GB2284841A - Grouting liquid for injection into the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

A grouting liquid for injection into a ground, containing specified water glass and fine grain slag. It obtains the consolidated grout having high strength, and is easily adjusted to a long gelation time. Moreover, it keeps low viscosity until it starts the gelation, and thus, is excellent in penetrative property, and accordingly, is especially suitable for the injection to a permeable ground. The grouting liquid comprises a water glass having mol ratio of 1.5 to 2.8, and a fine grain slag having an average particle size of 10 mu m or less and a specific surface area of 5000cm<2>/g or more, preferably 8000cm<2>/g. It can comprises, if necessary, cement and/or limes, and moreover, an agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium.

Description

TITLE OP.- THE INVENTION A GROUTING LIQUID FOR INJECTION INTO A óROUND BACKGROUND OR THE INVENTION FIELD OP THE INVENTION The present invention relates to. a grouting liquid for injection into aground containing specified water glass and fine grain slag, and particularly1 to such a grouting liquid for injection into a ground which obtains the consolidated grout having high strength, and to a broad range ci gelation time, especially to a long gelation time, and moreover. which keeps low viscosity until it starts the gelation, and thus. is excellent in penetrative property, and accordingly. is especially suitable for the injection to a permeable ground. such as sand soil.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART It is said, in general, that the inorganic-type grouting liquid. having low viscosity and long gelation time. is. very difficult to preparc, and is only possible under the strict control. But. the strength of the consolidated grout is oblized to low, even though the preparation is possible. This means that the inorganic-type grouting liquid is scarcely passible of improving both of the penetrative property and strength, On the other hand, the organic-type grouting liquid is possible of improving both of the penetrative property and strength.But. it hac faults that the cost is very high, and moreover! the COO test is essential when it is reduced in practice Accordingly. it is an object of the present invention to provide a grouting liquid for injection into a ground which has a broad range of gelation time, especially a long gelation time, in spite that it is an inorganic-type grouting liquid, which is excellent in penetration property since it keeps low viscosity until it starts the gelation. and which is improved in consolidated strength. and in which the disadvantages associated with the above-described prior-art are overcome.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a grouting liquid for injection into a ground which comprises, as available ingredients, a water glass having mol ratio of 1.5 to 2. 8, and a fine grain slag having an average particle size of IOum m or less and a specific surface area of iooDGm2/g or more, and moreover, ccmprisec in addition thereto, cement and/or limes, or an agent for controlling the amounts of disolved calcium.

BRIER DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING Fig.1 is a simplified apparatus for injecting a grouting liquid into a sand.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention wili be described by way of preferred embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawing.

The water glass used in the present invention is a water glass having lower mol ratio than JIS No.3 water glass (Japan Industrial Standard). and having mol ratio in the range cf 1.5 to 2.8. The amount of the water glass is 1. 5 to 20% by weight to the total amount of said grouting liquid. in the conversion to the amount of siO. in ohe water glass.

The slag used in the present invention is a fine grain slag having an average particle size of 10 m or less and a specific surface area of 5000cm2/g or more, preferably SOOOcm2/g or more.

The'present invention contains. as available ingredients, said water glass and said fine grain slag. And as a result1 it is gelated with a long gelation time, keeps lower viscosity until it starts gelation, and obtains strong and homogeneous consolidated grout without precipitation.

Moreover. the present grouting liquid can contain, in addition to said water glass-slag type, cement and/or limes. These cement and limes are respectively fine grain cement and limes, especially having a specific suriace area of 5000cm2/g or more, preferably, 8000cm2/g or more, and average particle size of 10 m or less.

Furthermore. the present invention can contain, in addition thereto, an agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium. And, thus, the present invention can be controlled oi gelation time, penetrative property, and consolidated strength, Said agent for controlling' the amount of dissolved calcium are exemplified as sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, disodium hydrogenphosphate, sodium hexameta-phosphate, calcium salts of them. condensed phosphates as sequestering agents, such as pyrophosphates, acidic pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates, tetrapolyphosphates, and acidic metaphosphates, sequestering agents. such as ethylenedi aminetetraacetates, nitrotriacetates.

citrates, and tartarates. and phosphates. such as sodium phosphate sodium hydrogenphosphate, etc, . In these agents, most suitable ones are soluble alkali agent, such as bicarbonates, carbonates and phosphates containing condcnsed phosphoric acid.

Moreover, the reactants for controlling gelation time can be used in addition to the present invention, these reactants are shown as follows.

Esters: Patty acid esters of monovalent alcohol. such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate. butyl acetate. and. amyl acetate.

Fatty acid esters of polyvalent alcohol. such as ethyleneglycol diacetate, and glycerin triacetate. (total esters). Intermolecular eaters. such as # -butyrolactone. and @ -caproroctone (cyclic esters : ractones). Partial esters of polyvalent alcohol, such as ethyleneglycol monoformate, ethyleneglycol monoacetate, ethyleneglycol monopropionate, glycerin monoformate, glycerin monoacetate, glycerin mono propionate. glycerin ditormate, glycerin diacetate, sorbitol monoformate, sorbitol monoacetate, glycol monoacetate, and partially sponified vinyl acetate low polymer.

Unsaturated fatty acid esters. such as diacetoxy-ethylene

Carbonates. such as ethylen carbonate. propylene carbonate and glycerin carbonate, Aldehydes: Dialdehydes, such as glyoxal. succinic dialdehyde, malonic dialdehyde, glutaric dialdehyde. and furafural dialdehyde.

Amids; Pormamide. dimethyl formamide. acetamide, dimethylacetamide.

propionamide, butylamide, actylamide, maronic diamide, pyrrolidone, and caprolactam, Alcohols: Monovalent or poyvalent alcohols. such as ethylalcohol.

methylalcohol amylalcohol. glycerin and poly.inyialcohol, or synthetic high polymer alcohol.

Acids: Inorganic acids, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid. Organic acids. such as formic acidi acetic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid. maleic acid. and tartaric acid.

Inorganic salts: Chlorides, such as calcium chloride. sodium cnloride.

magnecium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, zinc chloride and aluminium chloride, sulfate, such as calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate. and aluminium salfate, aluminate, such as sodium aluminate, and potassium aluminate. hydrochlorides, such as, ammonium hydrochloride, zinc hydrochloride and aluminium hydrochloride, chlorates. such as sodium chlorate, potassium chloride, sodium perchlorate, and potassium perchlorate, carbonates. such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate. ammonium carbonate.

sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate. and ammonium bicarbonate bisulfates. such as sodium bisulfate. potassium bisulfate, and ammonium bisulfate, bisulfites. such as sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, and ammonium bisulfite, silicofluorides, such as sodium siiicofluoride. and potassium silicofluaride, silicates, such as alkali earth metal, or aluminium silicate, borates, such as sodium borate, potassium borate, and ammonium borate, hydrogenphosphates. such as sodium hydrogenphospbate.

potassium hydrogenphosphate, and ammonium hydrogenphosphate, pyrosulfates. such as, sodium pyrosulfate, potassium pyrosulfate, and ammonium pyrosulfate, pyrophospnates. such as sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate. and ammonium pyrophosphate, dichromates, such as sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, and ammonium dichromate, permanganates, such as potassium permanganate. and sodium permanganate.

Organic salts: Sodium acetate, sodium succi@ate, pctassium format, sodium formate, and sodium citrate.

Metal oxide, such as quick lime, alumina, iron oxide, and magnesium oxide. Salts of Ca, A #, and .Mg.

Moreover. the present invention can Include gelation accelerator. such as water solution of acidic silicate, or other suitable gelling agent.

Furthermore. the present invention can include pozzolanas.

such as flyash, siliceous sinter, diatomaceous earth, and clay to obtain a specified grouting liquid having the properties of said additives, and moreover small amounts of dispersants to prevent the precipitation of the Ingredients. and thus to obtain constantly homogeneous consolidated grout.

The grouting liquid of the present invention is injected into a ground, for example, in such a manner that one liquid type of the present liquid having long gelat.ion time ls prepared, and then, it is injected into the ground, or, at first, the cement type liquid is injected into the ground1 and then, the present liquid is injected into the same ground.

Moreover, the grouting liquid can be injected Into the ground in another manners that liquid A, which is water glass of the present invention, is prepared, and liquid B. which is fine grain slag of the present invention, is also prepared, and then, the mixture of these liquids A and B is Injected into the ground, or further, in another manners that liquid A. which contains said water glass and slap, or in addition thereof. the agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calsium Is prepared, and also, liquid B, which contains gelation accelerator. sr other suitable gelation agent Is prepared, and then, the mixture of these liquids A and B, having desired gelation time, is injected into the ground Furthermore; the grouting liquid of the present invention can.

be used in the following manners.

One manner is as follows. At first. the grouting liquid of the present invention having long gelation time is prepared as liquid A; and also, the liquid containing gelation acceleralor is prepared as liquid B. Thereafter, these liquids A and 3 are separately introduced through different pathways of a double-pathway injection pipe into a ground. And then; both of liquids A and B are mixed at the tip of the pipe to obtain the grout having short gelation time.

The obtained grout is injected intu a space around the pipe, Finally, said liquid A is singly injected into the ground.

Another manner is as follows. At first, liquid A is prepared..

which is water glass of the present invention, or a liquid containing said water glass and slag of the present invention, or in addition thereto, the agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium, and liquid B is prepared. which contains gelation accelerator (slow hardener or reactant) and furtner. squid C is prepared, which contains quick gardener (reactant). Then. the mixture of liquids A and C is injected :nt the ground. and thereafter, the mixture of liquids A and B is Injected into the ground. These injection steps are repeated with moving the injection stage upwards.

Further, the another manner is as follows. At first, liquid A, which contains the water glass and slag (if necessary, agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium is added thereto) is prepared, and liquid B which contains gelation accelerator, is prepared. Then, the quickly hardening grout which is a mixture of liquids A and B, is injected from the upper outlet of the doublepathways injection pipe, and the slowly hardening grout which is liquid A.. is injected from the lower outlet cf the same pipe. said injections being carried out at the same time into the ground.

Moreover, the another manner is as follows At first, liquid A which contains said water glass and slag. and if necessary, agent for controlling the amount of dissolved caisium, having long gelation time (no gelation liquid is also available) is prepared, and liquid B which contains slag or other reactants is prepared. Then, the grouting liquid of the present invention is prepared by mixing said liquids A and B at the time of reducing it in practice. Thereafter, the mixture is injected into the ground.

Further, the another manner is as follows. At first, liquid A containing Na3 water glass which has mol ratio of more than 2.8 is prepared, liquid B containing the water glass of the present invention having mol ratio of 1.5 to 2.e, Is prepares, iiquid C containing a quickly hardening reactant is prepared. and liquid D containing the fine grain slag of the present invention is prepared.

Then, a complex injection is carried out in such a manner that the quickly hardening grout which is composed by mixing liquids A and C is, at first, injected into the ground, and thereafter, the slowly hardening grout of the present invention, which is composed by mixing liquids B and D. is injected into the ground.

The functions of the present invention are described as follows.

The grouting liquid having long gelation time is well known in the past, which is prepared by mixing cement as a main ingredient, and water glass having low mol ratio. In this grouting liquid, the gelation time is elongated to only severai minutes to 10 minutes, at the most. This reason is considered that the cement is rich in Cao which is easy to react with Si02 of the water glass, and as a result, the CaO is quickly reacted with SiO2 of the water glass, and consequently, the gelation time becomes quick. .',!oreover, the grouting liquid can not show the consolidated strength which is originally kept in the cement. since the CaO in the cement is lost.

On the other hand, the present invention uses slag instead of cement, In the slag. the amount of CaO, which is easy to react with SiO2 of the water glass, is comparatively small. compared with the cement, and thus, the reaction with SiO2 of water glass is slow.

Moreover, in the present invention, the alkali in the water glass excites the latent hydranlic property or the slag to free calcium ion from the slag, The free calcium ion reacts with SiO2 of the water glass, and also, SiD2 of the slag. As a result the grouting liquid is gradually consolidated with a long gelation time to form calcium silicate. and consequently, obtains consolidated grout having a large consolidated strength, In addition, if the cement is added to said water glass-slag type, the reaction of the water glass-slag type is accelerated due to the hydraulic property of the cement and the reaction of the cement with silica of th: water glass.In this case, the consolidatec strength is increased although the relation time thereof becomes shorten and also the viscosity thereof increase a iittie.

The limes are difficult to dissolve in water, But, the solubility thereof increases under the presence of warer glass.

If the limes are added into said water glass-slag type, the reaction is accelerated as same as the cement.

These functions are influenced by alkali of the water glass.

Thus, in the present invention, the mol ratio of the water glass ir preferably, about 1 5 to 2. 8. And. the amount of the water glass is preferably, 1. 5 to 20 percent by weight as the amount of SiO2 in the water glass, to the total amount of the grouting liquid, under the consideration of the consolidated strength and the viscosity, The afore-mentioned slag, cement and limes of the present invnetion contribute to control the gelation of water glass, viscosity of the grout and the consolidated strength of the rout.

But, these contributions are respectively influenced by tne particle size thereof When each of the average particle size is respectively lOm m or less. and each of the specific surface area is respectively 5000cm2/g or more, preFerably 8000cm2/g or more, the suitable amounts of alkali in the water glass contribute as an exciting agent to combine large silica of slag, small silica of water glass and calcium, and to form a gelated material of strong and complicated silica-calcium having high density.

That is, the small silica from water glass is filled into the net space of the large silica from slag. and then, they are combined and consolidated with calcium to form te consol 'dat'd grout having high density.

Moreover. if the agent for controlling he amount of dissolved calcium is added to the present invention, for example, if carbonates, bicarbonates, or phosphates are added into the present invention. inert calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate is produced, and thus, the gelation time is shortened.

In the afore-mentioned type, if the mol ratio of the water glass is below 1.5. the alkali in the grout goes to excess. And as a result the grout can not he gelated. or the gelation time Of the grout becomes too long to be redused in practice as a grouting liquid.

Moreover, the grout is kept in higher viscosity without the clear gelation. Purthermore, the water pollution ifl the underground is easily occurred by the excess alkali.

Further, in the afore-mentioned type, if the mol ratio of the water glass is over Na3 water glass, that is to say, if the mol ratio is over 2. 8, the alkali in the grout goes too little. This amount is not enough to be consolidated hy the excitement of the latcnt hydraulic property of the slag. And as a result, the consolidated grout does not show the strength which is originally held in the slag. Moreover, the water glass and slag can not be easily reacted, and thus, the gelation is snarply delayed, and also.

the slag and water glass are separated. This means that it is very difficult to obtain homogeneously consolidated grout.

Moreover1 in the afore-mentioned type, if the particle size of the slag is larger than the value mentioned above, the permeability to the sand is lowered. and moreover, tn: reaction between the alkali of the water glass and slag is also sharply lowered. And as a result, the grout can not he gelated. and also. the consolidation of the water glass is not enough by the alkali.

Accordingly, it can be said in the present invention that when the fine grain slag having an average particle size of 10 m m or less and specific surface area of 5000cm2/g or more which is active in reactivity, and the water glass having mol ratio of 1. 5 to 2. B ar used, the obtained grout is adjusted to a broad range of gelation time, and is excellent in penetrative property to a permeable ground.

Moreover, when the cement and/or limes are added into the water glass-slag type of the present invention, the gelation time of said type is effectively shortened, and. when the agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium are further, added thereinto, the gelation time of said type is effectively delayed. and as a result, the gelation time of said type can be easily controlled.

When.the mol ratio of the water glass is below 1.5. said cement and limes should be added in great amounts for the shortage of the gelation time Then. the obtained grout snows sharply ihcreased viscosity having thixotropic property. and as a result, tne permability thereof is greatly lowered. and also. the shortage of the gelation time is Impossible.

On the other hand, however, when the mol ratio of the water glass is stated as mentioned in the present invention, he shortage of the gelation time is affectively accompllshed with the small amounts of the cement and limes. Accordimgly, in the present invention. the viscosity of the grout :s not increased, and thus, the permability thereof is not lowered. In addition, in case of the water glass of the present invention. the slag does not show the thixotropic property like limes in the presence of water glass, and thus, the grouting liquid of the present invention can be kept in low viscosity. The reason is considered in that in the slag. the amount of CaO which is easily freed from the slag. is very small.

and thus, the CaO in the slag is only possible to be freed in the presense of the desired amounts of alkali.

EXAUPLES The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of examples, but is not limited hy tnese examples.

1 Matsrials used (1) Water glass Five kinds of water glasses. respectively having difficult mol ratio, shown in Table 1. were used, Table I

water glass S i O 2 (%) N a 2 O (%) mol ratio 1 28.75 10.03 2.96 2 28.05 10.05 2.76 3 27.36 14.05 2.01 4 4 25.17 t 1 7.11 5 24.94 18.86 1.37 (2) Slag Four kinds of water-granulated slags, respectively having different specific surface area and average particle size, shown in Table 2, were used. These are respectively obtained by grinding a water-granulated siag having the components of SiO2 : 33.02%.

CaO : 41.94%. A @ 2O3 : 12.83%. MgO : 8.61%. and Fe2O3 : 0.37%.

Table 2

slag No. specific surface average particle area (cm@/g) size ( m) 1 4.20 0 1 3.0 2 5,30 0 9.7 3 8.30 0 8.0 4 1 0,20 0 6.0 (3) Cement Three -kinds of portland cements, respectively having different specific surface area and average particle size, shown in Table 3. were used. These are r:spectively obtained by grinding a portland cement having the components of SiO2 22.2%. CaO : 64.6%, A@2O3 : 5.4%, and Fe2O3 : 3.1%.

Table 3

cement specific surface average particle area (cm/g) size 1 4,00 0 13.7 2 5,50 0 9.1 3 8.60 0 8.2 (4) limes Three kinds of powdered slaked-limes for industrial use, shown in Table 3, were used, Table 4

alaked spacific surface average particle lime Na area (cm/g) size ( m) 1 4,50 0 1 2.9 2 5,30 0 9.2 3 8,40 0 8.3 (5) Agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

dissodium hydrogenphosphate (Na2HPO4 # 12H2O) and sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6] were used. These are mcst popular as industrial use.

2 Water glass-slag type Concerning the type of water glass in Table 1 and slag in Table 2, many kinds of blendings are shown as examples So. in Table 5. Concerning each of the examples. the gelation time, the viscosity and the unconfined compressive strength were determined.

The results thereof were shown in Table 5. The unconfined compressive strength were determined by losing the samples of sand gel. which are obtained by filling a standard sand and each of the blendings with stirring into the mold.

In the results, "after 7 days" shows the strength of after seven days impregnation in the mold, and "after 49 days" shows the strength of after 49 days impregnation in the mold. Also, the results of strength shown in Table 6 and Table 7 are obtained by the same manner.

Table 5

bleading (total @@ount 1000 g) @iso@sity @nconli@ed coapte@@ive alrea@th gelation (20 C) of consolidated groat (kgf/cm2) example wates gla@@ @@ @@ Table 1 (@@) ratin) (g) @lag Na in Table 2 (g) SiO2 time (CPS) water from (@in) impreg@ation days (n@@@bers of days) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 (g) water 20# 1 C after after (2.96) (2.76) (2.01) (1.54) (1.37) glans (%) 2 @in. 20min after 7 days after 49 days 1 278 125 597 8.0 360 or nore 20.6 156 3.1 7.0 2 278 125 597 8.0 360 19.4 140 3.9 7.4 3 278 125 597 8.0 300 17.0 120 4.2 8.1 4 278 125 597 8.0 240 14.5 98 5.0 9.0 5 285 125 590 8.0 249 18.0 100 5.1 9.5 6 285 125 590 8.0 75 10.0 50 9.0 20.0 7 285 125 590 8.0 45 8.0 44 11.1 25.7 8 285 125 590 8.0 30 7.l 40 13.0 27.0 9 292 125 583 8.0 180 16.0 90 6.0 11.2 10 292 125 583 8.0 40 9.5 60 10.5 22.4 11 292 125 583 8.0 30 7.1 41 13.1 23.6 12 292 125 583 8.0 22 6.5 35 15.5 30.0 13 318 135 557 8.0 150 17.5 110 5.7 19.0 14 318 125 557 8.0 70 10.5 62 9.6 22.9 15 318 125 557 8.0 50 9.3 48 12.0 25.0 16 318 125 557 8.0 40 8.0 37 14.2 28.5 17 321 125 554 8.0 300 or more 25.5 190 4.0 10.5 18 321 125 554 8.0 300 or more 24.0 172 4.1 11.3 19 321 125 554 8.0 300 23.0 159 5.0 11.9 20 321 125 554 80 240 29.0 135 5.6 12.5 21 50 350 600 1.37 55 14.0 130 5.9 12.0 22 60 340 600 1.64 35 14.5 140 9.7 22.0 23 100 300 600 2.74 30 19.0 180 11.0 21.1 24 200 200 000 5.17 22 23.0 250 13.5 21.6 25 400 100 500 10.9 20 40.0 14.3 22.5 26 600 50 350 16.1 18 50.0 gels- 13.0 20.7 fioc 27 700 50 250 19.2 10 60.0 14.9 21.9 28 800 50 150 21.9 5 150 7.5 18.0 In Table 5, examples Nal to 20 show various kinds of blendings of five kinds of water glass in Table 1. four kinds of slags in Table 2 and water. Total amount of each blendings is 1000g. and the concentration of SiO2 from water glass is 8%.

In examples Nal to 41 mol ratio of 2. 95 is used as water glass.

These examples show. respectively. too long gelation time, high viscosity and low strength. And. supernatant liquid is separated from each of the examples. In examples No. 17 to 20, mol ratio of 1.37 is used as water glass. These examples also snow the same results. Especially. the viscosities thereof are high, On the other hand, examples No. 5 to 15. using, respectively, the water glass of the present invention, show low viscosity, and high strength, expect examples NoS. 9. and 13, respectively, using slag NQ1 of Table 2. especially, examples l,'aT, 7, 8, 8, 11.

12. 15 and 15. each, using slags Na 3 and A in Table 2 (specific surface area of 8000cm2/g or more, and average particle size of 10 m or less) show excellent effects.

It is apparent from the efore-mentloned results that when water glass having mol ratio of 1. 5 to 2. 8 is used, and slag having an average particle size of 10 m or less and specific surface area of 5000cm2/g or more, preperably 8000cm2/g or more, the excellent effects can be expected.

Examples No.21 to 28 are respectively composed by combining water glass of Na3 in Table 1 and slag of No.4 in Table 2. and changing the concentration of the water glass. In these examples, example No.21. which uses tfre water glass having low in SiO2 from the water glass (1.37%) shows low strength, and examples N128.

which uses the water glass having high in SiO2 from the water glass (21. 9%) shows high viscosity, low gelation time, and low strength. From these results. it can be said that the suitable concentration of the water glass is approximately 1. 5 to20% to the total blending, 3 Water glass-slag-cement slaked lime Concerning the type formed by adding cement and/or slaked lime ro the afore-mentloned water glass-slag type, many kinds of blending are shown as example Not. in Table. Moreover, concerning each of the examples. the gelation time. the viscosity and the unconfined compressive strength were determined These results were shown in Table 6.

Table 7

biending (total amount 1000g) viscosity umconf ined compt essive stre@gth agent for cont ralling the amount of gelation (20 C) of comsolidated grout (kg@/cm2) water slag of dissolved calci@@ time (CPS) example glass of Na@ in water (min.) Ma Na3 in Table 2 sodion sodium disodium sodion (g) 20#1 C impregnation days(numbers of days) Table 1 (g) @@ydr @gen- cart@onate hydrogen- heranets- after after (g) carbonate (g) phosphate phosphate 2 min 20 min after 7 days after 19 days (g) (g) (g) (12) 292 125 583 22 6.3 35 15.5 30.0 43 292 125 2 581 24 6.0 31 15.1 29.5 44 292 125 6 577 30 5.8 27 14.9 29.2 45 292 125 10 573 92 5.3 22 13.6 26.9 46 292 125 14 569 160 4.1 16 10.0 21.3 47 292 125 5 578 25 6.1 32 15.2 29.3 48 292 125 8 578 29 5.9 28 15.0 29.0 49 292 125 17 566 28 5.3 26.6 15.4 29.8 50 292 125 26 557 49 4.6 23.0 15.1 29.1 51 292 125 8 575 26 5.0 26.2 15.4 29.7 52 292 125 15 568 28 4.5 23.6 15.3 29.5 In Table,5. example No.(15) is same as example No. 15 of Table 5, which contains only water glass and slag, end Is merely shown as comparison. Examples No.29 tu 5 show the types composed of substituting a part of the slag in example: No.15 by cement. In each of these examples, the viscosity increases. the gelation time is shorten. and the strength is improved. These results become more remarkable in accordance with the increase of the amounts of cement.Concerning the particle size of cement, when fine grain cement is used. the gelaticn time is shorten, the strength is improved, and the increase of the viscosity is not high. In Table 3, No.3 cement is excellent compared with No.

2. and Nol. Especially. examples No.50 and 39, cotn cf which use a cement having average particle size ol 10 m or less and specific area of 5000cm2/g or more, preferably 8000cm2/g or more (exampies No.51 and 34) show excellent effects.

Examples No.36 to 42 show the types composed of suostituting a part of slag in example No. 15 by slaked lime. These examples show the same or more excellent results as compared with te cement case.

It is evident from said results that in th;s type, the gelation time is shortened. and the strength, especially the initial strength is improved, although the viscosity increases.

Accordingly, it can be said from the facts that when the cement, and/or limes, especially fine grain cement and/or iine grain limes are added to the water glass--slag type of the present invention, the obtained grdut is suitable to use for the ground in which the shortened gelation time is required, and improved strength, especially improved initial strength is required without considering the increase of viscosity.

4 Water glass-slag-agent for controlling te amount of dissolved calcium type This type is formed by adding agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium 'into the afore-mentioned water glass-slag type, The agents for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium to be used are shown as sodium hvdropencarhcnate, sodium carbonate, bisodium hydrogencarbonate and sodium hexametaphos- phate, Many kinds of blendings of said type were shown as examples No. in Table 7. Moreover, concerning each of the examples the gelation time, the viscosity, and Lne unconfined ccmpresive strength were determined.These results were shown in Table i, Table 6

blending (total ampuat 1000g) visDOSity @@confined compressive stroaght gelation (20 C) of consolidated grout (kgl/cm2) water slag of coment slaked lime time (OPS) example glass of No3 in water (min) No. No.1 in Table No in Table 3 (g No in Table 1 (g) (g) 20#1 C after after impregnation days(numbcrs of days) Table 2 (g) 2 min 20 min 1 (g) 1 2 3 1 2 3 after 7 days after 49 days (15) 318 125 575 50 9.3 48 12.0 25.0 29 318 100 25 575 40 35 110 13.0 25.0 30 318 100 25 575 29 19 70 18.0 27.0 31 318 100 25 575 24 16 55 19.5 28.7 32 318 80 45 575 12 78 13.1 26.5 33 318 30 45 575 7 50 19.1 28.1 gela34 318 80 45 575 5 40 tion 20.5 30.6 35 318 60 65 575 2 gelation 21.0 31.6 36 318 100 25 575 30 75 300 18.1 27.1 37 318 100 25 575 18 52 120 22.1 31.7 38 318 100 25 575 12 38 95 23.3 32.2 39 318 80 45 575 8 148 20.0 29.6 40 318 80 45 575 5 100 gela- 26.0 33.3 tion 41 318 80 45 575 2 gelation 27.2 34.0 42 318 80 25 20 575 4 65 23.0 31.5 In Table 7, example No (12) is same as example No.12 of Table 5. which contains only water glass and slag, and is merely shown as comparison. Examples Na43 to 52 snow the types composed of adding into the water glass-slag type, rcspoctivcly sodium hydrogen carbonate. sodium carbonate, bisodium hydrogenphosphate and sodium hexameta-phosphate.

It is apparent from Table 7 that the gelation time becomes longer, and the viscosity is gradually lowered in accordance with the increase of the amount of the agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium, But, the strength of the consolidate grout Is slightly lowered. Accordingly, it is said that this type of grout is suitabl- to use cr the ground in which short- ened gelation time is required for improving the permability without considering the increase of the strength.

5 Penetrative test and alkali dissolving test The penetrative test of the present invention was carried out by using the injection apparatus shown :n Fig. 1. in Pig. 1.

Numeral 1 shows compressor, 2 and @ show respectively, pressure gage. The grouting liquid 6 of the present invention is filled into the water vessel 5 having stirrer 4, and ccnnected to a compresser 1.

Numeral 7 represents an acrylic mold. Into the mold 7, sand 8 is filled. The grouting liquid 6 filled in the water vessel 5 is introduced into the sand 8 in the acrylic mold 7 by the operation of the compressor 1. Then, the grouting liquid 5 is penetrated into the sand 8, The grouting liquid 6 passed through the sand 8 is collected into a measuring cylinder 11 to determine the penetrative condition. Numerals 9 and 10 respectively show wire net, Several kinds of sand 8 filled into the acrylic mold 7 are shown in Table 8. and the results of penetrative test are shown in Table 9.

Table 8

sand particle size of sand 15% particle 10% particle No. to be used ( m) size ( m) size ( m) Toyoura standard sand 1 (74#420) 1 4 7 1 3 0 2 blend sand (#420) 1 1 0 9 5 3 " (#420) 9 0 7 5 4 " (#420) 7 5 6 0 Table 9

example grouting sand to be : penetration | unconfined Na liquid I used j result ! co .pressivecopressive 1 j Nal in Table 8 o 35.5 2 Na12 in NQ2 in Table 8 0 3 0.4 3 Table 5 No3 in Table 8 s 2 8.4 4 Na4 in Table 8 O 2 5,2 5 I Nal in Table 8! L ! xx 6 h4 in j 2 in Table 8 5 t x x 7 Table 5 j B3 in Table 8 x xx 8 lin4 in Table & 8 x x x 9 B1 in Table 8 | A x x 1 0 Nub.20 in Na2 in Table 8 ! L x x 1 1 Table 5 2d3 in Table 8 .t j x 1 2 Nta4 in Table 8 x l, x The marks in Table 9, respectively have the following meanings.

O : The grouting liquid passed througn the mold was normally gelated. The inside of the consolidated grout is normal, A : The grouting liquid passed through the mold was slowly gelated. The inside of the consolidated grout is hardened in the lower part, but is weak in the upper part.

x | The grouting liquid passed through the mold was not gelated The inside of the consolidated grout is hardened only in the lower part, but is not hardened in the upper part, x x : The homogeneous samples can not be obtained.

(Notice) The unconfined compressive strength means the strength of after seven days impregnation in the mold, Moreover, the samples after the penetrative test were burried into a mountain sand having a depth of 10cm, which is formed by filling it into a water vessel having a size of 20cm of height, 50cm of width. and 50cm of length, Water was then poured into the vessel until it reaches to the height of 10cm.

After ten' days passed, the water was samplified from the upper side of the vessel to determine the FH thereof, The results were shown in Table 10.

Table 1,0

ex amp le example o. of consolideted pH o: No. grout in Tahle 9 Isampliiied warer 1 3 1 1 4 2 3 14 2 1 s 13 5 1 s 16 4 1 1 J 17 5 1 18 6 A 1 9. 7 j x 20 8 x 2 9 9 22 10 I x 23 11 24 12 x The marks in Table 10 respectively show the following meanings.

# : pH is below 10.

# : pH is 10 to 10.5.

x : pH is over 10. 5.

It can not said from the afore-mentioned test results that when the water glass having mol ratio of over 2.8 is used (examples No.5 to 8 in Table 9), ttl: penetration is inadequate since the slag is separated from the grout. Moreover, when the water glass having mol ratio of below 1. 1.5 is used (examples No.

9 to 12). the viscosity Is high, and thus, the cpper part of the consolidated grout 15 not encughly consolidated. The examples No.1 to 4 of the present invention, respectively show excellent penetration results, Furthermore, it is evident from Table 10 that when the water glass having mol ratio of over 2. 8 is used (examples No.17 to 20), the reaction of the water glass and slag is inadequate since the water glass is separated from the stag, and thus, the alkali of water glass is easily dissolved, and, as a result, pH becomes high. When the water glass having mol ratio of below 1. 5 is used (examples No.21 to 24), the FH value also becomes high with the excess of alkali.The examples No.13 to lo of the present invention show, respectively, the low pS, keeping below 10.

Consequently, it can be said from the afore-mentioned examples that when the types consisting of the water glass having mol ratio of 1.5 to 2. 8, and the fine grain slag having an average particle size of IOlcrm m or less and a specific surface 'area of 5000cm2/g or more, preferably 8000cm2/g or more, show enough penetrative property and excellent consolidated strengt'h, Moreover, in addition to, said water glass-slag type, the cement and/or limes, preferably. the fine grain cement and/or limes, respectively having an average particle size of 'lO,zlm or less and a specific surface area of 5000cm2/g or more, preferably 8000cm2/g or more are added, or moreover. the agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium is added, the gelation time, the penetrative property and tne consolidated strength of the obtained grout can be control ted as a suitable grout for. the ground to be injected In the afore-mentioned example, the ordinary water glass produced by melting silica sand and alkali was used, but the water glass, in which the mol ratio thereof is adjusted to 1. 5 to 2.8 by adding alkali to NQ3 water glass. can also be used.

Further, in the atore-mentioned examples. the watergranulated slag was used as a slag, but, other silicate slags can also be used. And the portland cement was used as a cement, but, other cements. such as Portland blast furnace slag cement, or alumina cement can also be used. Moreover, the slaked lime for industrial use was used as limes. but the quick lime can also used since it changes to slaked lime into the water The; effects' of the present invention are as follows.

(1) In a grouting liquid containing water glass and slag, when the water glass having mol ratio of 1, 5 to 2, 8. and the fine grain slag having an average particle size of 1CA a or less and a specific surface area of 5000cm2/g or more, preferably 8000cm2/g or more, are used, the obtained grout keeps low viscosity, and is surely consolidated with a comparatively long gelation time, and furthremore shows strong consolidated strength, for a long duration.

(2) When the fine grain cement and/or limes, each having an average particle size of lOvm or less and a specific surface area of 5000cm:/g cr more, preferably 8000cm2/g cr more, are added into said water glass-slag type, tne gelation t::ne of the obtained grout can be shortened, and the strength thereof can be improved, although the viscosity is a little increased, (3) When the agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium is added into said water glass-siag type. the obtained grout can be adjusted to lower the viscosity, to elongate the gelation time and to improve permability althougn the strength is a little lowered.

Claims (6)

What is claimed is;

1. A grouting liquid for injection into a ground which comprises,.

as available ingredients, a water glass having mol ratio of 1. 5 to 2. 8. and a fine grain slag having an average particle size of lOfim or less and a specific surface area of 5000cm2/g or more.

2. A grouting liquid for injection into a ground as claimed in claim 1. wherein said fine grain slag has specific surface area of 8000cm2/g or more.

3. A grouting liquid for in;sction into a ground as claimed in claim 1, wherein said grouting liquid rnoreover. ccmpr:ses in addition thereto, cement and/or limes.

4. A grouting liquid for injection into a ground as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of said cement and limes has, respectively, an average particle size of 10 m or less and a specific surface area of 5000cm2/g or more.

5. A grouting liquid for injection into a ground as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of said cement and l:mes has respectively, an average particle size of 10 m or less and a specific surface area of 8000cm2/g or more.

6. A grouting liquid for injection into a ground as claimed in claim 1. wherein said grouting liquid, moreover, comprises in addition thereto, an agent for controlling the amount of dissolved calcium, 7, A grouting liquid for injection into a ground as claimed in claim 1. wherein the amount of said water glass is 1. 5 to 20 percent by weight in conversion to the amount of SiO2 of the water glass, to the total amount of the grouting liquid