GB2260530A - Improvements in and relating to moving a structure - Google Patents
Improvements in and relating to moving a structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2260530A GB2260530A GB9121425A GB9121425A GB2260530A GB 2260530 A GB2260530 A GB 2260530A GB 9121425 A GB9121425 A GB 9121425A GB 9121425 A GB9121425 A GB 9121425A GB 2260530 A GB2260530 A GB 2260530A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- projecting means
- slot
- slots
- moved
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/005—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground, e.g. by pushing lining from an access pit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F1/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps
- B66F1/02—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts
- B66F1/04—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts the posts being toothed
- B66F1/08—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps with locking elements, e.g. washers, co-operating with posts the posts being toothed and the devices being operated by fluid pressure
Abstract
A method of moving a structure 1 supported on the ground, in which the structure has formed in it a plurality of slots 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e, respectively, each slot extending in the direction in which the structure is to be moved. Projecting means e.g. pins 4 is placed so that it is held in a fixed position relative to the ground and projects through one of the slots 1b. The structure 1 is so urged away from the projecting means 4 e.g. by jacks 6 as to move the structure relative to the ground. That or further projecting means 4 is then placed so that it is held in a further fixed position relative to the ground and projects through the same or a different slot in the structure 1. The structure 1 is again so urged away from the projecting means 4 as to move the structure relative to the ground by a further distance in the same direction. <IMAGE>
Description
2'Improvements in and relating to loving a structure"
The invention relates to loving a structure, and especially to moving a structure in the formation of a passageway through the ground.
It is often required to form a passagewaway underneath an existing installation, for example, a railway, to provide an underpass or tunnel, and it is highly desirable that the normal functioning of that installation be disrupted as little as possible during that operation. It has previously been proposed to form such a passageway by inserting a single tubular structure or unit of a size sufficient to provide the passageway, the structure being inserted in a direction along its axis through the ground underneath the installation while the ground immediately ahead of the structure is excavated.Generally, in such an operation, a working pit has initially to be excavated alongside the installation, and the tubular structure, which may be constructed in the pit, is arranged on the floor of the pit for insertion with its axis extending substantially horizontally in the direction of insertion.
Substantial thrust has then to be applied to the rear face of the structure to move it forward over the floor of the pit and into the ground ahead of it and underneath the installation. Such thrust is supplied by powerful hydraulic jacks arranged to act on the rear of the structure, between the rear face of the structure and either a thrust wall constructed so as to extend upwards from the floor of the working pit or a jacking base constructed on or in the floor of the working pit, over which jacking base the structure is moved forwards into the ground. Such a jacking base is formed with a series of transversely-extending recesses arranged at intervals in the direction of insertion. The rear wall of each recess provides a thrust wall for the jacks, and each of the rear walls is used in turn to provide the required thrust as the structure is moved progressively forwards.Accordingly, the jacking base has to be of a length (in the direction of insertion of the structure) at least equal to the distance the structure has to be moved in that direction. Such a jacking base is relatively expensive to construct, and may have to be removed after the jacking operation has been carried out.
The invention provides a method of moving a structure supported on the ground, wherein the structure has formed in it a plurality of slots, each slot extending in the direction in which the structure is to be moved, and the structure is moved over the ground by placing projecting means in a first position relative to the structure, in which the projecting leans is held in a first fixed position relative to the ground and projects through one of the said slots in the structure at a position spaced apart (in the direction in which the structure is to be moved) from the rear end of that slot, so urging the structure at the leading end of that slot away from the projecting means as to move the rear end of the said slot nearer to the projecting means and to love the structure relative to the ground in the said direction, removing the projecting means from the said first fixed position, placing that or further projecting means in a second position relative to the structure, in which the projecting means is held in a second fixed position relative to the ground and projects through the same or a different slot in the structure at a position spaced apart from the rear end of that slot, and so urging the structure at the leading end of that slot away from the projecting means as to move the rear end of that slot nearer to the projecting means and to move the structure relative to the ground by a further distance in the same direction.
When, as will often be the case, it is desired to move the structure a greater distance, then, advantageously, after the projecting means has been placed in the said second position and the structure moved along the ground by the said further distance, that or further projecting means is placed in one or more additional positions relative to the structure, in each of which positions the projecting means is held in a fixed position relative to the ground (which may be either the said first or the said second fixed position or one of one or more additional fixed positions) and projects through one of the said slots in the structure at a position spaced apart from the rear end of that slot, and the structure at the leading end of that slot is so urged away from the projecting means as to move the structure relative to the ground further in the same direction.That operation can be repeated until the structure reaches its final position. Preferably, the arrangement is such that two or three fixed positions relative to the ground for the projecting weans are sufficient to enable the structure to be moved to its final position. In any particular case, the most appropriate arrangement of the slots in the structure (including the number of slots provided and their length) and the number and arrangement of the fixed positions relative to the ground can readily be determined, but it will generally be found advantageous to have at least one row of slots, the row extending along the structure in the direction of movement, and even two or more rows, each of which extends along the structure in the said direction.Depending on the total distance the structure is to be moved, the or each row of slots may extend along substantially the entire length of the structure in the direction of movement.
Advantageously, the structure at the leading end of the or each slot is urged away from the projecting means by one or more hydraulic jacks arranged to act between the wall of the slot at its leading end and the projecting means.
The said fixed positions relative to the ground are advantageously provided by a jacking base formed in the ground at a level immediately below the structure.
Preferably, the projecting leans comprises one or sore pins and the jacking base has apertures at each of the said fixed positions into which one or more of the pins can be inserted. When two or more rows of slots are provided in the structure, then the jacking base nay comprise two or more separate sections, each section providing the said fixed positions for a different row of the slots.
In the method of the invention, it is possible for the jacking base to be much smaller in plan area than those previously proposed. The length of the jacking base of the invention in the direction of movement of the structure can be shorter, and the width of the jacking base in the transverse direction (and when the jacking base comprises two or more sections separated from each other in the transverse direction the width of the jacking base is the sum of the widths of the sections) can be less, than those of previously proposed jacking bases. Accordingly, considerable savings in expense can be achieved.
The jacking base may be constructed directly underneath the structure prior to movement of the structure. Alternatively, the jacking base may be constructed so as to lie in front of the leading end of the structure before movement begins. In the latter case, the structure is advantageously provided with forward extension means arranged to provide a slot at the leading end of the structure, which slot extends over the jacking base before movement of the structure begins. The extension leans may be in the form of a framework of, for example, steel bars.
Such an arrangement allows a saving in time, because the base and the structure can be constructed at the same time as each other, rather than having to construct the base first and then the structure directly above it. The forward extension means may be removed when the structure has been moved to a position in which one of the slots in the structure itself lies over the jacking base.
If it is desired to move the structure to a position beyond the jacking base, the structure may be provided with rear extension means at the rear of the structure. Such rear extension means may also be in the form of a framework of, for example, steel bars, which may be removed when no longer required.
Advantageously, the structure is arranged to move on tracks provided on the ground, and, preferably, a pair of tracks is provided.
The structure is advantageously arranged, after movement, to define at least part of a passageway through the ground. Thus, the structure may be a tubular structure, or a channel-shaped structure, which is moved in the direction of its axis, the slots being formed in the base of the structure. The structure may, however, also be a flat member, which My subsequently form the roof of a passageway through the ground. In that case, the structure may be formed with two rows of slots, one row extending adjacent to each longitudinal edge of the structure, each of the slots being open on its side nearest to the edge of the structure along which it extends so that the structure, in plan view, appears to have castellated longitudinal edges.The jacking base for such an arrangement may then comprise two sections, one for each row of slots, the sections being separated from each other in a transverse direction, and a pair of tracks for the structure may be arranged on the ground between the two sections of the jacking base.
Movement of the structure in accordance with the invention may take place while the ground immediately ahead of the structure is being excavated to allow insertion of the structure into the ground.
The invention also provides a structure inserted into the ground by moving it in accordance with the method of the invention.
A method of moving a structure in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a structure and a jacking base at a first stage in the method of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the structure of Fig. 1 taken along the line II-II shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the structure and the jacking base of Figs. 1 and 2 at a later stage in the method of the invention;
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the structure of Fig. 3 taken along the line IV-IV shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section through the structure of Fig. 3 taken along the line V-V shown in Fig.
3;
Figs. 6a to 6x, inclusive, show vertical sections through the jacking base and a portion of the structure at different stages in the movement of the structure in accordance with the method of the invention; and
Fig. 7 is a vertical section through the structure on a smaller scale after the structure has been moved the desired distance to its final position.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, and initially to Figs. 1 to 5, a tubular structure, indicated generally by the reference numeral 1, of rectangular cross-section (see Fig. 5) rests on a pair of parallel rails or tracks 2 laid on the ground for movement in the direction of the arrow A along the axis of the structure. The structure 1 is constructed from reinforced concrete formed by casting in the position shown in Fig. 1, and has formed in its base a row of longitudinally-extending slots la, ib, ic, Id and le, respectively, the row extending in the direction of movement of the structure.
Constructed in the ground ahead of, and at a level immediately below, the structure 1 in the direction of movement, is a jacking base, indicated generally by the reference numeral 3. The jacking base 3 is also formed from reinforced concrete, and is cast in situ. The jacking base 3 has three apertures 3a, 3b and 3c, respectively, each of which is arranged to receive projecting means 4 comprising a row of four pins, the pins being so held in each of the apertures as to project vertically upwards in fixed positions relative to the ground.
At its leading end 1', the structure 1 is provided with a framework 5 (indicated schematically in part by broken lines in Figs. 1 and 2) of steel members which extend from the leading end 1' over the aperture 3a in the jacking base 3. The framework 5 effectively provides a further slot Sa similar to the slots la to le formed in the base of the structure 1.
To move the structure 1 in accordance with the method of the invention, four jacks 6 supported in a cradle 7 are arranged to act between the leading end of the framework S and the pins 4, which project upwards from the aperture 3a in the jacking base 3 in a first fixed position relative to the ground. The pins 4 project through the slot 5a provided by the framework 5 at a position spaced apart from the leading end 1' of the structure 1, which forms the rear end of the slot 5a. The jacks 6 are expanded so as to move the framework 5, and hence the tubular structure 1, a short distance to the left as shown in Figs. 6a and 6b so that the leading end 1' of the structure is moved nearer to the pins 4. The jacks 6 are then retracted and spacers 8a placed between the jacks and the pins 4 as shown in Fig.
6c. The jacks 6 are expanded again so that the structure 1 is caused to move a further small distance to the left as shown in Fig. 6d. Again, the jacks 6 are retracted, a further set of spacers 8b inserted between the spacers 8a and the jacks, and the jacks expanded as shown in Fig. 6e.
Retraction and expansion of the jacks 6 is repeated, inserting a third set of spacers 8c and then a fourth set of spacers 8d until the structure 1 reaches the position shown in Fig. 6g, in which the pins 4 are close to the leading end 1' of the structure.
All the spacers 8a to 8d are then removed, and the pins 4 are withdrawn from the aperture 3a and placed so as to project vertically upwards from the aperture 3b in the jacking base 3 at a second fixed position relative to the ground, still projecting through the slot Sa but once again spaced apart from the leading end 1' of the structure. The jacks 6 are then arranged to act between the framework 5 and the pins 4 in the aperture 3b as shown in Fig. 6h to move the structure 1 a further small distance to the position shown in Fig. 6i. The operation described with reference to Figs. 6c to 6f is then repeated with the pins 4 in the aperture 3b as shown in Figs. 6j to 61, only three sets of spacers 8a, 8b and 8c, respectively, being used.
The structure 1 has now been moved forward by such a distance that the slot 1a formed in the base of the structure itself is located at least partly over the jacking base 3. In that position of the structure 1, the pins 4 can be moved back to the aperture 3a in the jacking base and project through the slot la in the structure 1 at a position spaced apart from the rear end of the slot la.
The framework 5 can then be removed. The jacks 6 are arranged to act between the pins 4 and the wall of the structure 1 at the leading end of the slot 1a as shown in
Fig. 6m. Using the jacks 6 and the spacers 8a to 8d, a moving operation similar to that described above with reference to Figs. 6b to 6g and the slot Sa is then performed as shown in Figs. 6n and 60, to move the structure 1 relative to the pins 4 until the pins are close to the rear end of the slot la as shown in Fig. 60. The pins 4 can then be moved to the aperture 3b in the jacking base 3 as shown in Fig. 6p so that they still project through the slot la but are once again spaced apart from the rear end of that slot. The moving operation is repeated so as to move the structure 1 to the position shown in Fig. 6r.The pins 4 are then moved to the aperture 3c in the jacking base 3 as shown in Fig. 6s, and the moving operation performed again until the structure 1 is in the position shown in Fig. 6t. When the structure 1 reaches that position, the pins 4 are removed from the aperture 3c and returned to the aperture 3b, where they project through the slot 1b in the structure. That stage is shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
By repeating the moving operation using the jacks 6 and the spacers 8a to 8d and relocating the pins 4 in the appropriate aperture in the jacking base 3 so as to project through each of the remaining slots 1c to 1e in the structure in turn, the structure 1 is moved forward in increments until it reaches the position shown in Fig. 6u.
In that position, the pins 4, jacks 6 and spacers 8a are removed from the positions shown in dotted lines in Fig.
6u, and the pins are relocated in the aperture 3b, the jacks being arranged to act between rear end 1" of the structure 1 and the pins. By expanding and retracting the jacks 6 and inserting the spacers 8a to 8d the structure 1 is moved further forwards beyond the jacking base 3 to the position shown in Fig. 6v, and by relocating the pins 4 in the aperture 3c the structure is moved to its final position as shown in Figs. 6x and 7. In that final position, the structure 1 may define at least part of a passageway through the ground, and the ground may be excavated ahead of the structure as it is moved forwards in order to allow insertion into the ground.
If it is desired to move the structure 1 a further distance to a position beyond that shown in Figs. 6x and 7, then rear extension means (not shown) similar to the framework 5 but extending rearwardly from the rear end 1" of the structure over the jacking base 3 may be secured to the structure when it reaches the position shown in Figs.
6x and 7 (or before it reaches that position). The jacks 6 can then be arranged to act between the rear of the rear extension means and the pins 4 located in one of the apertures 3a, 3b or 3c in the jacking base 3 in a similar manner to that described above, and, by using the spacers 8a to 8d and relocating the pins 4 as appropriate, the structure 1 can be moved a further distance beyond the jacking base in the same direction. The rear extension means can be removed after such further movement has been accomplished.
Claims (30)
1. A method of moving a structure supported on the ground, wherein the structure has formed in it a plurality of slots, each slot extending in the direction in which the structure is to be moved, and the structure is moved over the ground by placing projecting means in a first position relative to the structure, in which the projecting means is held in a first fixed position relative to the ground and projects through one of the said slots in the structure at a position spaced apart (in the direction in which the structure is to be moved) from the rear end of that slot, so urging the structure at the leading end of that slot away from the projecting means as to move the rear end of the said slot nearer to the projecting means and to move the structure relative to the ground in the said direction, removing the projecting means from the said first fixed position, placing that or further projecting means in a second position relative to the structure, in which the projecting means is held in a second fixed position relative to the ground and projects through the same or a different slot in the structure at a position spaced apart from the rear end of that slot, and so urging the structure at the leading end of that slot away from the projecting means as to move the rear end of that slot nearer to the projecting means and to move the structure relative to the ground by a further distance in the same direction.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, after the projecting means has been placed in the said second position and the structure moved along the ground by the said further distance, that or further projecting means is placed in one or more additional positions relative to the structure, in each of which positions the projecting means is held in a fixed position relative to the ground and projects through one of the said slots in the structure at a position spaced apart from the rear end of that slot, and the structure at the leading end of that slot is so urged away from the projecting means as to move the structure relative to the ground further in the same direction.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fixed position in which the projecting means is held relative to the ground when placed in the said one or more additional positions relative to the structure is the said first or Che said second fixed position or one of one or more additional fixed positions.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the arrangement is such that two or three fixed positions relative to the ground for the projecting means are sufficient to enable the structure to be moved to its final position.
5. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein there is provided at least one row of slots, the row extending along the structure in the direction of movement.
6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein there is provided two or more rows of slots, each of which extends along the structure in the direction of movement.
7. A method as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the or each row of slots extends along substantially the entire length of the structure in the direction of movement.
8. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the structure at the leading end of the or each slot is urged away from the projecting means by one or more hydraulic jacks arranged to act between the wall of the slot at its leading end and the projecting means.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the said fixed positions relative to the ground are provided by a jacking base formed in the ground at a level immediately below the structure.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the projecting means comprises one or more pins and the jacking base has apertures at each of the said fixed positions into which one or more of the pins can be inserted.
11. A method as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein there is provided two or more rows of slots in the structure and the jacking base comprises two or more separate sections, each section providing the said fixed positions for a different row of the slots.
12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the jacking base is constructed directly underneath the structure prior to movement of the structure.
13. A method as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the jacking base is constructed so as to lie in front of the leading end of the structure before movement begins.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the structure is provided with forward extension means arranged to provide a slot at the leading end of the structure, which slot extends over the jacking base before movement of the structure begins.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the extension means is in the form of a framework.
16. A method as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the forward extension means is removed when the structure has been moved to a position in which one of the slots in the structure itself lies over the jacking base.
17. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the structure is provided with rear extension means at the rear of the structure.
18. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the rear extension means is in the form of a framework.
19. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the structure is arranged to move on tracks provided on the ground.
20. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein a pair of tracks is provided.
21. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the structure is arranged, after movement, to define at least part of a passageway through the ground.
22. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the structure is a tubular structure, which is moved in the direction of its axis, the slots being formed in the base of the structure.
23. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the structure is a channel-shaped member, which is moved in the direction of its axis, the slots being formed in the base of the structure.
24. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the structure is a flat member.
25. A method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the flat member is arranged to form the roof of a passageway through the ground.
26. A method as claimed in claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the structure is formed with two rows of slots, one row extending adjacent to each longitudinal edge of the structure, each of the slots being open on its side nearest to the edge of the structure along which it extends.
27. A method as claimed in claim 26, wherein the jacking base comprises two sections, one for each row of slots, the sections being separated from each other in a transverse direction, and a pair of tracks for the structure is arranged on the ground between the two sections of the jacking base.
28. A method as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the ground immediately ahead of the structure is excavated, as the structure is moved forwards, so as to allow insertion of the structure into the ground.
29. A method substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
30. A structure inserted into the ground by moving it in accordance with the method claimed in any one of claims 1 to 29.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9121425A GB2260530B (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Improvements in and relating to moving a structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9121425A GB2260530B (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Improvements in and relating to moving a structure |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9121425D0 GB9121425D0 (en) | 1991-11-20 |
| GB2260530A true GB2260530A (en) | 1993-04-21 |
| GB2260530B GB2260530B (en) | 1994-09-28 |
Family
ID=10702646
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9121425A Expired - Fee Related GB2260530B (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Improvements in and relating to moving a structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2260530B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1409822A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1975-10-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Thrusting device |
| GB1548897A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1979-07-18 | Redpath Dorman Long Ltd | Movement of bridge spans or the like |
-
1991
- 1991-10-08 GB GB9121425A patent/GB2260530B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1409822A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1975-10-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Thrusting device |
| GB1548897A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1979-07-18 | Redpath Dorman Long Ltd | Movement of bridge spans or the like |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9121425D0 (en) | 1991-11-20 |
| GB2260530B (en) | 1994-09-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20061008 |