GB2180877A - Perforated formwork for increasing durability of concrete - Google Patents
Perforated formwork for increasing durability of concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2180877A GB2180877A GB08615931A GB8615931A GB2180877A GB 2180877 A GB2180877 A GB 2180877A GB 08615931 A GB08615931 A GB 08615931A GB 8615931 A GB8615931 A GB 8615931A GB 2180877 A GB2180877 A GB 2180877A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- concrete
- sheet
- sheeting
- holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/36—Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article
- B28B7/368—Absorbent linings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/10—Forming or shuttering elements for general use with additional peculiarities such as surface shaping, insulating or heating, permeability to water or air
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The formwork is provided with a sheeting 1 having many small holes 1a for dehydration formed on its entire surface. Such formwork delays the curing of the concrete C and hence increases its durability. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A concrete durability-upgrading process and the forms used therein
The present invention relates two a process for upgrading the durability of concrete and the forms to be used therein.
Theformwork is hitherto indispensablefor building the concrete construction. The work is such that plywood sheetings are set up in turn according to respective shapes of, e.g. post, beam, wall, floor, etc., and joists ortimbering for retaining the sheeting is disposed outside them, then concrete is placed into the inside ofthe sheetings, and that the concrete placed is cured. The forms assembled for constructing the beam orthe floor portion are provided with supports at the lower section so as to preventthe sheetings from being deformed or the forms from collapsing when subjected to the weight of the concrete placed.
As well known,there isa problem that concrete placed inside the forms is neutralized; this phenomenon incurs corrosion upon the reinforcing bars, thus degrading durability of the concrete construction. An external factor in causing the concrete to be neutralized is carbonic acid gas present in the atmosphere, and one of internal factors is deficient mixture of water and cement. This neutralization would be, so to speak, an unavoidable phenomenon. For this reason, nowadays, concrete is prevailingly upgraded in durability by delaying the neutralization as much as possible.
Customarily known as a means for eliminating or reducing the influence of carbonic acid gas, an external factor, in the atmosphere is the effective method that finish materials such as stone, tile, etc. are given to the surface of concrete. For elimination of the internal factor, moreover, a process wherein the internal water of concrete is absorbed using a vacuum means, thereby decreasing the moisture percentage thereof is proposed.
However, the concrete durability-upgrading process using vacuum requires a large-scale equipment and expensive cost must be spent four employing the equipment, and practically, it was extraordinarily difficultto be applied to the concrete of post, beam, wall, etc. When a unit water quantity is great due to deficient mixture, furthermore, sufficient absorption can not always be accomplished even by the vacuum means, and as a result, surplus water tends to stay on the concrete surface. This phenomenon often causes the concrete surface to become rugged surface as a trace of water or bubble after curing and causes the surface strength to be degraded, accelerating neutralization.
The form customarily used needs supports for purposes of restraining the form from being deformed and of supporting any load that the forms bears; this has resultantly delayed theformwork.
An object of the present invention is to simply dehydrate from within the concrete other surplus waterthan water necessary for setting concrete by chemical reaction with water and to upgrade durability ofthe concrete.
An another object of the present invention is to remove surplus water from within the concrete at low cost.
Afurther object ofthe present invention is not to produce any rugged surface resulting from traces of bubbles left on the concrete surface.
Astill further object of the present invention is to enhance strength ofthe concrete surface, thereby elim- inating cracks.
A still further object ofthe present invention is to be intended not only for rationalization oftheformwork but also for improvements of workability.
The feature of the process in accordance with the present invention isthat a sheeting with many small holes for dehydration formed on its entire surface is provided and that concrete is placed into the inside ofthe sheeting.
The feature of the form in accordance with the present invention lies in being provided with a sheeting having many small holes for dehydration formed on its entire surface.
Anotherfeature of the form in accordance with the present invention lies in being provided with a sheeting having many small holes for dehydration formed on its entire surface and a retaining board positioned outside the sheeting, provided with water passages to let waster pass fro the sheeting and for retaining the sheeting.
These and otherfeatures ofthe present invention will be more apparent from thefollowing description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure lisa partially broken away oblique view illustrating the sheeting being in use; Figure2is an enlargedfrontviewofpartofimportant portion ofthesheeting; Figure3 (A)- (D)is an enlarged frontview showing another embodiment relative to the shape of small holes;
Figure 4 is a front view showing the jointed state of the sheeting;
Figure 5is a view of the model showing the distribution of neutralized depth at a cracked section of concrete;
Figure 6is a graph illustrating a time-elapsed model of neutralized depth by accelerated neutralization of concrete;;
Figure 7is a graph showing a time-elapsed model of neutralization and accelerated neutralization of concrete which has elapsed 3 years after construction;
Figure 8and Figure 9show embodiments of a disposal type or diverted type form respectively, in which Figure8 is an oblique view of partofthe form and Figure 9 is a partially broken away obliqueview; Figure 10thru Figure 12 are respectively enlarged sections showing other embodiments ofsmall holes on the diverted type sheetings;
Figure 13is an oblique view showing the form being in use in an anotherembodiment; Figure 74is an obliqueviewofthesheeting; Figure 15is an oblique view ofthe retaining board;;
Figure 16(A), (B) is an obliqueviewofthetimbering; Figure 17thru Figure20are enlarged front views of important portions of the retaining board asviewed from X direction in Figure 15, in which Figure 17 and Figure 18 arefrontviews respectivelyshowingsquare honeycomb shapes, Figure 19is a front view showing atriangle honeycomb shape and Figure 20 is afront view showing a hexagonal honeycomb shape; Figure2ithru Figure 23are sections taken along Y-Y line of Figure 15, in which Figure 21 is a section showing a rectangular honeycomb section, Figure 22is a section showing a trapezoidal honeycomb section and Figure 23 is a section showing a L-shaped honeycomb section;; Figure 24 is an oblique view showing the whole of the forms assembled to construct a building;
Figure25is an obliqueviewshowing the forms at post and wall portions;
Figure26is an oblique view showing the form at beam portion;
Figure27is an obliqueviewshowing the form atfloor portion; and
Figure 28is a graph showing values as measured relative to accelerated neutralization depth of concrete as against time of C02 action.
In Figure 1, the materials used for the sheeting (sheathing board) 1 are plywood, insulating material, plastics, woven fabrics and other meshed metallic sheet, etc. In Figure 1 and Figure 2, the sheeting 1 has many small holesfordehydration la. ... formed on its entire surface. The shape ofthesmall hole 1 a.... is not limited to a circular type as shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 3 (A) - (C), it may be selected appropriately as a triangle 1 al, a square 1 a2, a trapezoid 1a3 and a rectangle 1 a4. As shown in Figure 3, it is most desirable thatthe maximum long sidet is approximately less than 20 mm.However, the long side can be more than 20 mm ifthe shortside tl of a rectangle 1a4 is narrowed in width.
In orderto improve the absorptive effect of moisture within concrete, the sheeting 1 should preferably be composed ofwater-absorptive material orwater-permeable material. If the sheeting 1 is made offibrous material, the material with resin being applied and immersed thereon will be used so asto provide itwith rigidity. And, if the sheeting is made of a board through which the charging state of concrete placedthereinto can be seen from outside (referred to as a look-through board) like a transparent board, the state of noncharging when concrete is placed can be found out with ease.
As illustrated in Figure 4, moreover, it is desirable that the jointed end between sheetings is formed with a grooved portion 1 bforming small holes la so asto increase the quantity of hole.
Now, according to Figure 1, a description is given regarding the curing state after the sheeting 1 is fixed in place and concrete is placed into the inside thereof.
Of concrete C placed inside the sheeting 1, mortar moisture and paste of concrete C1 flow outthrough small holes 1 .... of the sheeting. Simultaneously, moisture and paste of inside C2 movetoward the sheeting 1.
The paste, etc. of concrete C2 then causes holes to be stopped up nearthe sheeting, because the aggregate in the vicinity of the sheeting serves as a filter, thus forming a minute layer C3 inside the concrete C1 This minute layer C3 delays the neutralizing speed of the concrete placed inside the sheeting. This delay allows concrete to keep alkalinityfora long period oftime,thereby improving durability of a building all the more. In addition, the layer C3 enhances the surface strength of concrete. This minimizes concrete cracking, reduces permeation of storm water and carbonic acid gas, and retards progressing corrosion of the reinforcing bars.
Furthermore, water and air on the surface of concrete come out of the sheeting. Hence, no bubbles or honeycombs can be produced on the surface of concrete.
Here, it will be made obvious in Figure thru Figure 7 that the neutralizing speed of concrete is delayed by the layer C3. These figures show a comparison of the curing state of concrete when the plywood sheeting P of the form customarily used and the sheeting 1 of the form in accordance with the present invention are erected opposed to each other and concrete C is then placed between both sheetings.
Figure 5 shows a model of distribution relative to the neutralized depth of cracked sections after 24 hour's exposure to 100% C02 gas (an elapsing of time, approximately 40 years is supposed). For the present inven tion,the part deepened about 5 mm from the sheeting 1 is constricted as shown on the left of Figure 5 andthe inside thereofforms a minute layer C3. The neutralized depth is narrower at the sheeting of the present invention than atthe customary sheeting.
Next, Figure 6 shows a time-elapsed model relative to the accelerated neutralization depth of concrete, wherein the graph Or representing concrete within the sheeting of the present invention shows that progress of neutralization is slow in the middle. Accordingly, despite the fact that neutralization is quick at its incipient stage,the neutralizing speed becomes slower as the accumulativetime of C02 action becomes longer. Onthe contrary, the graph tD representing concrete within the plywood sheeting customarily employed reveals that the neutralizing speed becomes quicker as the accumulative time of C02 action becomes longer.
In addition, Figure 7 shows a time-elapsed model relative to the neutralization and accelerated neutralization ofthe concrete that has elapsed 3 years after construction, in which the graph (i) represents concrete within the sheeting of the present invention and the graph 0 represents concrete within the plywood sheet ing customarily used. It reveals that the sheeting in accordance with the present invention has a marginal value in the progress of neutralization.
The table shows a comparison of compression strength and specific gravity ofthe constructed concrete using the form in accordance with the present invention and the plywood form customarily used. The compression strength and specific gravity of concrete at the form side of the present invention are better (strength is higher and specific gravity is larger) as compared with those at the plywood form side.
What has been mentioned above is the example ofthe drive type sheeting. Next, an explanation is given for the disposal type form or the form to be diverted to some other purposes in accordance with Figure 8thru
Figure 12.
As illustrated in Figure 8, a retaining board 2 is provided outside sheeting 1, and in the inner surface ofthe retaining board 2 is provided a crosspiece 3for insuring the water passages 2a to let waster pass fro sheeting 1 into the space between the retaining board and sheeting. In this example, the retaining board 2 and sheeting 1 with small holes 1 a for dehydration are joined together through a crosspiece 3, thus constituting a form.
When concrete is placed into the inside of sheeting 1, moisture and paste near the sheeting flows through these small holes 1 a into the water passages 2a.
If grooved portions are provided the direction of the surface outside sheeting 1, the retaining board 2 does not need the crosspiece 3. And, when the sheeting 1 has a hollow portion like a corrugated cardboard, the crosspiece is not required. It is necessary, in this case, that remover is applied to and impregnated with the sheeting 1 in advance so as to facilitate detaching the sheeting.
The example as shown in Figure 9 constitutes a form byjointing the retaining board 21 with large diameter openings 21 a for use as passages or of water and sheeting 1 with small holes a. Accordingly, the moisture and paste of concrete placed insidethesheeting 1 pass through the small holes ofthe sheeting andflowout through the openings 21a ofthe retaining board 21.
Furthermore, a sheeting made of a plurality offibrous sheets (woven fabric) overlapped in a layer maybe disposed inside the retaining board that can be diverted to some other purposes, thereby allowing moisture, etc. nearthe sheeting to flow in a direction ofthe surface within the sheeting through small holes provided on the sheeting.
If the form is diverted, it is of importance that any clogged substance in the small hole ofthesheeting is removed with ease. As a meansforthe purpose, as shown in Figure 10,thesmall hole 1 1a ofthe sheeting is made in a taperform, and desirably, a mortar-shaped anti-adhering film 4 is prepared in the small hole. In stead of this anti-adhering film, remover or setting-retardative agent may be applied to and impregrated with the small hole. As shown in Figure 11, in addition, the cap Sfor removal oftheclogged substance may be fitted into the small hole 12 ofthe sheeting 1 in advance, and the clogged substance may be removed by detaching the cap.
As shown in Figure 12, easy removal of the clogged substance may be accomplished by making the sheeting to be a thin-filmed type in thickness (forexample, 2 - 0.2 mm) and taking the diameter Lofthe small hole 1 3a more than three times as big as the thickness of the sheeting.
Afurther description is given to an embodiment of the diverted type form.
As forthe forms as illustrated in Figure 13thru Figure 16, one is made of double construction whereinthe retaining boards 22 comprising honeycomb cores are lapped outside the sheeting 11 with many small holes 14a for dehydration formed on its entire surface, and another is made oftriple construction wherein the timbering 3 is additionally lapped outside the retaining board 22 when the retaining board is short of rigidity.
The retaining board 22 holdstheshape ofthesheeting 11, enhances permeable effect and uses honeycomb cores so asto become light-weight.
The shape of honeycombs is considered variously as a square whose inclined angles is 90 or having a required angle as shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18for increased rigidity, atriangle as shown in Figure 19,and a hexagon, etc. as shown in Figure 20. And, the cross section prifile ofthe honeycombs is deemed to be of rectangular shape as shown in Figure 21, trapezoidal shape as shown in Figure 22 anda L-shape as shown in
Figure 23.
The timbering 3 is for enhancing the rigidity of the retaining board 2. Various shapes of timbering are selected dependent upon the stress being imposed on the form. As shown in Figure 25, for example, the forms Al, A2 which construct the post or wall section are made in the form of ladder. The form A3 for use at the beam portion as shown in Figure 26 and the form A4 at the floor portion as shown in Figure 27: Such forms as will be subjected to a comparatively higher stress are formed in a shape like a plain truss or a solid truss. In addition,thetimbering 3 employs FRP material (Fiber-reinforcing plastic material) so asto become lightweight. The retaining board 22 and timbering 3may be built up in one solid construction.The form is made of double construction or triple construction, the retaining board uses honeycomb cores, and thetimbering employs FRP material made in atruss shape, thus the form can be made in lightweightwith increased rigidity. This form can reduce its weight less than half the plywood type.
When using the form of a triple construction as embodied above, forms Al, A2, A3, A4 are set up conforming to the shape of post, wall beam, floor, etc. which are constructed as shown in Figure 25 thru Figure 27, and as shown in Figure 24, the form A3 at the beam portion bears the load at the floor portion (load of placed concrete and of the form A4 and load forwork), and the form A1 atthe post portion and the form A2 atthewall
portion bear the load at the beam portion (load of placed concrete, and of the forms A3 and A4, and load for work). Then, concrete is placed into the inside ofsheetings for respective forms and sufficiently cured.
In this form execution, therefore, the forms will neither be deformed nor collapsed when subjected to concrete load, etc. No supports are required for supporting those forms beneath theform A4atthefloor portion and the form A3 atthe beam portion, thus enabling rationalized formwork and enhanced workability.
As illustrated in Figure 13, furthermore, formation of a minute concrete layer 3 delays the neutralizing speed ofthe concrete placed into the forms, similarto the example as shown in Figure 1, and no bubbles or honeycombs will be generated on the surface of concrete.
Figure 28 shows values as measured relative to the accelerated neutralization depth of concrete as against the time of C02 action, in which 0 is the graph representing concrete within the plywood form customarily used and (i) is the graph representing concrete within the form in accordance with the present invention.
As can be seen from the figure, use ofthe form in accordance with the present invention can remarkably delay the neutralization of concrete as compared with use of the customary plywood form.
Hence, concrete maintains alkalinityfora long period oftime, and consequently, while enhancing the compression strength and antiabrasion of concrete is accomplished, the properties of concrete as making specific gravity larger, etc. can be realized.
For reinforced concrete, in addition, the reinforcing bars will become very slow in rusting, thus allowing improved durability ofthe building.
TABLE
Comparison of Compression Strength and Specific Gravity of Concrete at the Form of the Present Invention and at the Plywood Type Form customarily used
Compression Strength Specific Gravity rkglcm2J Attheside Attheside Attheside Attheside
ofform of ofplywood ofform of ofplywood
presentin- type form presentin- type form
vention vention
Upper 265.5 263.5 2.263 2.224
Portion (94.5) (93.8) (101.1) (99.3)
Lower 339.5 298.5 2.302 2.254
Portion (120.8) (106.2) (102.8) (100.7)
Whole 302.5 281.0 2.283 2.239
Portion (107.6) (100) (102.0) (100)
Number in parentheses shows exponent where the total average of plywood type form is 100.
Claims (19)
1. A process for setting concrete whilst increasing the durability thereof, which process comprises allowing the concrete to set whist in contact with one side of a sheet-like material having a pluralityofholes therethrough.
2. Formworkfor use in setting concrete, the formwork comprising a sheet-like material having a plurality of holes thereth rough.
3. Formworkas claimed in claim 2, wherein the maximum dimension ofthe holes is 20 mm.
4. Formwork as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the edges of adjacent sheets of sheet-like materials have
grooves that coact to form holes.
5. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the sheet-like material is a look-through ortrans
parent material.
6. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the sheet-like material is made of absorbent
material.
7. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the sheet-like material is made of permeable
material.
8. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the sheet-like material is made of resin
impregnated woven fabric.
9. Formwork as claimed in any of claims2to S,wherein the sheet-like material is made of a plurality of
laminated fibrous sheets.
10. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 9, wherein the holes through the sheet-like material are tapered.
11. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 10,wherein the holes through the sheet-like material have
caps filted thereonto.
12. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 11, having a retaining member located outsidethesheetlike material,the retaining member being provided with passages for permitting the passage of water.
13. Formwork as claimed in claim 12, wherein the passages comprise a plurality of openings.
14. Formworkas claimed in claim 12,whereinthe retaining member comprises a honeycomb structure.
15. Formwork as claimed in any of claims 1 to 14, further comprising one or morethan onesupporting member outside of the retaining memberforenhancing the rigiditythereof.
16. Formworkas claimed in claim 15, wherein the supporting member is made offibre-reinforced plastics material.
17. A process according to claim 1,wherein the concrete is allowed to setwhilst in contact with formwork as claimed in any of claims 2 to 16.
18. A process according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.
19. Formwork as claimed in claim 2, substantially as herein before described with reference to, and as shown in, any of Figures 1 ,2,3A,3B,3C,3D,4,8,9,1 0,11,12,13,14,15,1 6A,1 6B,17,1 8,19,20,21 ,22,23,24,25,26 and 27 ofthe drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60167521A JPH0647870B2 (en) | 1985-07-31 | 1985-07-31 | Concrete durability improved formwork |
| JP60299532A JPH0647869B2 (en) | 1985-12-28 | 1985-12-28 | Forming method for improving concrete durability and formwork used therefor |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8615931D0 GB8615931D0 (en) | 1986-08-06 |
| GB2180877A true GB2180877A (en) | 1987-04-08 |
| GB2180877B GB2180877B (en) | 1988-12-21 |
Family
ID=26491533
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08615931A Expired GB2180877B (en) | 1985-07-31 | 1986-06-30 | Method of improving the durability of concrete and formworks for use therein |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2180877B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN167457B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989009864A1 (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1989-10-19 | British Cement Association | A formwork panel |
| FR2692303A1 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-17 | Coffratherm Ste Civile Invente | Formwork for making a concrete wall and in particular a heated wall obtained. |
| CH683244A5 (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1994-02-15 | Construmat Ag | Prodn. of improved quality concrete surface - by pouring concrete and additives into mould, adding binding delay agent, and removing from mould |
| FR2696654A1 (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1994-04-15 | Normandie Const Meca | Filtration structure for use in filter press moulding - esp. of liqs., pastes or semi-pastes, gives strong, light, easily made and low thermal inertia wall lining |
| EP0945563A1 (en) * | 1998-03-21 | 1999-09-29 | Hoechst Trevira GmbH & Co. KG | Shuttering for producing concrete items |
| NL2001565C2 (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-11 | Mark Vlaar | Constructing element for use as e.g. scaffold board, in structural member of building, has coupling members arranged on side surfaces, removable insert part arranged in channels and flange provided with recesses |
| WO2015097378A1 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | Constance Corp. Oü | Formwork panel designed to retain a filler matrix |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB673159A (en) * | 1950-07-12 | 1952-06-04 | Rumble International Ltd | Improvements in shuttering for moulding buildings or structures in situ |
| GB705062A (en) * | 1950-11-10 | 1954-03-10 | John Gunnar Amandus Johnson | Method and apparatus for drying and facilitating the setting of concrete |
| GB766557A (en) * | 1954-01-15 | 1957-01-23 | Stanton Ironworks Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to methods and means for casting concrete bodies |
| GB794195A (en) * | 1954-12-30 | 1958-04-30 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements relating to methods and apparatus for forming underground concrete pipes in situ |
| GB1245262A (en) * | 1968-01-19 | 1971-09-08 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of concrete articles |
| GB1291059A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1972-09-27 | Davy & United Eng Co Ltd | Concrete press |
| GB1347482A (en) * | 1971-05-26 | 1974-02-27 | Nat Res Dev | Manufacture of concrete articles |
| GB1434734A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1976-05-05 | Safeticurb Ltd | Manufacture of concrete products |
| GB1545223A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1979-05-02 | Hanford Boot Res Pty Ltd | Moulding apparatus |
| GB1575000A (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1980-09-17 | Lawton P | Method and apparatus for pressing concrete bodies |
| GB2128129A (en) * | 1982-08-20 | 1984-04-26 | John Richard Blake | Production of roofing tiles |
| GB2151533A (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-24 | Natenco Automation & Robotics | Pressing products from water- solid mixtures |
-
1986
- 1986-06-11 IN IN447/MAS/86A patent/IN167457B/en unknown
- 1986-06-30 GB GB08615931A patent/GB2180877B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB673159A (en) * | 1950-07-12 | 1952-06-04 | Rumble International Ltd | Improvements in shuttering for moulding buildings or structures in situ |
| GB705062A (en) * | 1950-11-10 | 1954-03-10 | John Gunnar Amandus Johnson | Method and apparatus for drying and facilitating the setting of concrete |
| GB766557A (en) * | 1954-01-15 | 1957-01-23 | Stanton Ironworks Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to methods and means for casting concrete bodies |
| GB794195A (en) * | 1954-12-30 | 1958-04-30 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements relating to methods and apparatus for forming underground concrete pipes in situ |
| GB1245262A (en) * | 1968-01-19 | 1971-09-08 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of concrete articles |
| GB1291059A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1972-09-27 | Davy & United Eng Co Ltd | Concrete press |
| GB1347482A (en) * | 1971-05-26 | 1974-02-27 | Nat Res Dev | Manufacture of concrete articles |
| GB1434734A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1976-05-05 | Safeticurb Ltd | Manufacture of concrete products |
| GB1545223A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1979-05-02 | Hanford Boot Res Pty Ltd | Moulding apparatus |
| GB1575000A (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1980-09-17 | Lawton P | Method and apparatus for pressing concrete bodies |
| GB2128129A (en) * | 1982-08-20 | 1984-04-26 | John Richard Blake | Production of roofing tiles |
| GB2151533A (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-24 | Natenco Automation & Robotics | Pressing products from water- solid mixtures |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989009864A1 (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1989-10-19 | British Cement Association | A formwork panel |
| CH683244A5 (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1994-02-15 | Construmat Ag | Prodn. of improved quality concrete surface - by pouring concrete and additives into mould, adding binding delay agent, and removing from mould |
| FR2692303A1 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-17 | Coffratherm Ste Civile Invente | Formwork for making a concrete wall and in particular a heated wall obtained. |
| WO1993025776A1 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1993-12-23 | Societe Civile D'inventeurs 'coffratherm' | Formwork for building a concrete wall, and heating wall thus obtained |
| FR2696654A1 (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1994-04-15 | Normandie Const Meca | Filtration structure for use in filter press moulding - esp. of liqs., pastes or semi-pastes, gives strong, light, easily made and low thermal inertia wall lining |
| EP0945563A1 (en) * | 1998-03-21 | 1999-09-29 | Hoechst Trevira GmbH & Co. KG | Shuttering for producing concrete items |
| NL2001565C2 (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-11 | Mark Vlaar | Constructing element for use as e.g. scaffold board, in structural member of building, has coupling members arranged on side surfaces, removable insert part arranged in channels and flange provided with recesses |
| WO2015097378A1 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | Constance Corp. Oü | Formwork panel designed to retain a filler matrix |
| FR3015995A1 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-03 | Philippe Durand | FORMWORK PANEL ADAPTED TO THE RETENTION OF A FILLING MATRIX. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IN167457B (en) | 1990-10-27 |
| GB8615931D0 (en) | 1986-08-06 |
| GB2180877B (en) | 1988-12-21 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940630 |