GB2115346A - Elements for construction of roofs - Google Patents
Elements for construction of roofs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2115346A GB2115346A GB08232563A GB8232563A GB2115346A GB 2115346 A GB2115346 A GB 2115346A GB 08232563 A GB08232563 A GB 08232563A GB 8232563 A GB8232563 A GB 8232563A GB 2115346 A GB2115346 A GB 2115346A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- grp
- foam
- layer
- panels
- roof
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
- E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/14—Junctions of roof sheathings to chimneys or other parts extending above the roof
- E04D13/1407—Junctions of roof sheathings to chimneys or other parts extending above the roof for flat roofs
- E04D13/1415—Junctions to walls extending above the perimeter of the roof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/38—Devices for sealing spaces or joints between roof-covering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/08—Closed cell foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
- B32B2419/06—Roofs, roof membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
A preformed composite panel for use in the construction of a roof, comprises a layer of glass reinforced plastic (GRP) 14 which has been laminated on to a layer of insulating material 12. The insulating material may be a closed cell plastics foam, such as polyurethane, or rockwool and/or glass fibre. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to elements for use in the construction of roofs
This invention relates to roofing elements for use in the construction of roofs and to methods of making such elements.
The roofing elements according to the invention are applicable to the construction of new roofs but are particularly applicable to the renewal of worn or damaged roofs. One of the principal objects of the invention is to enable a roof to be renewed without the necessity or removing the existing covering, thus minimising disturbance to anyone living or working below the roof, and at the same time provide thermal insulation to any required standard.
According to the invention, there is provided a preformed composite panel for use in the construction of a roof, comprising a layer of glass reinforced plastic (GRP) which has been laminated on to a layer of insulating material. The insulating material is preferably a closed cell plastic foam, polyurethane (PU) foam being particularly suitable, but other insulating materials, such as rockwool and glass fibre may be used.
According to a further feature of the invention, one method of producing the composite panels comprises placing a layer of foam on a plain flat surface which extends beyond the edges of the foam layer, treating the exposed margins of said surface with wax or a mould release agent, and laminating GRP on to the foam and the treated margins of said surface, thereby forming a composite panel comprising a layer of foam covered on one face with GRP and having edge portions of GRP around said layer.
If greater structural strength is required,
GRP can be laminated on to the flat surface before placing the foam in position so that the foam will have GRP on both faces.
The edges of the foam layer may be bevelled and the size of the layer will be somewhat smaller than the final size of the composite panel which is determined by the width of the edge portions of GRP. Several pieces of foam may be butted together to form the foam layer.
The size and shape of the panels can be varied very easily since the foam can be cut quickly with a knife to any size or shape provided the size, including the edge portions, is not greater than the size of the flat surface.
Similarly, the thickness of the foam can be varied to increase or decrease the thermal insulation.
In forming or renewing a roof, the necessary number of composite panels, formed as above described, are assembled on the roof and secured thereon by fixing means passed through the edge portions of GRP, the joints between adjacent panels, the fixing points and the edge portions being protected by laminating GRP thereonto in situ.
It is an important feature of the invention that the top surface of the GRP forming part of the composite panel has not been in contact with a mould and is thus not contaminated with wax or mould release agent so that
GRP can be laminated in situ on to said top surface to achieve a good bond without any treatment of said top surface being necessary, except possibly the treatment of the edge of the panel with a solvent. If the surface had been in contact with a mould, it would be necessary to remove the wax or mould release agent and to roughen the surface before GRP could be laminated thereonto in situ.
In the case of small roofs, the composite panels may be butt jointed. However, for larger roofs, it is desirable to make provision for thermal expansion and contraction. This can be achieved quite simply by providing clearance holes for the fixing means, laying the panels on the roof with a gap between adjacent panels, covering the joints and the fixing means with foam and laminating GRP over the foam on to the marginal surfaces of the adjacent panels in situ.
A preformed strip of GRP can be used instead of the foam if so desired.
A top coat of resin may be applied to the top surface of the GRP for maximum weather resistance. The resin is applied to the panels in the factory but is not applied to the edge portions of the panel until after the assembly of the panels and the lamination of GRP over the joints.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates the case in which the panels are butt jointed.
Figures 2 and 3 illustrate different methods of allowing for thermal expansion and contraction,
Figure 4 illustrates a method of securing a flexible skirting to an edge panel.
Figure 5 illustrates a method in which the panels are bonded to the existing roof, and
Figure 6 illustrates a constructional detail.
Referring first to Fig. 1, 10 and 11 indicates two composite panels formed as above
described and each comprising a layer of foam 1 2 having bevelled edges 1 3 on to which GRP has been laminated as indicated at
14, edge portions 1 4a of GRP extending
beyond the foam layer 1 2. The panels are
applied to the existing roof to form a butt joint 1 5 and are secured thereto by suitable fixing
means 16. GRP is laminated in situ over the joint and the fixing means as indicated at 17.
If desired, the trough between the panels may
be filled with a strip of foam 18 and GRP
laminated in situ over the foam strip 1 8 and
the adjacent portions of the panels 10 and 11 as indicated at 19.
Referring now to Fig. 2, provision is made for thermal expansion and contraction. The panels are positioned with a gap 20 therebetween and the fixing means 1 6 pass through clearance holes 21 in the edge portions 14a. A strip of foam 22 is placed over the joint and fixing means, and GRP is laminated in situ on to the foam strip 22 and on to the edge portions 1 4a, as indicated at 23.
The shape of the foam strip is such as to make use of the considerable flexibility of
GRP. A preformed strip of GRP made to the shape of the top surface of the foam strip 22 would achieve the same result.
Fig. 3 illustrates another method of allowing for thermal expansion and contraction. As in the case of Fig. 2, a gap 20 is left between the panels and clearance holes 21 are formed in the edge portions 14a. In the case of Fig.
3, however, the trough between the panels is filled with a strip of form 24 having a channel 25 therein and GRP is laminated on to the foam strip 24 and on to the adjacent surfaces of the panels 10 and 11, as indicated at 26.
Again, preformed GRP could be used instead of the foam strip 24.
Fig. 4 illustrates how a flexible skirting may be secured to an edge panel. The edge panel 10 is secured to the roof by fixing means 1 6 passed through a clearance hole 21 in the marginal portion of the panel as above described. A flexible skirting 27 of GRP is secured at its upper end by fixing means 28 to a part of the building and at its lower end to the edge panel by fixing means 29 and
GRP is laminated in situ over the joint as indicated at 30.
Facias, drips and gutters may be secured to the panels in a similar manner.
Fig. 5 illustrates a method by which the panel may be bonded to the existing roof.
The panels 11 are placed on the roof 31 with a gap 32 therebetween. When the joints are laminated in situ with GRP, as indicated at 33, the panels are bonded to the roof 31 in the gap 32. This makes it unnecessary to fix the panels at the joints with nails or screws if the roof is unsuitable for mechanical fixing. It also has the effect of isolating each panel so that, should a leak occur, the migration of water under the panels is confined to the area of one panel.
The ends or sides of the panels can be made with special shapes to suit the roof, such as forming a ridge and covering part of the fascia. One such form of construction is illustrated in Fig. 6 in which the panel 11 is formed with a ridge 34, to conform to the ridge 35 on the roof 31, and with a depending flange 36 enabling the panel to be secured to the fascia 37 by fixing means 38.
The hereinbefore described method of producing the composite panels is not suitable when using insulating materials, such as rock wool and glass fibre, which absorb resin from the GRP. When using such insulating materials therefore, the composite panels are made in moulds with the insulating material being laid on top of the GRP before it has set.
This method allows special surface finishes to be provided by using suitably patterned moulds.
A method of roofing according to the invention has many advantages. For example, GRP is very durable and weather resistant while PU foam is a good thermal insulating material. It is also a closed cell material so that should the GRO be accidentally fractured or punctured, the foam will prevent penetration of water.
A further advantage is that should the roof be damaged, the position of the damage can be found by visual inspection and with the surface provided can be repaired easily and effectively by laminating GRP in situ over the damaged area.
GRP can be made in a great variety of colours and finishes so that the roof can be given an attractive appearance.
Claims (11)
1. A preformed composite panel for use in the construction of a roof, comprising a layer of glass reinforced plastic (GRP) which has been laminated on to a layer of insulating material.
2. A panel according to claim 1, wherein the insulating material is a closed cell plastic foam.
3. A panel according to claim 2, wherein the closed cell plastic foam is polyurethane foam.
4. A panel according to claim 1, wherein the insulating material is rockwool and/or glass fibre.
5. A method of producing a panel according to claim 2 or 3, which comprises placing a layer of foam on a plain flat surface which extends beyond the edges of the foam layer, treating the exposed margins of said surface with wax or a mould release agent, and laminating GRP on to the foam and the treated margins of said surface, thereby forming a composite panel comprising a layer of foam covered on one face with GRP and having edge portions of GRP around said layer.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the edges of the foam layer are bevelled and the size of the layer is somewhat smaller than the final size of the composite panel which is determined by the width of the edge portions of GRP.
7. A method of producing a panel according to claim 4 wherein the rockwool and/or glass fibre is laid on top of GRP in a mould before the GRp has set.
8. A method of forming or renewing a roof, wherein the necessary number of com posite panels, formed as claimed in claim 5, are assembled on the roof and secured thereon by fixing means passed through the edge portions of GRP, the joints between adjacent panels, the fixing points and the edge portions being protected by laminating GRP thereonto in situ.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the panels are butt jointed.
10. A method according to claim 8, wherein, in order to provide for thermal expansion and contraction, which comprises providing clearance holes for the fixing means, laying the panels on the roof with a gap between adjacent panels, covering the joints and the fixing means with foam and laminating GRP over the foam on to the marginal surfaces of the adjacent panels in situ.
11. A preformed composite panel for use in the construction of a roof and a method of making same, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 2. A roof which has been formed or renewed, using preformed composite panels according to claim 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08232563A GB2115346B (en) | 1981-11-14 | 1982-11-15 | Elements for construction of roofs |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8134397 | 1981-11-14 | ||
| GB08232563A GB2115346B (en) | 1981-11-14 | 1982-11-15 | Elements for construction of roofs |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2115346A true GB2115346A (en) | 1983-09-07 |
| GB2115346B GB2115346B (en) | 1985-04-17 |
Family
ID=26281274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08232563A Expired GB2115346B (en) | 1981-11-14 | 1982-11-15 | Elements for construction of roofs |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2115346B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0164952A2 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-18 | Sealheat Flat Roofing Company Limited | Composite panel, manufacture thereof and use thereof in cladding a roof or wall of a building |
| US4760679A (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1988-08-02 | Thompson Peter B | Roofing panel and method |
| GB2211466A (en) * | 1987-10-24 | 1989-07-05 | William Douglas Robertson Dear | Thermal insulation material |
-
1982
- 1982-11-15 GB GB08232563A patent/GB2115346B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0164952A2 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-18 | Sealheat Flat Roofing Company Limited | Composite panel, manufacture thereof and use thereof in cladding a roof or wall of a building |
| EP0164952A3 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1986-09-24 | Sealheat Flat Roofing Company Limited | Composite panel, manufacture thereof and use thereof in cladding a roof or wall of a building |
| US4760679A (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1988-08-02 | Thompson Peter B | Roofing panel and method |
| GB2211466A (en) * | 1987-10-24 | 1989-07-05 | William Douglas Robertson Dear | Thermal insulation material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2115346B (en) | 1985-04-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |