GB2222616A - Heated building panel - Google Patents
Heated building panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2222616A GB2222616A GB8821040A GB8821040A GB2222616A GB 2222616 A GB2222616 A GB 2222616A GB 8821040 A GB8821040 A GB 8821040A GB 8821040 A GB8821040 A GB 8821040A GB 2222616 A GB2222616 A GB 2222616A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- screed
- layer
- building panel
- panel according
- thermally insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
- E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
- E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
- E04C2/525—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
Abstract
A building panel designed to reduce condensation on the internal surfaces of buildings comprises, in sequence, a steel decking 10, an underlayer screed 11 of settable lightweight epoxy resin in which are embedded electrical surface heating cables 12, a layer of bitumen emulsion adhesive 15, a thermally insulating layer 16 of cellular glass insulation, a further layer 18 of bitumen emulsion adhesive, a load-spreading layer 19 of expanded metal and a surface deck screed 20. The heating cables 12 maintain the steel decking 10 a sufficient temperature to inhibit condensation. The panel can be used as a roof surface which can also be used for work and the storage of equipment. Versions of the panel without some of the strengthening layers may be used for walls and roofs where less structural strength is necessary. <IMAGE>
Description
"Improvements in or relating to building panels" The invention relates to building panels and particularly to panels for use in constructing buildings or other structures which are to be erected or used in conditions where they are susceptible to internal condensation, for example, the living and working quarters for the crew on oil rigs, ships and similar situations.
In a preferred embodiment building panels according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in the construction of flat roofs, particularly where such roofs are required to sustain comparatively high loads, for example through requiring to be used as a further working area. However, the invention is also applicable to building panels for use in constructing the walls of buildings or other structures.
Hitherto, in an effort to reduce the occurrence of condensation on the internal surfaces of roof panels in such environments as oil rigs, it has been the practice to combine with the structural elements of the roof a layer of thermally insulating material. However, in order to have any significant effect, the thermally insulating layer requires to be very thick. Since the thermally insulating material is normally a rigid foamed material which does not have good compressive strength when used in large thicknesses, this can impose a serious limitation on the permissible load concentrations on the roof, if it is required to make use of the roof surface.
The present invention sets out to provide an improved form of building panel which can reduce or prevent condensation with a thinner layer of thermally insulating material than has been the case hitherto and which, also, in a preferred embodiment thereof, can permit much greater load concentrations than has usually been the case previously.
According to the invention there is provided a building panel comprising two or more layers of material bonded together, the layers including a screed of settable material in which are at least partly embedded one or more electrical heating elements, and a layer of thermally insulating rigid cellular foam material. Thus, the use of the electrical heating elements serves to raise the temperature of the building panel, and allows a thinner layer of insulating foam material to be used.
The screed of settable material, with the electrical heating elements embedded therein, may be applied to a rigid structural sheet material, such as sheet steel decking, which thus provides the major part of the structural strength of the panel.
The settable material of the screed may comprise a lightweight epoxy resin material, and the thermally insulated rigid foam may comprise a cellular glass insulation material. The electrical heating elements may include one or more heating cables arranged in a tortuous path, or grid-like structure, across the layer of settable material so as to heat substantially all parts thereof, in use.
The thermally insulating layer may be bonded to the screed of settable material by an adhesive layer, preferably a flexible adhesive, such as a bitumen emulsion.
There may be bonded to the thermally insulating layer, on the face thereof remote from the screed, a loadspreading layer of comparatively rigid material, such as perforated or expanded metal. The presence of the loadspreading layer thus enhances the load-bearing capacity of the insulating layer, particularly where the building panel is to be used as part of a roof deck.
The load-spreading layer may be bonded to the thermally insulating layer by an adhesive, such as a bitumen emulsion, and may be covered by a further screed.
The further screed may also comprise a settable lightweight epoxy resin material.
The invention also provides a method of reducing the tendency of a structural sheet material to cause condensation, comprising applying to the outer surface of a rigid structural sheet material, such as sheet steel decking, an array of electrical heating elements, applying a screed of settable material to the structural sheet material so as to embed the electrical heating elements in the screed, and applying a layer of thermally insulating rigid cellular foam material to the screed.
The method may include the further steps of applying a load-spreading layer of comparatively rigid material to the thermally insulating layer, and of covering the load-spreading layer by a further screed of settable material.
The invention also includes within its scope a building or other structure constructed at least in part from building panels of any of the kinds referred to above.
The following is a more detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic section showing the layers of a building panel in accordance with the invention, and
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic, plan view, partly in section, of a building incorporating such panels.
Referring to Figure 1, there is indicated at 10 the steel decking forming the main structural element of the roof of the building. Applied to the upper surface of the steel decking 10 is an under layer screed 11 comprising settable lightweight epoxy resin, for example Signal
Marine or similar. Embedded in the screed 11 are electrical surface heating cables 12.
To form the layer 11 in which the cables 12 are embedded, the cables are first laid on the steel decking 10, as shown in Figure 2, either in a sinuous zig-zag pattern, as indicated at 13, or in a grid-like arrangement as indicated at 14. To ensure that heat is conducted right to the edges of the roof structure, an additional peripheral heating cable may be provided as indicated at 12a. The screed 11, in liquid form, is then spread over the decking to a depth greater than the thickness of the cables 12 so as to embed the cables and hold them closely in contact with the steel decking 10. The screed 11 may be applied over substantially the whole of the steel decking in one layer or may be applied in separate abutting areas.
A bitumen emulsion adhesive 15 is then spread over the upper surface of the screed 11, after it has set.
The emulsion may be that supplied under the trade reference PC88. There is then applied over the adhesive layer a thermally insulating layer 16. The thermally insulating layer may comprise cellular glass insulation having a density of 135Kg/m3, such as is sold under the trade name FOAMGLAS S3. This material has good compressive strength as well as being thermally insulating. The layer 16 will normally be applied to the adhesive covered screed 11 in separate panels laid in side-by-side abutting relationship, in a staggered pattern, as indicated at 17 in Figure 2.
A further layer 18 of bitumen emulsion is applied to the upper surface of the thermally insulating layer 16 and set into the adhesive layer is a loadspreading layer 19 comprising, for example, expanded metal having a 9mm mesh size.
Finally, a further surface deck screed 20 is applied on top of the expanded metal and may be similar to the screed 11.
In a typical installation, the screeds 11 and 20 may be about lOmm in thickness whereas the thermally insulating panel 16 may be about 40mm in thickness.
Taking into account the thickness of the adhesive layers and the expanded metal layer, the overall thickness of the panel applied to the steel decking may thus be about 66mm.
Each panel 16 of thermally insulating material may have dimensions of 600mm by 450mm.
The electrical heating cable 12 may be of the kind supplied by Raychem or Cooperheat under BS-6351
Part 1.
In use, by applying electrical power to the heating cables 12 the steel decking 10 is maintained at a sufficient temperature to inhibit the formation of condensation on the interior surfaces of the roof of the building. The thermally insulating layer inhibits the escape of heat to the atmosphere and the construction shown in Figure 1 provides a surface of good compressive strength and good load-bearing capacity, so that the upper surface of the roof can be used for work and storage of equipment.
The other details of construction of the building shown in Figure 2 do not form part of the present invention and will not therefore be described in detail.
Claims (16)
1. A building panel comprising two or more layers of material bonded together, the layers including a screed of settable material in which are at least partly embedded one or more electrical heating elements, and a layer of thermally insulating rigid cellular foam material.
2. A building panel according to Claim 1, wherein the screed of settable material, with the electrical heating elements embedded therein, is applied to a rigid structural sheet material, which provides the major part of the structural strength of the panel.
3. A building panel according to Claim 2, wherein the rigid structural sheet material comprises sheet steel decking.
4. A building panel according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the settable material of the screed comprises a lightweight epoxy resin material.
5. A building panel according to any of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the thermally insulated rigid foam comprises a cellular glass insulation material.
6. A building panel according to any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrical heating elements include one or more heating cables arranged in a tortuous path, or grid-like structure, across the layer of settable material so as to eat substantially all parts thereof, in use.
7. A building panel according to any of Claims 1 to 6 wherein the thermally insulating layer is bonded to the screed of settable material by an adhesive layer.
8. A building panel according to Claim 7, wherein the adhesive is a bitumen emulsion.
9. A building panel according-to any of Claims 1 to 8, wherein there is bonded to the thermally insulating layer, on the face thereof remote from the screed, a loadspreading layer of comparatively rigid material.
10. A building panel according to Claim 10, wherein the load-spreading layer comprises perforated or expanded metal.
11. A building panel according to Claim 9 or Claim 10, wherein the load-spreading layer is bonded to the thermally insulating layer by an adhesive, and is covered by a further screed.
12. A building panel according to Claim 11, wherein the further screed comprises a settable lightweight epoxy resin material.
13. A building panel according to Claim 1 and substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
14. A method of reducing the tendency of a structural sheet material to cause condensation, comprising applying to the outer surface of a rigid structural sheet material an array of electrical heating elements, applying a screed of settable material to the structural sheet material so as to embed the electrical heating elements in the screed, and applying a layer of thermally insulating rigid cellular foam material to the screed.
15. A method according to Claim 14, including the further steps of applying a load-spreading layer of comparatively rigid material to the thermally insulating layer, and of covering the load-spreading layer by a further screed of settable material.
16. A building or other structure constructed at least in part from a plurality of building panels according to any of Claims 1 to 13.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8821040A GB2222616A (en) | 1988-09-07 | 1988-09-07 | Heated building panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8821040A GB2222616A (en) | 1988-09-07 | 1988-09-07 | Heated building panel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8821040D0 GB8821040D0 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
| GB2222616A true GB2222616A (en) | 1990-03-14 |
Family
ID=10643234
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8821040A Withdrawn GB2222616A (en) | 1988-09-07 | 1988-09-07 | Heated building panel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2222616A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2660340A1 (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1991-10-04 | Desmarquoy Anc Ets | Panel made from an insulating material designed to be adhesively bonded on to a building or a ship's hull |
| GB2399827A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-09-29 | Freegen Res Ltd | Thermal insulation assembly |
| WO2005104620A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-03 | David Sanchez Duque | Heating plate |
| US7576301B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2009-08-18 | Freegen Research Limited | Building incorporating a thermal insulation assembly and method of conserving energy |
| WO2011098631A1 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-18 | Pamersa Obras, S.L. | Stratified reinforced insulating material made of cellular glass |
| US10119053B2 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2018-11-06 | Total Marketing Services | Use of a bituminous composition as an adhesive binder |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1165701A (en) * | 1965-05-03 | 1969-10-01 | Btr Industries Ltd | Improvements in or relating to Heated Floor Panels |
| GB1419521A (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1975-12-31 | Katzenberger H | Ceiling element |
-
1988
- 1988-09-07 GB GB8821040A patent/GB2222616A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1165701A (en) * | 1965-05-03 | 1969-10-01 | Btr Industries Ltd | Improvements in or relating to Heated Floor Panels |
| GB1419521A (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1975-12-31 | Katzenberger H | Ceiling element |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2660340A1 (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1991-10-04 | Desmarquoy Anc Ets | Panel made from an insulating material designed to be adhesively bonded on to a building or a ship's hull |
| GB2399827A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-09-29 | Freegen Res Ltd | Thermal insulation assembly |
| GB2399827B (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2005-02-16 | Freegen Res Ltd | Building incorporating a thermal insulation assembly and method of conserving energy |
| WO2005104620A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-03 | David Sanchez Duque | Heating plate |
| US7576301B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 | 2009-08-18 | Freegen Research Limited | Building incorporating a thermal insulation assembly and method of conserving energy |
| WO2011098631A1 (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2011-08-18 | Pamersa Obras, S.L. | Stratified reinforced insulating material made of cellular glass |
| US10119053B2 (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2018-11-06 | Total Marketing Services | Use of a bituminous composition as an adhesive binder |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8821040D0 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |