted on an electric pylon 4 of a power transmission network. The turbine 2 is connected to an electricity generator which feeds electricity generated by the wind turning the turbine 2 into the overhead power lines 6 for transmission to an end user. The turbine may be of the vertical axis type with the axis aligned with that of the pylon. The turbine may be mounted anywhere along the axis of the pylon, eg at the top, or within, the lattice structure of the pylon. Two independently operable turbines may be mounted at different heights.
Description
POWER GENERATION
The present invention relates to electric power generation and in particular use of wind energy turbines to provide or supplement electric power.
A high-voltage electric power transmission network, such as the national grid in the UK, is used to supply electric power generated by power stations to users. The network is often vast and comprises a series of electric pylons also known as transmission towers which have a tall lattice-like structure and which support overhead power transmission lines.
Energy use and conservation with a view to reducing carbon emissions is a consideration for many governments. The power transmission lines are open to the elements which results in transmission power loses along the power lines.
The losses increase in adverse weather, for example at a wind strength of 8 % knots loss ratio is between 15-45%. The loss of power means that additional power must be supplied by the power station, which stations often burn fossil * 15 fuels and therefore has the disadvantage that this increases carbon emissions.
It is known to supplement the power generated by traditional fossil fuel *S..
burning power stations with a greener alternative and renewable energy sources, ***.
S *S..
such as wind power. Wind power is generated by wind farms which comprise a S..
S
: large number of wind turbines. Each wind turbine comprises a tall tubular tower *.. . and a number of blades which extend from a horizontally extending rotor shaft located at the top of the tower. The blades rotate by the action of the wind about a horizontal axis. The rotational energy is converted to electricity for energy distribution.
One of the main drawbacks of wind farms is that they are often located in exposed areas to enable maximum utilization of the available wind and this can lead to the creation of an eyesore and therefore a blot on otherwise scenic locations. Furthermore, to be effective the blades must face the wind and therefore each tower requires a motor to move the blades around the tower to enable their optimum utilization of the wind to generate power. These motors are power hungry due to the large structures which need to be moved.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a power generator which overcomes or alleviates the above described disadvantages.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a wind turbine mounted on at least one electric pylon of an energy distribution network. By mounting a wind turbine on an electric pylon there is alleviated the need to * 15 provide an additional structure to carry the wind turbine, such additional structure requiring often additional expense to provide a tower to carry the turbine above **.
ground level, foundation work to support the tower and cabling to carry the power **S.
generated to an energy distribution network. Furthermore, there is less loss from ***
S
* the cabling since the turbine is providing its generated power directly into the power distribution network and not remotely as per a traditional wind farm.
Furthermore, the turbine is used to directly top up energy losses occurring along the power distribution network, thereby reducing the need to generate additional power at the power station to enable a required amount to reach the final destination. This also reduces additIonal losses because the top up power has less distance to travel along the network. Energy distribution networks are often pre-existlng structures and by mounting the turbine on the pylon reduces the need to provide a wind farm on unspoilt countryside. Also, such energy distribution networks are often provided along other man-made structures such as roads and the turbines are therefore able to utilize additional wind energy produced by passing vehicles.
Theturbinemaybemountedaboutorontopofthepylon. Inapreferred embodiment the pylon comprises a lattice tower and the turbine is mounted within the tower. This has the advantage that there are no moving parts extending out of the pylon and the lattice structure hes prevent wildlife getting caught in the turbine and further reduces the visual and environmental impact by containing the turbine fully within an existing structure.
The turbine may be a vertical wind turbine having a rotational axis * S. substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis of the pylon. The rotational axis may *.fl be coaxial with the central longitudinal axis. By providing a vertical turbine the *5' needtomovetheturblnetofacethewlndlseiiminated,theturbinebelngableto *S * : coiiectandtobetumedbythewlndfromalidirections. Acentral mounting increases the stability of the pylon and turbine.
The turbine may be adapted to rotate both clockwise and antlclockwise.
This enables the turbine to take energy from the wind more efficiently.
The turbine may be mounted anywhere along the longitudinal axis of the pylon. This enables the turbine to be mounted at a height on the pylon best suited to utilize the wind energy at a particular location of pylon. For example the turbine may be located near the base of the pylon if the pylon experiences strong wind forces at its base and for example to take advantage of wind generated by passing vehicles, or higher up the pylon if the wind collection potential is greater at the higher location.
Each pylon may comprise at least two turbines. This increases the power generation capability. The turbines may be located at different heights. Hence able to take advantage of differing conditions along the pylon.
The at least two turbines are independently operable.
A control unit may be provided to adjust the operation of the turbine and to switch a particular turbine on or off dependent on at least one of prevailing wind conditions and energy requirements of the network. This has the advantage of * 15 being able to adjust the power generated by the turbines to that required by the network. Also, it is possible to switch a or the turbines off to protect them, if the S.,.
prevailing wind is too strong for safe operation thereof. To this end the network may comprise means to monitor the prevailing wind conditions and to selectively *..
: operate individual turbines dependent on local wind conditions. The monitoring S.. . . . . means may be provided directly on a respective pylon or turbine which it monitors. Thereby more readily monitoring conditions at a specific location.
Each turbine may be coupled to an electricity generator adapted to generate electricity in response to rotation of the turbine, the generator having means to feed the electricity generated into power lines carried by the pylon.
In an alternative embodiment the power generated, or if suitable voltages cannot be generated to integrate into the grid system, the power generated by the turbines could be used to supplement: a) stand alone micro requirements for example a farm or a single dwelling; b) a small community close to the turbines; or c) items such as telephone masts, radio, mobile phone and TV transmitters.
This maximizes the available power generated by the turbines because the need to transfer or invert to feed into/out of the grid network is reduced by a more direct supply to users close to the turbines.
* 15 In accordance with a second aspect of the invention there is provided a wind turbine with means to attach it to a lattice tower of an electric pylon. * I.
By way of example only specific embodiments of the invention will now be ** .
S
described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- * :. The sole figure illustrates a pylon carrying overhead power lines of an energy distribution network, such as the national grid, with a wind turbine constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to the figure the power generator according to the invention comprises a vertical wind turbine 2 mounted on an electric pylon 4 which pylon 4 supports overhead electricity cables or powerlines 6. The pylon 4 comprises a lattice tower constructed from a plurality of struts 8 which are connected together to form an outer tubular body to the tower with a substantially hollow cavity 10 therein. The turbine 2 is located within the outer body in the cavity and is mounted about a support shaft 12 which is located substantially along the central axis of the tower.
The turbine 2 comprises a plurality of fan blades 14 which extend in a longitudinal plane substantially parallel to that of said central axis 12 and are mounted for rotational movement about said support shaft 12. The rotation can be both clockwise and anticlockwise.
The turbine 2 is connected to an electricity generator (not illustrated) such that rotation of the fan blades is converted into electricity by the generator. The generator is further connected via an interface (not illustrated) which feeds the electricity generated into the overhead power lines 6 for transmission to the end user. * S. * I S
Although one turbine has been illustrated on a single pylon, it is to be * *..
understood that a turbine could be mounted to more than one pylon within the S...
S S...
network of pylons carrying the overhead power lines, each feeding electricity directly into the power lines at a respective pylon. Also, each pylon could carry more than one turbine. For example the turbines could be mounted at a plurality of heights on the support shaft 12 above ground level 16.
The network of pylons comprises a central control which monitors power loss along the power lines 6. The or each turbine 2 has a control unit with means to operate the turbine 2. The control unit is connected to the central control such that, if the central control determines that the power lines are not meeting the needs of the end user, either due to losses or increased demand, then the central control is able to send an instruction to the control unit of one or more turbines instructing the turbine to switch on, in order to harvest wind power from the wind and to convert this to electricity for input directly into the power lines 6, to thereby supplement the electricity carried thereby. Each control unit has monitoring means to monitor conditions at a particular location, for example local wind speed, temperature, humidity and means to send this information back to the central control. The central control has means to compute this information to determine the operation of individual turbines or a group of turbines within a particular network. This enables the determination of the optimal prevailing environmental conditions for the generation of electricity and which particular turbines can be used to generate the required power. Means is also provided to S..
monitor prevailing environmental conditions and to send an instruction to the S..
* 20 control unit to switch the turbine off, if the prevailing conditions are determined to S..
be unsafe for operation of the turbine, for example extremely high wind speeds.
The central control also has means to determine power losses along the power lines and means to determine which turbines need to be operated to directly supplement such losses along the network.
Although a vertical turbine has been described as being enclosed within S the lattice tower of the pylon, one or more turbines could be provided mounted to the exterior of the pylon. Although a specific arrangement of vertical turbine has been described, other types of vertical turbine could be used. Also a horizontal turbine could be provided.
It will be appreciated that the above embodiments have been described by way of example only and that many variations are possible within the scope of the invention. * S. * * * * S. S... * . S... S...
S S... * **. * ** * * S 5S5 5 S. S * . S * *5
Claims (18)
- Claims 1. A power generator comprising a wind turbine mounted on an electric pylon of an energy distribution network.
- 2. A power generator according to claim 1, wherein the turbine is mounted about or on top of the pylon.
- 3. A power generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pylon comprises a lattice tower and the turbine is mounted within the tower.
- 4. A power generator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the turbine is a vertical wind turbine having a rotational axis substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis of the pylon.
- 5. A power generator according to claim 4, wherein the rotational axis is coaxial with the central longitudinal axis.
- 6. A power generator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the turbine is adapted to rotate both clockwise and anticlockwise.
- 7. A power generator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the turbine is mounted anywhere along the longitudinal axis of the pylon.
- 8. A power generator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pylon comprises at least two turbines.
- 9. A power generator according to claim 8, wherein the turbines are located at different heights.
- 10. A power generator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one turbine is provided on a respective plurality of pylons in the network.
- 11. A power generator according to claims 8, 9 or 10, wherein at least two turbines in the network are independently operable.
- 12. A power generator according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a control unit provided to adjust the operation of the turbine and to switch the or a particular turbine on or off dependent on at least one of prevailing wind conditions and energy requirements of the network.
- 13. A power generator according to any one of the preceding claims, comprises means to monitor the prevailing wind conditions and to selectively operate the or individual turbines dependent on local wind conditions.
- 14. A power generator according to claim 13, wherein the monitoring means is provided directly on a respective pylon or turbine which it monitors.
- 15. A power generator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the or a plurality of the turbines is coupled to an electricity generator adapted to generate electricity in response to rotation of the turbine, the generator having means to feed the electricity generated into power lines carried by the pylon.
- 16. A power generator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the power generated by a turbine is used to supplement: a) stand alone micro requirements for example a farm or single dwelling; b) a small community close to the turbines; or c) items such as telephone masts, radio, mobile phone and TV transmitters.
- 17. A power generator comprising a wind turbine with means to attach it to a lattice tower of an electric pylon.
- 18. A power generator described and constructed to operate substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0807314A GB2459329A (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Power generating wind turbine mounted on an electric pylon of a power transmission network |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0807314A GB2459329A (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Power generating wind turbine mounted on an electric pylon of a power transmission network |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0807314D0 GB0807314D0 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
GB2459329A true GB2459329A (en) | 2009-10-28 |
Family
ID=39494046
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0807314A Withdrawn GB2459329A (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Power generating wind turbine mounted on an electric pylon of a power transmission network |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2459329A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2495531A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | Graham Laverick | Wind turbine fixed to an electricity pylon |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11466659B2 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-10-11 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Yaw arrangement for a multirotor wind turbine |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4106976A1 (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1992-09-10 | Arneth Borros | Wind power plant with rotors on horizontal or vertical axes - has rotors at different levels on HV mast, driving generators connected by transformers etc. to grid lines |
JPH06339215A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1994-12-06 | Omron Corp | Steel tower for high-voltage transmission line |
DE29610237U1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1996-11-14 | Steffens, Philipp, 42105 Wuppertal | Vertical-axis wind turbine for installation in high-voltage pylons (overhead lines) |
DE19604476A1 (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1997-09-25 | Reinhard Goepfert | Wind-powered generator e.g. for high output power |
GB2407135A (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-20 | Joseph Strang Sinclair | A wind powered generator mounted within the structure of an electricity pylon |
US20050230980A1 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-20 | Andre Brunet | Wind turbine mounted on power transmission tower |
GB2425153A (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-18 | Leon J Robinson | Wind turbine(s) mounted on a lattice tower |
DE102005020257A1 (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2006-11-09 | Norbert Bork | Wind powered electricity generators using vertical axis turbines stacked inside a pylon and with optional pumped storage system |
-
2008
- 2008-04-22 GB GB0807314A patent/GB2459329A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4106976A1 (en) * | 1991-03-05 | 1992-09-10 | Arneth Borros | Wind power plant with rotors on horizontal or vertical axes - has rotors at different levels on HV mast, driving generators connected by transformers etc. to grid lines |
JPH06339215A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1994-12-06 | Omron Corp | Steel tower for high-voltage transmission line |
DE19604476A1 (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1997-09-25 | Reinhard Goepfert | Wind-powered generator e.g. for high output power |
DE29610237U1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1996-11-14 | Steffens, Philipp, 42105 Wuppertal | Vertical-axis wind turbine for installation in high-voltage pylons (overhead lines) |
GB2407135A (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-20 | Joseph Strang Sinclair | A wind powered generator mounted within the structure of an electricity pylon |
US20050230980A1 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-20 | Andre Brunet | Wind turbine mounted on power transmission tower |
GB2425153A (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2006-10-18 | Leon J Robinson | Wind turbine(s) mounted on a lattice tower |
DE102005020257A1 (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2006-11-09 | Norbert Bork | Wind powered electricity generators using vertical axis turbines stacked inside a pylon and with optional pumped storage system |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2495531A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | Graham Laverick | Wind turbine fixed to an electricity pylon |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0807314D0 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
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Legal Events
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---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |