GB2206893A - High corrosion-resistant austenite stainless steels having excellent hot workability and method of producing the same - Google Patents
High corrosion-resistant austenite stainless steels having excellent hot workability and method of producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- GB2206893A GB2206893A GB08725810A GB8725810A GB2206893A GB 2206893 A GB2206893 A GB 2206893A GB 08725810 A GB08725810 A GB 08725810A GB 8725810 A GB8725810 A GB 8725810A GB 2206893 A GB2206893 A GB 2206893A
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- steel
- hot workability
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
1 A HIGH CORROSION-RESISTANT AUSTENITE STAINLESS STEEL HAVING AN EXCLLENT
HOT WORKABILITY AND A METROD OF PRODUCING THE SAME
Background of the Invention Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a high corrosionresistant austenite stainless steel having an excellent hot workability and a method of producing the same, and more particularly to mass-producible austenite stainless steels useful for use in portion of various chemical plants, heat-exchngers of hot water supplyers and ordinary consumer durables, which particularly require resistance to pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion resistance, resistance to stress corrosion cracking and acid resistance, and a method of producing the same.
Related Art Statement
Austenite stainless steels represented by SUS 304, SUS 316 and so on are widely used as a marterial for chemical plants and ordinary consumer durables owing to excellent corrosion resistance, workability and weldability. Recently, the application of such an austenite stainless steel is newly developed and consequently the requirements on this steel material become severer, and it is particularly required to be cheap and have more excellent corrosion resistance.
2206899 As the austenite stainless steel satisfying these requirements, there is cheap and high corrosionresistant austenite stainless steel obtained by extremely reducing the amount of S to improve the resistance to pitting corrosion and considerably enhance the addition effect of Mo and N as disclosed in Japanese Patent laid open No.58-77,555. However, this conventional steel has still a problem on the corrosion resistance according to use conditions. For solving only the poor resistance to stress corrosion cracking, there are high-purity ferrite stainless steel, high nickel stainless steel, Ni-based alloy and so on. However, the ferrite stainless steel is poor in the workability, while the high nickel stainless steel and Ni-based alloy become higher in the cost.
On the other hand, as the other conventional technique for improving the corrosion resistance, there is the addition of Cu element for enhancing the crevice corrosion resistance, resistance to stress corrosion cracking and acid resistance with holding the excellent properties inherent to SUS 304 or 316 as disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent laid open No.5647,551, No.57-158,359, No.52-4,418, No.60-194,016 and No.60204,870. In these conventional techniques, the steel composition containing about 2% of Cu is proposed for improving the corrosion resistance. However, when the amount of Cu exceeds 2%, the hot workability is rapidly i 1 i i i i 3 - degraded, which is said to result from segregation of Cu.
In Japanese Patent laid open No.52-4,418 is proposed a rust-preventive steel containing B for the improvement of hot workability. However, since the amount of Si contained in this steel is as high as 4. 1 12%, the crevice corrosion resistrance is insufficient.
The increase of Mo and Ni amounts as disclosed in Japanese Patent laid open No.58-77,555 is an effective method for improving the corrosion resistance, but in order to ensure the given corrosion resistance, the amount added should be considerably increased, which raises the cost. Therefore, it is desirable to provide mass-producible good hot workability with the improvement of corrosion resistance without increasing the amount of expensive Mo, Ni.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent laid open No.5647,551, a large amount of cheap Cu is added instead of Mo, Ni. In this case, however. Cu is apt to cause segregation during the solidification and is susceptible to the influence of other impurites, so that the hot workability is degraded and the mass production is impossible and the cost is rather undesirably raised. Incase of B containing steel as discIosed in Japanese Patent laid open No.52-4,418, the addition of Ca and REM is inevitable and the amount of Si is high, so that the corrosion resistance is yet insufficient.
i i - 4 Summary of the Invention
It is an object of the invention to provide austenite stainless steels which can solve all problems of the above conventional techniques.
The inventors have made various studies and f ound that the action of B effectiveness for the hot workability becomes more conspicuous when the amount of S is limited to not more than 0.001Owt% (hereinafter abbreviated as %) and the amount of 0 is limited to not more than 0.0060%. Furthermore, it has been found that the aforemenioned problems can be solved by enhancing the addition effect of B through synergistic action accompanied with the adjustment of each of S,O,B amounts.
According to the invention, there is the priovision of an austenite stainless steel, comprising not more than 0.06wt% of C, not more than 3. Owt% of Si, not more than 2.Owt% of' Mn, 16-25wt% of Cr, 6-25wt% of Ni, not more than 3.Owt% of Mo, more than 2wt% but not more than 5wt% of Cu, not more than 0.01Owt% of B.. not more than 0.4wt% of N, not more than 0. 0060wt% of 0, not more than 0.040wt% of P, not more than 0.001wt% of S and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the invention, the austenite stainless steel further contains at least one of not more than 2.5wt% of W and not more than 1.5wt% of V.
In case of such a high Cu steel, the degradation of i i 1 1 i 1 i 1 j 1 1 - the hot workability results from the segregation of Cu during the solidification. Therefore, in the production of the steel according to the invention, the steel having the above chemical composition is subjected to a soaking treatment within a temperature range of 12001300 under a condition satisfying the following equation:
t-exp(-11616/T+273)7.0 wherein t is a soaking time (sec) and T is a soaking temperature (t). Such a treatment can improve the hot workability and provide a cheap austenite stainless steel having an excellent corrosion resistance.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention' will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a graph showing an influence of B and S amounts upon hot workability in steels containing not more than 0.0060% of 0; Fig. 2 is a graph showing an inf luence of B and 0 amounts upon hot workability in steels containing not more than 0.001% of S; and Fig.3 is a graph showing an influence of soaking treatment upon hot workability.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The invention will be described with resspect to the experimental results resulting in the success of the invention. At first, in order to more improve the corrosion resistance of the steel disclosed in Japanese Patent laid open No.58-77,555, the inventors have made experiment by adding an amount of Cu exceeding the amount defined in the above steel to examine the resistance to pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion resistance, resistance to stress corrosion cracking and acid resistance.
On the other hand, the hot workabililty is degraded by the addition of such a large amount of Cu to obstruct the mass production, but according to the invention, a given amount of B is added because the addition of B is noticed to be effective for the improvement of hot workability. However, the effect of B addition largely affects the other impurities, so that it is necessary to provide the alloy composition mutually supplementing therebetween.
That is, the effect of improving the hot workability by the addition of B can considerably be enhanced to an unexpected level by restraining the amounts of S and 0 to very low values. In brief, B precipitates into a grain boundary at high temperature to reinforce the grain boundary, but when the amount of 0 in steel is large, B is f ixed by 0 to reduce the effective amount of B. Further, 'S obstructs the precipitation of into grain boundary when the amount of S is large. Moreover, S is an element mainly causing the brittleness of grain boundary at high temperature.
1 1 1 Therefore, the amount of S is preferable to become smaller in view of the hot workability.
Figs.1 and 2 show the influence of each of B, S, 0, amounts upon the hot workability, from which it is understood that the hot workability is excellent when the amount of S is not more than 0.0010% and the amount of 0 is not more than 0.0060%. In Figs.1 and 2, numeral affixed to mark 0 represents sample steel, No. in the follwing Table 1 Further, Fig.3 shows the influence of presence or absence of soaking upon the reduction, from which it is understood that the segregation of-Cu, resulting in the degradation of workability, in case of high Cucontaining steel is reduced by the soaking to obtain a high drawing value. Therefore, it is apparent that the improvement of the hot workability is surely achieved in the steel according to the invention.
As seen from the above, the austenite stainless steels according to the invention have an excellent corrosion resistance and a good hot workability achieving mass production by mutually supplemented synergistic action among the addition of very small amount of S, small amount of 0 and given amount of B. The reason on the limitation of each element in the steel according to the invention will be described below.
C: When the amount exceeds 0.06%, the corrosion resistance at heat-af f ected weld zone is degraded, sothat the amount should be not more than 0.06%.
Si: It is effective for the resistance to potting corrosion and the resistance to stress corrosion cracking, but when the amount exceeds 3. 0%, the effect becomes smaller, so that the amount should be not more than 3.0%.
Mn: When the amount exceeds 2. 0%, the corrosion resistance is badly affected, so that the amount should be not more than 2.0%.
Cr: It is an indispensable element in view of the corrosion resistance and is required to be not less than 16%. As the amount of Cr increases up to 25%, sufficient corrosion resistance is obtained, so that the upper limit is 25%.
Ni: It is required to be not less than 6% as an austenite f ormer. From a viewpoint of the balance to other addition elements, the maximum amount is 25%.
Mo: It is an element effective for the corrosion resistance. However, when the amount exceeds 3. 0%, u - phase is apt to be precipitated. Further, Mo is an expensive element, so that the cost is undesirably raised by adding a large amount of Mo. Therefore, the amount should be not more than 3.0%..
Cu: Cu is effective for the resistance to stress corrosion cracking in a neutral chloride, the resistance to acid, the crevice corrosion resistance in a chloride i 1 i i j 4 i S - 9 1 and the like and sufficiently substitutes the effect of expensive Mo or Ni. Cu is an important element in the steel according to the invention as an alloying element durable to severer corrosion environment. In order to obtain an expected corrosion resistance, it is necessary to add it in an amount of more than 2%. However, when the amount exceeds 5%, Cu presipitates through segregation in solidification, and the sufficient diffusion is not obtained even by the soaking treatment to provide sufficient hot workability, so that the amount of Cu should be not more than 5%.
B: B is a necessary element for the improvement of hot workability in case of Cu containing steel. However, when the amount exceeds 0.010%, the corrosion resistance is degraded, so that the upper limit is 0.010%. Moreover, the effect of improving the hot workability by the addition of B is first developed by the synergistic action with the reduction of S, 0 amounts as seen from Figs.1 and 2.
N: It is an element effective for the resistance to pitting corrosion and the strength and has a large effect as an austenite former. However, when the amount exceeds 0.4%, blow-holes are produced in the weld zone and the hardness becomes too high, 'resulting in the troubles at the working, so that the amount should be not more than 0.4%.
0: The amount of 0 is favorable to become smaller - 10 in order to enhance the effect of B contributing to thehot workability. As shown in Fig.2, it is necessary to be not more than 0.0060%.
P: When the amount exceeds 0. 040%, the weldability is degraded, so that it should be not more than 0.040%.
S: The smaller amount is preferable in view of the corrosion resistance and hot workability. According to the invention, it is particularly necessary to extremely reduce the amount to not more than 0.001% as shown in Fig.2 from a viewpoint of the hot workability.
W,V: They are selective elements in the invention and effective for the corrosion resistance. The addition oflarge amount brings about-the increase of the cost, so that the upper limits of W and V are 2.5% and 1. 5%, respectively.
As mentioned above, steel according to in the austenite stainless the invention, the corrosion resistance is improved by adding Cu in an amount of more than 2%, while the degradation of hot workability accompanied with the increase of Cu amount is prevented by controlling the amounts of B,S,O. Futhermore, the bad influence of Cu addition upon hot workability is noticed to mainly result from the segregation in the solidification, and consequently the. feature that the cast slab is subjected to a soaking treatment is found as a means for preventing the segregation.
The so-called soaking treatment is to reduce the 1 i 1 1 segregation of Cu in the solidification through heat diffusion. The diffusion rate is related to an activation energy of elements constituting the steel and an absolute temperature. When the activation energy of transition element is Q=23000 cal-mol-1, it is necessary to satisfy the following equation:
t-exp(-11616/T+273) > 7.0 wherein t is a soaking time (sec) and T is a soaking temperature (t). When the soaking temperature is lower than 1200, the long time is required, while when it eceeds 1300, the oxidation becomes conspicuous, so that the soaking temperature is within a range of 1200-1300t.
The following examples are given- in illustration of the invention and are not intended as limitations thereof.
Example 1
A steel having a chemical composition as shown in the following Table 1 was melted in laboratory scale to obtain a steel ingot of 1 Okg, a part of which was subjected to a super-high temperature tensile test at as- cast state to evaluate the hot workability from its reduction area. The remaining ingot was subjected to hot forging and cold rolling to obtain a sheet of (1.StxlOOwx)mm, which was subjected to a heat treatment of 1050txlOminutes and a water cooling to obtain a specimen for test of properties. The specimen was subjected to a finish polishing of #400 Emery.
In Table 1 are shown the chemical composition and test results for properties.
As seen from Table 1, the steels 1-4 according to the invention are excellent in the hot workability, resistance to stress corrosion cracking (boiling 25%, 30% M9C12) and crevice corrosion resistance and have a resistance to pitting corrosion equal to or more than that of SUS 316. On the other hand, the comparative steels 1 and 2 are good in the hot workability, but are considerably poor in the resistance to stress corrosion cracking and crevice corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the comparative steel 3 is good in the resistance to stress corrosion cracking and crevice corrosion resistance, but is somewhat poor in the resistance to pitting corrosion and poor in the hot workability.
1 1 1 jp 1 Table 1
Sample steel No. c Si Mn 1) S Ni Cr mo ell N B 0 W v 1 0.011 0.34 0.40 0. 020 0. (X) 10 10.21 19. 51 0.50 2.96 0.135 0.0017 0. 0040 2 0.022 0.51 0.71 0. 031 0. OW8 10.15 18.52 0.55 3.01 0.121 0.0021 0.0021 1.5 > 3 0.020 0.61 0.52 0. 025 0. OX8 11.08 18.57 0.61 3.13 0.125 0.0027 0. 0042 - 1.0 C-- -4- 4 0.023 0.44 1.21 0. 029 0. OT6 10.11 17.72 2.51 2.32 0.102 0.0018 0.0022 - - 1 0.052 0.72 1.05 0. 033 0. W50 8.52 18.21 0.04 0.02 0.046 - cl % 2 0.045 0.81 1.52 0.031 0.0030 10.43 17.51 2.21 0.05 0.051 3 0.023 0.85 0.55 0.02,3 0.0060 11.31 18.51 0.62 3.08 0.131 Sample llot Resistanse to Crevice Pilling stress corrosion corrosion steel worka- cracking resistance potential Remarks No. bility -- in warm 3 M02 mgcg, water 2 7 % 1 0 0 0 No corrosion 0.465 2 0 0 0 0.550 > 3 0 0 0 0.523 4 0 0 0 0.715 1 0 X X corrosion 0.250 correspond i ng to SUS 304 2 0 A X it 0.462 corresponding CL 0 to SUS 316 3 X 0 0 No corrosion 0.312 1 (Remarks) 1. 1: immersion in boiling water for 200 hours 2: immersion in 200ppm of Clat 80 c for one month 3: 3.5%, NaCI, 30t deaeration in Ar 2. 0: no crack A slight crack X crack occurred -i W 1 t 1 1 14 - Example 2
In order to confirm the effect of the method according to the invention, the as-cast material and the material soaked at 1250t for 4 hours in the austenite stainless steel 1 according to the invention as shown in Table 1 were subjected to a high temperature tensile test to compare the reduction area with each other. The results are shown in Fig.3. As seen from Fig. 3, the reduction area is clearly raised by the soaking treatment, from which it is obvious that the hot workability is surely improved by the adoption of the method according to the invention.
As mentioned above, according- to the invention, sheets and strips of high corrosionresistant austenite stainless steel can cheaply be provided in a high productivity without adding large amounts of expensive Mo and Ni. Particularly, the steels obtained by the method of the invention can stably be used over a long period even under severer corrosive conditions.
1 1 i i 1 i 1 i i 1 1
Claims (3)
1. A high corrosion-resistant austenite stainless steel having an excellent hot workability, comprising not more than 0.06wt% of Carbon, not more than 3.Owt% of Silicon, not more than 2.Owt% of Manganese, 16- 25wt% of Chromium, 6-25wt% of Nickel, not more than 3.Owt% of Molybdenum, more than 2wt% but not more 5wt% of Copper, not more than 0.01Owt% of Boron, not more than 0.4wt% of Nitrogen, not more than 0.0060wt% of Oxygen, not more than 0.040wt% of Phosphorus, not more than 0.001wt% of Sulfur and the balance being Iron and inevitable impurities.
2. The steel according to claim 1, wherein said steel further contains at least one of not more than 2.5wt% of Tungsten and not more than 1.5wt% of Vanadium.
3. A method of producing a high corrosion-resistant austenite stainless steel having an excellent hot /subjecting, workability, which comprises a steel comprising not more than 0.06wt% of Carbon, not more than 3.Owt% of Silicon, not more than 2. Owt% of Manganese, 16-25wt% of Chromium, 6-25wt% of Nickel, not more than 3.Owt% of Molybdenum, more than 2wt% but not more than 5wt% of Copper, not more than 0.01Owt% of Boron, not more than 0.4wt% of Nitrogen, not more than 0.0060wt% of Oxygen, not more than 0.040wt% of Phosphorus, not more than 0.001wt% of Sulfur, and if necessary at least one of not more than 2.5wt% of Tungsten and not more than 1.5wt% of Vanadium 16 - i 1 i and the balance being Iron and inevitable impurities to a soaking treatment at 1200-1300t satisfyingthe 1 following equationt 1 t-exp(-11616/T+273) 2t 7.0 k i 1 1 1 wherein t is a soaking time (sec) and T is a soaking temperature (t).
i 1 i i i j 1 i Published 1988 at The Patent 0:nce, State. House, 66 7, H,,gh Ho'borr- London WC1R 47-r- Furt.' er copies mkv be obtained from The Patent =cc, Sales Branch, St Mary Cray. Orpington. Kent BR5 3RD. Printed ky Muluplex techmques ltd. St Mary Cray. Kent. Con. 1'87-
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17481687A JPH0248614B2 (en) | 1987-07-15 | 1987-07-15 | NETSUKANKAKOSEINISUGURERUKOTAISHOKUSEIOOSUTENAITOSUTENRESUKOTOSONOSEIZOHOHO |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8725810D0 GB8725810D0 (en) | 1987-12-09 |
| GB2206893A true GB2206893A (en) | 1989-01-18 |
Family
ID=15985165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08725810A Withdrawn GB2206893A (en) | 1987-07-15 | 1987-11-04 | High corrosion-resistant austenite stainless steels having excellent hot workability and method of producing the same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0248614B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3737836A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2206893A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0971045A1 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 2000-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited | Austenitic stainless steel excellent in resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion and workability |
| EP1361290A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-12 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel for chemical tank, excellent in sulfuric acid corrosion resistance and pitting corrosion resistance |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61113587A (en) * | 1984-11-06 | 1986-05-31 | Toshiya Ogino | Locking device for container or the like |
| JPS62181493U (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-11-18 | ||
| JPH02298237A (en) * | 1989-05-11 | 1990-12-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Absorptive refrigerator |
| JPH0339450A (en) * | 1989-07-06 | 1991-02-20 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hot water boiler |
| JPH0357182A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1991-03-12 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Sheathed heater unit |
| JPH04113088A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-04-14 | Nkk Corp | Sheath tube for buried conduit |
| JP2774709B2 (en) * | 1991-05-22 | 1998-07-09 | 日本冶金工業 株式会社 | Sulfuric acid dew point corrosion resistant stainless steel with excellent hot workability |
| JPH06158234A (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-06-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Austenitic stainless steel excellent in workability |
| KR100381525B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2003-07-12 | 주식회사 포스코 | Austenitic stainless steel with excellent rolling properties and manufacturing method |
| EP2246454B1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2015-07-15 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Carburization-resistant metal material |
| EP2725112B1 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2018-08-08 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Carburization-resistant metal material and uses of the carburization-resistant metal material |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1038105A (en) * | 1962-03-20 | 1966-08-03 | Lindsay Wire Weaving Co | Wire and wire belts used in paper making machines and methods of making the same |
| GB1097244A (en) * | 1965-02-01 | 1968-01-03 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steel and articles |
| GB1158614A (en) * | 1967-03-16 | 1969-07-16 | Langley Alloys Ltd | Improvement in Stainless Steels |
| GB1419736A (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1975-12-31 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Austenitic stainless steel |
-
1987
- 1987-07-15 JP JP17481687A patent/JPH0248614B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-04 GB GB08725810A patent/GB2206893A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-11-06 DE DE19873737836 patent/DE3737836A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1038105A (en) * | 1962-03-20 | 1966-08-03 | Lindsay Wire Weaving Co | Wire and wire belts used in paper making machines and methods of making the same |
| GB1097244A (en) * | 1965-02-01 | 1968-01-03 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steel and articles |
| GB1158614A (en) * | 1967-03-16 | 1969-07-16 | Langley Alloys Ltd | Improvement in Stainless Steels |
| GB1419736A (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1975-12-31 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Austenitic stainless steel |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0971045A1 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 2000-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited | Austenitic stainless steel excellent in resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion and workability |
| EP0971045A4 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 2000-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Austenitic stainless steel excellent in resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion and workability |
| US6171547B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 2001-01-09 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Austenitic stainless steel having excellent sulfuric acid corrosion resistance and excellent workability |
| EP1361290A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-12 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel for chemical tank, excellent in sulfuric acid corrosion resistance and pitting corrosion resistance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8725810D0 (en) | 1987-12-09 |
| JPH0248614B2 (en) | 1990-10-25 |
| DE3737836A1 (en) | 1989-01-26 |
| JPS6421038A (en) | 1989-01-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |