GB2289131A - Process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value - Google Patents
Process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2289131A GB2289131A GB9508114A GB9508114A GB2289131A GB 2289131 A GB2289131 A GB 2289131A GB 9508114 A GB9508114 A GB 9508114A GB 9508114 A GB9508114 A GB 9508114A GB 2289131 A GB2289131 A GB 2289131A
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- resistance
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- list
- specified value
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/24—Frequency- independent attenuators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
- G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H5/00—One-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H5/02—One-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components without voltage- or current-dependent elements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value: - a first resistance is selected, having a first measured value (r1) chosen from a first list of values of resistance, the said first value being smaller than the said specified value; - a second resistance is selected, having a second measured value (r2) chosen from a second list of values of resistance, the said second value being such that the sum of the said first and second values is greater than the said specified value; - the said first and second resistances are connected in series; - a third resistance is selected, having a third value (r3) chosen from a third list of values of resistance, the said third value being such that r1 + r2 x r3 DIVIDED r2 + r3 is approximately equal to the said specified value; and - the said third resistnce is connected in parallel with the said second resistance. The values in the three lists are limited in number but enable a specified nominal resistance to be obtained with high precision. <IMAGE>
Description
DESCRIPTION
PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A RESISTANCE
WITH A SPECIFIED VALUE
The present invention relates to a process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value.
It is sometimes necessary to use electrical resistances with very precisely specified values. This value may, in particular, be the result of a calculation, as in the case of the calibration of a Treasuring bridge in the way described in the document FR-A-2690524. The value that may be obtained in this way is completely unrestricted, and therefore the resistance cannot be taken fran a set of resistances having standardized values.
A first solution to this problem consists in the use of a potentiometer, possibly in series with a fixed resistance. This is the most widely used solution, since it is the sinpest to apply. However, it has the disadvantage of not being applicable in a severe environment, and particularly in an environment with a high level of vibrations, where these devices are made unusable by wear.
Another solution consists in the micro-machining of thick-layer resistances. This requires techniques using laser beam or microsandblasting systems, necessitating large investments. Moreover, these do not permit corrections, since they act by removing material.
The present invention is intended to these remedy these disadvantages. More particularly, it has the object of providing a process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value which is reliable in a severe environment but which can be applied relatively simply at reasonable cost.
To this end, the invention relates to a process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value, characterized in that it carprises the following stages:
- selection of a first resistance having a first Treasured value (rl) chosen fran a first list of values of resistance, the said first value being smaller than the said specified value;
- selection of a second resistance having a second measured value (r2) chosen from a second list of values of resistance, the said second value being such that the sum of the said first and second values is greater than the said specified value;
- connection of the said first and second resistances in series;
- selection of a third resistance having a third value (r3) chosen from a third list of values of resistance, the said third value being such that
r xr3 r2 +r3 is approxImately eeaal to the said specified value; and
- connection of the said third resistance in parallel with the said second resistance.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, intended for obtaining a resistance with a specified value lying approxImately between 500 Q and 200 kQ, the said first list of values is approximately as follows, in ohms:
0, 243, 487, 715, 953, 1180, 1400, 1650, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3570, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 15800, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 61900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 80600, 86600, 90900, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 133000, 137000, 140000, 143000, 147000, 150000, 154000, 158000, 162000, 165000, 169000, 174000, 178000, 200000.
Also in a particular emtcdinent of the invention, the said second list of values is approximately as follows, in ohms:
487, 499, 511, 523, 536, 562, 590, 619, 649, 681, 715, 750, 1180, 1400, 1540, 1650, 1740, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500.
Also in a particular embodiment of the invention, the said third list of values is approximately as follows, in ohms: 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 14700, 15000, 15800, 16200, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 62900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 86600, 90000, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 140000, 150000, 165000, 178000, 200000.
The invention also relates to a resistance formed by a first resistance (R1) in series with a second resistance (R2), this second resistance being in parallel with a third resistance (R3), characterized in that the values in ohms of the first, second and third resistances are selected from the three following lists respectively:
a) 0, 243, 487, 715, 953, 1180, 1400, 1650, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3570, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 15800, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 61900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 80600, 86600, 90900, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 133000, 137000, 140000, 143000, 147000, 150000, 154000, 158000, 162000, 165000, 169000, 174000, 178000, 200000.
b) 487, 499, 511, 523, 536, 562, 590, 619, 649, 681, 715, 750, 1180, 1400, 1540, 1650, 1740, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500.
c) 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 14700, 15000, 15800, 16200, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 62900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 86600, 90000, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 140000, 150000, 165000, 178000, 200000.
A particular embodiment of the invention is now described hereinafter, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 shows the electrical circuit according to which the resistances in the process according to the invention are connected; and
- Figure 2 is a diagram of a sensor calibration bench using the process according to the invention.
It will be seen in Figure 1 that a resistance of aiw specified value r may be obtained by disposing two resistances R1 and R2 with values rl and r2 respectively in series, and by connecting a resistance R3 with the value r3 in parallel with R2, in such a way that: r2 x r3
r1 + = r r2 + r3
The applicant has stated that, surprisingly, it is possible in this way to obtain an equivalent resistance R with a very precise value r even when resistances R1, R2 and R3 with a truch lower precision were used and even when these resistances R1, R2 and R3 were selected from restricted ranges of resistances.
The above sets of resistances, consisting of 89, 33 and 61 resistances, comprising a total of only 103 separate values of resistance, with a precision of 1k, for R1, R2 and R3 respectively, can be used to obtain a resistance R having any value lying between approxImately 500 # and 200 k# with a precision of 0.1%. These ranges were obtained by successive approximations and tested with a digital simulation program.
Figure 2 shows a sensor 1 disposed on a calibration bench 2. This bench comprises a stand 3 on which the resistances R1, R2 and R3 can be connected as shown in Figure 1, together with a 4 to 17 bit decade box enabling a range of values of resistance frcm 0.25 ohms and 200 kohms to be provided. The decade box displays the value of resistance to be obtained to calibrate the sensor 1, this value having been obtained by any suitable method.
The decade box 4 is controlled by a controller 5 which is itself controlled by a computer 6. A multimeter 7 is used to Treasure the values of resistance R1 and R2 obtained on the bench at the connection point 3, in addition to the output signal from the sensor 1 provided with its calibration resistance.
The computer is connected to the controller 5 and to the multimeter 7. The essential features of the parts of its program relating to the present invention are shown in the appendix at the end of this specification. This program is written in the Turbo Pascal language and will therefore not be described in further detail, since there are comments accompanying it. It is possible to understand from this how the three resistances R1, R2 and R3 are selected successively from the three tables of values shown above.
Obviously, it is not necessary for the process described above to be used in all cases on the calibration bench described above. In particular, it may be carried out manually, using only the lists of values of resistance given above and the process of selection of values corresponding to the above program.
APPENDIX calibration program uses crt,s~res1;
var i: integer; Scanning pointer of list R1} j:integer; Scanning pointer of list R2 k: integer; Scanning pointer of list R3 butee:integer; Defines the end of the scanning field} RR:real; Calculated value of R) R:real; Value of R to be abtained) rrl:real; Value of R1 rr2:real; Value of R2 Pcl:real; procedure calcul~R; (Procedure for calculating RR]
begin
RR=rrl+((rr2*r3(.k.))/(rr2+r3(.k.)));
end; procedure recherche~R1; {Procedure for finding R1}
begin
i:=0;
if R < 3416 then j:=1 else
begin
j:=14; {If R > 3416, sets the pointer of R2 to 14}
i:=9; (and the pointer of R1 to 9 }
end; k:=trunc(r2(.j,2.)); Sets the pointer of R3 to the start according) rr2:=r2(.j,1.); {to the value corresponding to R2(.J,2.) } repeat {R1 scanning loop i:=i+l; {Increment of the scanning pointer rrl:=rl(.i.); Value of R1 calcul~r; pc1:=rr1/100; {Calculation of dispersion on R1 max} until ((rr+pc1) > R) or (i > 89); Stops loop when the setting or the end of the list is passed i:=i-1; {Sets pointer to the preceding value rrl:=rl(.i.); {Stores theoretical value of R1 end; procedure~recherche~R2; (Procedure for finding R2) begin if R < 3416 then j:=0 else j:=13; {If R < 3416, sets pointer of R2 to 0} {Otherwise sets the pointer to 13) k:=trunc(r2(.j,2.)); Se ts the pointer of R3 to the start according) (to the value corresponding to R2(.J,2.) repeat {R2 scanning loop j:=j+1; {Increment of the scanning pointer } k:=trunc(r2(.j,2.)); rr2:=r2(.j,l.); (Value of R2 calcul~r; pc1:=r2(.j,1.)/100; {Calculation of dispersion on R2 max}
if i < 48 then butee:=29 else butee:=33 {sets the end of list stop}
according to value of
{pointer of R1
until ((rr+pc1) > R) or (j > butee); Stops loop when the setting or
end of the list is passed
j:=j-1; {Sets pointer to the preceding value
rr2:=r2(.j,1.); Stores theoretical value of R2
end; procedure recherche~R3; {Procedure for finding R3 } var dif1,dif2:real;
begin
k:=trunc(r2(.j,2.));
calcul r;
repeat {R3 scanning loop
dif1:=abs(rr-R); {Calculation of deviation for k k: =k+1 {Increment of the scanning pointer
calcul~r;
dif2:=abs(rr-R); Calculation of deviation for k+l
until (rr > R) or (k > 61); Stops loop when R or end of list is passed if difl < dif2 then k:=k-l; {Chooses k for min. deviation }
end; begin {Main program }
clrscr;
write('Introduire la valeur de R:'); {Input of R }
readln(R);
recherche~R1; {Determination of R1 }
writeln('Cabler R1:',rr1:8:2,'~'); {Wiring in of R1 }
write('Introduire la valeur r elle de R1:'); {Analysis of R1 }
readln(rrl);
recherche~R2; {Deduction of R2 } writeln('Cabler R2:',rr2:8:2,'~'); {Wiring in of R2 }
write('Introduire la valeur r elle de R2:'); {Analysis of R2 }
readln(rr2);
recherche~R3; (Deduction of R3 } writeln('Cabler R3:',r3(.k.):8:2,' '); (Wiring in of }
calcul~R;
writeln('Valeur generee:'rr:9:2); readln; end. {End of calibration } unit s~res1; {Unit declaring the constants used in the set of resistances } interface const
( List of possible resistances for R1 }
R1:array(.1..89.) of real= (0,243,487,715,953,1180,1400,1650,1870,2000,2150
,2320,2550,2670,2940,3160,3400,3570,3830,4120,43
20,4990,6810,8660,10500,12100,13000,14000,15800, 17400,18200,20000, 21000,22600,24300, 26100,27400, 28700,30100,31600,33200,34800,36500,37400,39200,
40200,42200,43200,45300,46400,47500,49900,51100, 56200, 57600,59000,60400, 61900, 64900,68100,71500,
75000,80600,86600, 90900,95300,100000, 105000,1100
00,115000,118000, 121000,124000,127000, 130000,133 000,137000,140000,143000,147000,150000,154000,15
8000,162000,165000,169000,174000,178000,200000);
{ List of possible resistances for R2 }
R2:array(.1..33,1..2.) of real= ((487.5),(499.3),(511.4),(523.4),(536.4),( 562.2),(590.2), (619.2),(649.3), (681.3), (71 5.3),(750.3),(1180.8),(1400.8),(1540.4),(1 650.10), (1740.14), (1870.11)., (2000.13), (215 0.13),(2320.13), (2550.12), (2670.20), (2940.
13),(3160.19),(3400.20),(3830.14),(4120.23 ),(4320.24), (4990.13),(6810.9), (8660.16),(
10500.20)); ( List of possible resistances for R3 } R3:array(.1..61.) of real= (4990,6810,8660,10500,12100,13000,14000,14700, 15000,15800,16200,17400, 18200,20000,21000,22600, 24300,26100,27400,28700,30100,31600,33200,34800, 36500,37400,39200,40200,42200,43200,45300, 46400, 47500,49900,51100,56200,57600,59000,60400,61900, 64900,68100,71500, 75000,86600,90900, 95300,100000
,105000,110000,115000, 118000,121000,124000,
127000,130000,140000, 150000,165000,178000, 200000 iuplementation begin end.
Claims (5)
- CLAIMS 1. A process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value, comprising; - selecting a first resistance having a first measured value (rl) chosen fran a first list of values of resistance, the said first value being smaller than the said specified value; - selecting a second resistance having a second measured value (r2) chosen from a second list of values of resistance, the said second value being such that the sum of the said first and second values is greater than the said specified value; - connecting the said first and second resistances in series; selecting a third resistance having a third value (r3) chosen from a third list of values of resistance, the said third value being such that r2xr3 r2+r3 is approximately equal to the said specified value; and - connecting the said third resistance in parallel with the said second resistance.
- 2. Process according to Claim 1, in which, to obtain a resistance with a specified value lying approximately between 500 # and 200 k#, the said first list of values is approximately as follows, in ohms: 0, 243, 487, 715, 953, 1180, 1400, 1650, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3570, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 15800, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 61900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 80600, 86600, 90900, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 133000, 137000, 140000, 143000, 147000, 150000, 154000, 158000, 162000, 165000, 169000, 174000, 178000, 200000.
- 3. Process according to either of Claims 1 and 2, in which the said second list of values is approximately as follows, in ohms: 487, 499, 511, 523, 536, 562, 590, 619, 649, 681, 715, 750, 1180, 1400, 1540, 1650, 1740, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500.
- 4. Process according to any of claims 1 to 3, in which the said third list of values is approximately as follows, in ohms: 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 14700, 15000, 15800, 16200, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 62900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 86600, 90000, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 140000, 150000, 165000, 178000, 200000.
- 5. Electrical resistance formed by a first resistance (R1) in series with a second resistance (R2), this second resistance being in parallel with a third resistance (R3), characterized in that the values in ohms of the first, second and third resistances are selected from the three following lists respectively: a) 0, 243, 487, 715, 953, 1180, 1400, 1650, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3570, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 15800, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 61900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 80600, 86600, 90900, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 133000, 137000, 140000, 143000, 147000, 150000, 154000, 158000, 162000, 165000, 169000, 174000, 178000, 200000. b) 487, 499, 511, 523, 536, 562, 590, 619, 649, 681, 715, 750, 1180, 1400, 1540, 1650, 1740, 1870, 2000, 2150, 2320, 2550, 2670, 2940, 3160, 3400, 3830, 4120, 4320, 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500. c) 4990, 6810, 8660, 10500, 12100, 13000, 14000, 14700, 15000, 15800, 16200, 17400, 18200, 20000, 21000, 22600, 24300, 26100, 27400, 28700, 30100, 31600, 33200, 34800, 36500, 37400, 39200, 40200, 42200, 43200, 45300, 46400, 47500, 49900, 51100, 56200, 57600, 59000, 60400, 62900, 64900, 68100, 71500, 75000, 86600, 90000, 95300, 100000, 105000, 110000, 115000, 118000, 121000, 124000, 127000, 130000, 140000, 150000, 165000, 178000, 200000.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9405162A FR2719413B1 (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Method for obtaining a resistance of determined value. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9508114D0 GB9508114D0 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
| GB2289131A true GB2289131A (en) | 1995-11-08 |
| GB2289131B GB2289131B (en) | 1997-12-24 |
Family
ID=9462624
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9508114A Expired - Fee Related GB2289131B (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1995-04-21 | Process for obtaining a resistance with a specified value |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2719413B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2289131B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2324160A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-14 | Schlumberger Ind Ltd | Calibration method for an electronic electricity meter |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1386700A (en) * | 1972-05-11 | 1975-03-12 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Voice frequency signaling arrangement for telephone subset |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4782320A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1988-11-01 | Vtc Incorporated | Mesh network for laser-trimmed integrated circuit resistors |
| JPH04133401A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-05-07 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Strain gauge and output adjusting method thereof |
| FR2690524B1 (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1997-09-26 | Sextant Avionique | METHOD FOR TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OF A BRIDGE OF PRESSURE MEASUREMENT. |
| US5293148A (en) * | 1992-07-13 | 1994-03-08 | Honeywell Inc. | High resolution resistor ladder network with reduced number of resistor elements |
| JP2891274B2 (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1999-05-17 | 富士通株式会社 | Variable signal attenuator |
-
1994
- 1994-04-28 FR FR9405162A patent/FR2719413B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-21 GB GB9508114A patent/GB2289131B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1386700A (en) * | 1972-05-11 | 1975-03-12 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Voice frequency signaling arrangement for telephone subset |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2324160A (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-14 | Schlumberger Ind Ltd | Calibration method for an electronic electricity meter |
| GB2324160B (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 2001-01-03 | Schlumberger Ind Ltd | Calibration method for an electronic electricity meter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2719413A1 (en) | 1995-11-03 |
| FR2719413B1 (en) | 1996-07-26 |
| GB9508114D0 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
| GB2289131B (en) | 1997-12-24 |
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Effective date: 19990421 |