GB2165262A - Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber - Google Patents

Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2165262A
GB2165262A GB08524342A GB8524342A GB2165262A GB 2165262 A GB2165262 A GB 2165262A GB 08524342 A GB08524342 A GB 08524342A GB 8524342 A GB8524342 A GB 8524342A GB 2165262 A GB2165262 A GB 2165262A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vacuum
alloy
maintaining
jacket
gases
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
GB08524342A
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GB2165262B (en
GB8524342D0 (en
Inventor
Otto Bernauer
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Daimler Benz AG
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Daimler Benz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of GB8524342D0 publication Critical patent/GB8524342D0/en
Publication of GB2165262A publication Critical patent/GB2165262A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2165262B publication Critical patent/GB2165262B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
    • A47J41/02—Vacuum-jacket vessels, e.g. vacuum bottles
    • A47J41/022—Constructional details of the elements forming vacuum space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/006—Processes utilising sub-atmospheric pressure; Apparatus therefor

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The use of an alloy of the formula Ti(V1@a@bFeaAlb)xCryMnz where x=greater than 1 and up to 2, y=0 to 0.2 x+y=at most 2 a=0 to 0.4 b=0 to 0.2 a+b=at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x=at least 1 Z=0 to (2-x-y) as an agent to maintain the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels is described. A vacuum of better than 10 <4> mbar can be maintained by means of the alloy for long periods.

Description

SPECIFICATION Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber The invention relates to a means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber.
Double-walled vessels, in which the interspace between the walls is evacuated, are of the type of vessel having the best thermal insulation capacities. Whereas relatively small vessels are usually made from glass, larger vessels can be made only with walls of steel.
It has been found, however, that the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of insulating vessels of steel deteriorates in the long term, especially also if radiation-reflecting shields are additionally fitted in the vacuum space. This deterioration in the vacuum is to be ascribed to the fact that, on the one hand, gases absorbed in the wall and in the radiation shields are released and, on the other hand, that gases, for example hydrogen, can diffuse through the steel walls. However, the thermal insulation by means of vacuum drops sharply at the moment when the pressure in the vacuum jacket rises above 10 4 mbar. It has therefore also already been disclosed to introduce means for maintaining the vacuum, for example activated carbon, into the vacuum jacket.
It is the object of the invention to provide a further, inexpensive, highly effective means which is capable, when introduced into the vacuum jacket, of absorbing gases appearing there and maintaining a vacuum of better than 10 4 mbar.
According to the invention there is provided an alloy of the formula Ti(v, a ,,,Fe,,AI,,),Cr,Mn, where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = O to 0.2 x+y = at most 2 a = O to 0.4 b = O to 0.2 a+b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x = at least 1 z = O to (2-x-y) for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
The alloy may be used here in the form of powder, preferably in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per I. of the volume of the vacuum space.
After the alloy has been introduced into the vacuum space and vacuum has been applied, the alloy is either activated at 300"C or, before it is introduced into the vacuum space, the alloy is charged with hydrogen at temperatures from 20 to 100 C and then activated automatically in the course of evacuation of the vacuum jacket (pumping out of the gases) at room temperature or at temperatures up to 100"C.
The preparation of the alloy is carried out by fusing the alloy constituents or appropriately selected master alloys under a blanketing gas, a melt of the higher-melting constituents being produced first, into which melt the lower-melting constituents are then introduced, in order to minimise the evaporation rates. To reduce the oxygen content of the alloy, the melt is then deoxidised by the addition of known deoxidising agents (lanthanum, mischmetal and the like).
The solidified melt is then comminuted under a blanketing gas. The material obtained can be comminuted further by repeated absorption and desorption of hydrogen, so that the particle size of the alloy can be reduced to less than 1 m by repeated charging and discharging of the alloy with hydrogen. Desorption is here carried out at temperatures of about 100 to 150 C. For use of the alloy as a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket, however, a particularly finely dispersed powder is not absolutely necessary since the deterioration of the vacuum in the vacuum jacket takes place only very slowly and a high rate of absorption of the gases by the alloy is therefore not necessary. (This applies above all to hydrogen).
The alloy reliably absorbs the gases usually appearing in the vacuum jacket, such as oxygen, hydrogen, water vapour, carbon monoxide and the like, so that a vacuum of better than 10 6 mbar, frequently even 10 7 to 10 8 mbar, can be maintained. Alloys of the compositions TiV1 5Fe04Mn0 , TiV,6FeO4 or TiV16FeO2 CrO1 MnO1 have here proved particularly suitable.
1. An alloy of the formula Tl(VI , "FedAIb) , CrMn, where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = O to 0.2 x+y = at most 2 a = O to 0.4 b = O to 0.2 a+b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x = at least 1 z = O to (2-x-y) for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per I. of vacuum space.
3. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition TiV1 sFeO4MnO,.
4. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition TiV1 6Fe04.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (7)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber The invention relates to a means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber. Double-walled vessels, in which the interspace between the walls is evacuated, are of the type of vessel having the best thermal insulation capacities. Whereas relatively small vessels are usually made from glass, larger vessels can be made only with walls of steel. It has been found, however, that the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of insulating vessels of steel deteriorates in the long term, especially also if radiation-reflecting shields are additionally fitted in the vacuum space. This deterioration in the vacuum is to be ascribed to the fact that, on the one hand, gases absorbed in the wall and in the radiation shields are released and, on the other hand, that gases, for example hydrogen, can diffuse through the steel walls. However, the thermal insulation by means of vacuum drops sharply at the moment when the pressure in the vacuum jacket rises above 10 4 mbar. It has therefore also already been disclosed to introduce means for maintaining the vacuum, for example activated carbon, into the vacuum jacket. It is the object of the invention to provide a further, inexpensive, highly effective means which is capable, when introduced into the vacuum jacket, of absorbing gases appearing there and maintaining a vacuum of better than 10 4 mbar. According to the invention there is provided an alloy of the formula Ti(v, a ,,,Fe,,AI,,),Cr,Mn, where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = O to 0.2 x+y = at most 2 a = O to 0.4 b = O to 0.2 a+b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x = at least 1 z = O to (2-x-y) for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels. The alloy may be used here in the form of powder, preferably in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per I. of the volume of the vacuum space. After the alloy has been introduced into the vacuum space and vacuum has been applied, the alloy is either activated at 300"C or, before it is introduced into the vacuum space, the alloy is charged with hydrogen at temperatures from 20 to 100 C and then activated automatically in the course of evacuation of the vacuum jacket (pumping out of the gases) at room temperature or at temperatures up to 100"C. The preparation of the alloy is carried out by fusing the alloy constituents or appropriately selected master alloys under a blanketing gas, a melt of the higher-melting constituents being produced first, into which melt the lower-melting constituents are then introduced, in order to minimise the evaporation rates. To reduce the oxygen content of the alloy, the melt is then deoxidised by the addition of known deoxidising agents (lanthanum, mischmetal and the like). The solidified melt is then comminuted under a blanketing gas. The material obtained can be comminuted further by repeated absorption and desorption of hydrogen, so that the particle size of the alloy can be reduced to less than 1 m by repeated charging and discharging of the alloy with hydrogen. Desorption is here carried out at temperatures of about 100 to 150 C. For use of the alloy as a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket, however, a particularly finely dispersed powder is not absolutely necessary since the deterioration of the vacuum in the vacuum jacket takes place only very slowly and a high rate of absorption of the gases by the alloy is therefore not necessary. (This applies above all to hydrogen). The alloy reliably absorbs the gases usually appearing in the vacuum jacket, such as oxygen, hydrogen, water vapour, carbon monoxide and the like, so that a vacuum of better than 10 6 mbar, frequently even 10 7 to 10 8 mbar, can be maintained. Alloys of the compositions TiV1 5Fe04Mn0 , TiV,6FeO4 or TiV16FeO2 CrO1 MnO1 have here proved particularly suitable. CLAIMS
1. An alloy of the formula Tl(VI , "FedAIb) , CrMn, where x = greater than 1 and up to 2, y = O to 0.2 x+y = at most 2 a = O to 0.4 b = O to 0.2 a+b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x = at least 1 z = O to (2-x-y) for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per I. of vacuum space.
3. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition TiV1 sFeO4MnO,.
4. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition TiV1 6Fe04.
5. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition TiV16Fe0,2Cr0,1Mn0,1
6. Means for maintaining a vacuum in an evacuated chamber comprising placing an alloy as claimed in claim 1 in said chamber.
7. Means for maintaining a vacuum in an evacuated chamber by the use of an alloy substantially as described herein.
GB8524342A 1984-10-06 1985-10-02 Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber Expired GB2165262B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3436754A DE3436754C1 (en) 1984-10-06 1984-10-06 Means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermal insulating containers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8524342D0 GB8524342D0 (en) 1985-11-06
GB2165262A true GB2165262A (en) 1986-04-09
GB2165262B GB2165262B (en) 1989-05-24

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GB8524342A Expired GB2165262B (en) 1984-10-06 1985-10-02 Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber

Country Status (6)

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JP (1) JPS6190621A (en)
CA (1) CA1253361A (en)
DE (1) DE3436754C1 (en)
FR (1) FR2571385B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2165262B (en)
IT (1) IT1184652B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3775639B2 (en) * 2000-02-22 2006-05-17 株式会社日本製鋼所 Method for producing hydrogen storage alloy

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2117002A (en) * 1982-03-20 1983-10-05 Daimler Benz Ag Hydrogen storage material

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4358316A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-11-09 University Patents, Inc. Alloys for hydrogen storage
US4360445A (en) * 1981-06-16 1982-11-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Oxygen stabilized zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy
DE3425055C1 (en) * 1984-07-07 1985-07-25 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Getter substance

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2117002A (en) * 1982-03-20 1983-10-05 Daimler Benz Ag Hydrogen storage material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3436754C1 (en) 1985-08-14
GB2165262B (en) 1989-05-24
IT1184652B (en) 1987-10-28
GB8524342D0 (en) 1985-11-06
CA1253361A (en) 1989-05-02
FR2571385B1 (en) 1992-12-31
IT8548627A1 (en) 1987-04-03
FR2571385A1 (en) 1986-04-11
IT8548627A0 (en) 1985-10-03
JPS6190621A (en) 1986-05-08
JPH0159006B2 (en) 1989-12-14

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732E Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977)
PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 20051001