GB2152941A - Modifier for paving asphalt - Google Patents
Modifier for paving asphalt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2152941A GB2152941A GB08401592A GB8401592A GB2152941A GB 2152941 A GB2152941 A GB 2152941A GB 08401592 A GB08401592 A GB 08401592A GB 8401592 A GB8401592 A GB 8401592A GB 2152941 A GB2152941 A GB 2152941A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- asphalt
- trinidad
- paving
- powder
- modifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
A modifier for paving asphalt, which comprises granulated Trinidad Epuré having a maximum size not larger than 25 mm and a pulverulent solid having a maximum size not larger than 2.5 mm and being composed mainly of a substance having a high softening point and compatible with paving petroleum asphalt; wherein the volume of the powdery solid is 0.5 to 2.0 times the void volume of the granulated Trinidad Epuré in the accumulated state; a paving asphalt composition containing such a modifier and a road paved with such a composition.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Modifier for paving asphalt
The present invention relates to a modifier for modifying paving asphalt and a paving asphalt composition.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an asphalt modifier which can easily be handled at the step of mixing the modifier into asphalt and can exert a highly improved modifying effect; and also to a paving asphalt composition comprising this modifier.
As one conventional method for preparing a paving asphalt composition having an improved flow resistance, there can be mentioned a method in which 100 parts of paving petroleum asphalt having a low softening point (about 50"C) is mixed with 25 to 100 parts of Trinidad EpurB having a higher softening point (about 90 to about 1 00C), whereby deformation of an asphalt-paved road, which is readily caused at a high temperature, for example, in summer, is prevented. Incidentally, by the term "Trinidad Epuré" used herein is meant a product obtained by purifying Trinidad lake asphalt, a kind of natural asphalt, which comprises 53 to 55 % by weight of hard natural bitumen 36 to 37 % by weight of mineral substances and 9 to 10 % by weight of other substances.
As the method adopted at present for using Trinidad EpurB as a modifier for modifying paving asphalt, there can be mentioned a method in which Trinidad Pure' is liquefied and is then added to asphalt and a method in which Trinidad Pure' is added in the solid state.
When Trinidad Spur6 is used in the liquefied state, Trinidad Spur6 taken out from storage vessel is roughly broken and is heated and melted in a kettle equipped with a stirrer, and the melted Trinidad Epuré is mixed with paving petroleum asphalt after increasing the flowability of the melt by incorporation of an appropriate amount of paving petroleum asphalt, or the melt and paving petroleum asphalt are independently charged into a mixer for preparing an asphalt composition.
However, this method is defective in that a long time and a great deal of labor are necessary for pulverizing, heating and melting Trinidad Pure' and, since mineral substances contained in Trinidad Epurg are precipitated at the melting step, special care should be taken so as to prevent precipitation of these mineral substances at the melting and stirring step. Furthermore, the place where Trinidad Epuré can be used is restricted.
The method using Trinidad Pure' in the solid state is adopted in Germany. According to this method,
Trinidad Pure' stored in the pulverized state is directly charged into a mixer for preparing an asphalt composition or into a mastic-preparing cooker of a lorry equipped with a stirrer. This method is economically advantageous over the method using Trinidad Epuré in the liquefied state because the time is shortened and labor is saved.
Incidentally, pulverized Trinidad Epuré to be used in the solid state readily undergoes re-caking during the storage, and it is necessary to prevent this re-caking. As the conventional pulverized Trinidad Epur6 which has been subjected to the re-caking-preventing treatment, there can be mentioned Trinidad Pulver and
Trinidad Epuré Z. The former product comprises 50 % by weight of finely divided Trinidad Epuré and 50 % by weight of paving stone powder, and the latter product comprises Trinidad EpurB pulverized to a size of 12 to 0 mm and 3 % by weight of diatomaceous earth, which is packed in a plastic bag.
In case of Trinidad Pulver, the bitumen content is as low as about 27 % by weight, and transportation of
Trinidad Pulver as the modifying bitumen is economically disadvantageous because stone powder also has to be transported. Furthemore, re-caking is caused at a high temperature according to the size of granulated
Trinidad Epuré. In case of Trinidad Epuré Z, the bitumen content is satisfactorily high but, since the content of diatomaceous earth is low and the absolute amount of diatomaceous earth is insufficient, if the average temperature is considerably higher than that in Germany re-caking is caused and handling is difficult.
Moreover, prolonged storage is impossible. Therefore, either Trinidad Pulver or Trinidad Epure Z is insufficient as the asphalt modifier.
We have now found that it is possible to avoid the above-mentioned defects of the conventional techniques by the use of a modifier comprising granulated Trinidad Pure' having a predetermined size and a predetermined volume of a specific re-caking-preventing agent, in which re-caking is not caused in granulated Trinidad Pure' even if stored for a long time, handling is very easy when the modifier is incorporated in paving asphalt and a high effect of modifying paving asphalt can be attained.
According to the present invention, there is provided a modifier for paving asphalt, which comprises granulated Trinidad Pure' having a maximum size and not larger than 25 mm and, as a re-caking-preventing agent, a pulverulent solid having a maximum size not larger than 2.5 mm and being composed mainly (i.e.
more than 50%) of a substance having a high softening point (i.e. having a softening point higher than granulated Trinidad Pure') and compatible with paving petroleum asphalt, wherein the volume of the powdery solid is 0.5 to 2.0 times the void volume of the granulated Trinidad Epuré in the accumulated state.
By "accumulated state' we mean the pressurized state such as, for example, the state of the granulated
Trinidad Pure' when it is packed in bags and the bags are piled on each other.
The present invention will now be described in detail.
In the present invention, the maximum size of granulated Trinidad Pure' is controlled to not larger than 25 mm. The reason is that as the size of the granule is increased, the separation phenomenon becomes conspicuous and no homogeneity is ensured in a granule having a maximum size larger than 25 mm, and that the practical operation of charging and mixing in a mixer becomes difficult if the maximum size is larger than 25 mm. In order to shorten the mixing time in the mixer, it is preferred that the maximum size of granulated Trinidad Pure' be reduced to, for example, 12.5 mm or 5 mm so as to increase the melting speed of granulated Trinidad Epuré. Examples of the particle size distribution and properties of granulated Trinidad Pure' are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Size Sieve (mmi Passing Ratio (%) Specific (mm) 25mm 13mm 5mm 2.5mm O.6mm O,3mm 0. l5mm O.074mm Gravityfy1) 25/0 100 58 25 10 3 2 1 0.3 1.41
5/0 100 52 12 8 4 1 1.41 UnitVolumeWeight Void Ratio (%)
(y2) (g/cc) [(vl-2)11] 0.90 36.2
0.75 46.8
The re-caking-preventing agent incorporated into the above-mentioned granulated Trinidad Pure' will now be described.
Re-caking of granulated Trinidad Pure' is caused by mutual pushing and contact of Trinidad Pure' particles. Accordingly, re-caking can be prevented if the re-caking-preventing agent particles are located among the particles of granulated Trinidad Epuré so as to prevent mutual contact of the particles of granulated Trinidad Epuré. Therefore, it is necessary that the particles of the re-caking-preventing agent should fill in the voids defined by the particles of granulated Trinidad Epuré. In the present invention, in view of the foregoing, a re-caking-preventing agent that can be pulverized is used and the maximum size is controlled to not larger than 2.5 mm. As the particle size is smaller, the unit volume weight is ordinarily reduced, and use of a re-caking-preventing agent having a smaller particle size is preferred.However, the operation of finely dividing the re-caking-preventing agent is costly and handling of finer particles becomes difficult.
Further it is requested for the re-caking-preventing agent to have compatibility with paving petroleum asphalt because the re-caking-preventing agent is used as a kind of binder for binding paving petroleum asphalt materials each other.
When granulated Trinidad Epuré is stored, it is ordinarily packed in bags and they are piled. In this case, the re-caking speed is influenced mainly by the temperature and the pressure imposed on the particles in the accumulated state. Namely, the higher is the temperature and the larger is the load, the greater is the re-caking speed.
Accordingly, in the present invention, while the actual conditions for using granulated Trinidad Epuré are taken into account, the temperature is set at 30"C corresponding to the ordinary highest temperature in summer in England, and the pressure is set at a level produced when ten 25-Kg bags are piled (in this case, the pressure applied to the bottom is about 0.1 Kg/cm). In the present invention, it is prescribed that Trinidad Epuré should be stored under these temperature and pressure conditions for at least 3 months.
Is is considered that it is sufficient if the volume of the re-caking-preventing agent corresponds to the void volume of granulated Trinidad Epuré in the accumulated state. However, this volume differs according to the application method for the pavement, the storing method, the storing period, the storing temperature and the transporting method. Accordingly, in the present invention, the volume of the re-caking-preventing agent is controlled to 0.5 to 2.0 times the void volume of granulated Trinidad Epuré in the accumulated state.
In this case, the volume is converted to the weight by multiplying the volume by the unit volume weight of the re-caking-preventing agent.
The results of the experiments conducted on the supposition of the foregoing conditions are shown in
Table 2.
The experimental procedures are as follows.
TABLE 2
Amount ofRe-Caking-PreventingAgent Necessary forAttaining Re-Caking-Preventing Effect Particle Size of
Trinidad Epure Group of Kinds and Weight Ratios of Specific Unit Volume
re-caking- Re-Caking-Preventing Agents Gravity Weight (g/cm)
preventing
agents
asphaltite gilsonite (medium) 1.06 0.69
ditto gilsonite (fine) 1.06 0.56
asphalt
pitch cracked asphalt pitch 1.26 0.86
polymeric
resin ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) 0.95 0.37
ditto ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA) 0.94 0.38
ditto polyolefin 0.97 0.45
powdered Lime stone powder 2.70 1.32
mineral
(adjuvant)
ditto Portland cement 3.15 1.40
ditto fly ash 2.12 0.98
ditto slaked lime 2.33 0.65
ditto kaolin 2.50 0.75
ditto aerosil - 0.06
mixture gilsonite (fine)/cracked asphalt
pitch (1/1) 1.16 0.66
ditto gilsonite (fine)/EEA (2/1) 1.02 0.59
ditto cracked asphalt pitch/EEA(2/1) 1.15 0.57
ditto gilsonite (fine)/lime stone powder (2/1) 1.60 0.67
ditto cracked asphalt pitch/lime stone powder (2/1) 1.75 0.88
ditto EEA/lime stone powder (2/1) 1.53 0.54
ditto gilsonite (fine)/cracked asphalt pitch/
lime stone powder (111/1) 1.67 0.78
ditto gilsonite (fine)/EEA/lime stone powder
(1/1/1) 1.57 0.71
ditto cracked asphalt pitch/EEA/lime stone powder (1/1/1) 1.63 0.68
TABLE 2 (continued)
Amount of Re-Caking-Preventing Agent Necessary for Attaining Re-Caking-Preventing Effect
Particle Size of Trinidad Spurn 25-0 mm (void 5-Gmm(void ratio of 36.2%) ratio of 46.8%)
Volume (%) of Re-Caking- Volume (%) of Re-Caking
Preventing Agent Corres- Preventing Agent Corres
ponding to Void Ratio ponding to Void Ratio of 36.2% 46.8% 30"C 30"C 40 55
30 45
50 60
40 55
40 55
45 60
35 50
40 55
35 50
30 40
35 50
30 40
45 60
40 55
50 65
40 50
50 60
40 50
45 55
40 50
45 60
A sample is packed in a thickness of 7 cm in a cylinder having a diameter of 10 cm, and a pressure of 0.1
Kg/cm2, which corresponds to the weight observed when ten 25-Kg bags are piled on the sample, is applied to the sample. The sample is placed in a thermostat furnace maintained at 300C for 90 days. The sample is carefully taken out from the cylinder and is let fall from a height of 1 m. When the sample breaks into crumbs, it is judged that re-caking is prevented.
From the foregoing experimental results, it has been found that an asphaltite powder having a high softening point, such as a gilsonite powder, an asphalt pitch powder, a powder of a polymeric resin having a high softening point, such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer or a pololefin, a paving lime stone powder and a powder of a mineral substance such as cement, fly ash, slaked lime, kaolin or aerosil are effective as the re-caking-preventing agent in the present invention, and that also mixtures of two or more of the foregoing substances are effective. In the case where a mineral substance alone is used, the effective content of bitumen in the total composition is reduced. Accordingly, it is preferred that such a mineral substance be used as an adjuvanttogetherwith other re-caking-preventing agent.
When asphaltite such as gilsonite is used as the re-caking-preventing agent, since this agent is composed essentially of bitumen, it not only acts as a re-caking-preventing agent but also enhances the effect of modifying paving petroleum asphalt and is utilized at a high efficiency as bitumen throughout the transportation, handling and use of the modifier. Accordingly, in this case, the economical advantage is increased.
The effects of modifying paving asphalt compositions by the modifier of the present invention including gilsonite are shown in Tables 3 and 4. Table 3 shows the results of the experiments made on hot rolled asphalt and Table 4 shows the results of the experiments made on Guss asphalt.
TABLE 5
Results of Experiments Made on Hot Rolled Asphalt
Unit Conventional Present Present
Components Technique Invention Invention crushed stone No. 5 % by weight 20 20 20 crushed stone No. 6 % by weight 20 20 20 course sand % by weight 28 28 28 fine sand % by weight 19 19 19 lime stone powder % by weight 4.7 5.0 5.3 binder % by weight 8.3 8.0 7.7 ingredients of binder 80-100 asphalt % by weight 70 75 80
Trinidad Epuré 25-0 % by weight 30 18 12 gilsonite (fine) % by weight - 5 8 bitumen content in composition % by weight 7.2 7.2 7.2
Test items
Marshall test (60 C) stability Kg 920 990 1070 flow 1/100 cm 35 34 34 wheel tracking test (dynamic stability) (tip embedded sample) (60 C, 64 Kg/cm) turns/mm 700 1150 1430 TABLE 4
Results of Experiments Made on Guss Asphalt
Unit Conventional Present Conventional Present
Components Technique Invention Technique Invention crushed stone No. 6 % by weight 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1 crushed stone No. 7 % by weight 21.3 21.3 21.3 21.3 coarse sand % by weight 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 fine sand % by weight 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.9 lime stone powder % by weight 20.3 20.8 19.6 20.4 binder % by weight 8.4 7.9 9.1 8.3 ingredients of binder 20-40 asphalt % by weight 75 82 - 60-80 asphalt % by weight - - 60 70
Trinidad Epuré % by weight 25 12 40 23 glisonite (fine) % by weight - 6 - 7 bitumen content in composition % by weight 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Test Items penetration of bitumen (25 C) 1/10 mm 21 22 29 32 softening point of bitumen (R & B) C 64 66 58 59 intrusion test (40 C, 30 minutes) mm 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.4 wheel tracking test (dynamic stability) (60 C, 64 Kg/cm) turns/mm 570 1050 450 790 From the foregoing experimental results, when a modifierformed by incorporating gilsonite into Trinidad Pure' is used, the quality of a paving asphalt composition is drastically imprbved over the quality attained when Trinidad Pure' alone is used.
It is expected that a similar effect will be attained when an asphalt pitch composed of bitumen, which has a high softening point, is used as the re-caking-preventing agent.
It is known that a polymeric resin having a high softening point, such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acrylate copolymer or a polyolefin can be used as a modifier for paving petroleum asphalt. If this polymeric resin is used as the re-caking-preventing agent for Trinidad Epuré, the modifying effect is further enhanced.
When an asphaltite powder or polymeric resin powder is used as the re-caking-preventing agent, according to the kind of paving petroleum asphalt or the kind and use of the paving asphalt composition, the amount of the re-caking-preventing agent necessary only for obtaining the intended modifying effect may be smaller than the amount necessary for obtaining the intended re-caking-preventing effect in Table 2. In this case since the insufficient re-caking-preventing agent effect surely occurs, a mineral substance such as mentioned above may be added as the adjuvantfor compensating the insufficient re-caking-preventing effect while reducing the amount of the asphalt powder or polymeric resin powder.However, in this case, it is necessary that the amount of the adjuvant should be up to 45 % by weight based on the total re-caking-preventing agent. If the amount of the adjuvant is controlled within this range, the sum of the entire bitumen content and the modifier is maintained at a level higher than the bitumen content (53 to 55 % by weight) of Trinidad Pure' as the starting material, and no economical disadvantage is brought about.
As is apparent from the foregoing illustration, according to the present invention, re-caking of Trinidad Pure' can be sufficiently prevented in the actual application, and handling of granulated Trinidad Epure can be facilitated and the effect of modifying paving asphalt can be enhanced. Therefore, a very excellent modifier for paving asphalt can be provided according to the present invention.
Furthermore, the present invention provides an improved paving asphalt composition comprising the above-mentioned modifier. Namely, according to the present invention, as shown in Tables 3 and 4, the above-mentioned modifier is used instead of Trinidad Pure' in a known paving asphalt composition such as hot rolled asphalt comprising inorganic paving materials such as about 30 to about 55 % by weight of crushed stone (for example, crushed stone No. 5,6 or 7), about 20 to about 60 % by weight of sand and about 5 to about 30 % by weight of lime stone powder, and about 6 to about 10 % by weight of asphalt type binders and other necessary ingredients, or Guss asphalt having a similar composition. As is shown in Tables 3 and 4, the paving asphalt composition of the present invention is characterised in that the above-mentioned modifier is present in an amount of about 25 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of straight asphalt in the binder of the asphalt composition. As is apparent from the data shown in Tables 3 and 4, this paving asphalt composition of the present invention has an improved quality.
Moreover, the present invention provides a road paved with the above-mentioned paving asphalt composition. This paved road can be provided by carrying out the paving operation by using the paving asphalt composition of the present invention according to the known paving method, and the paved road has excellent properties as described above.
Claims (9)
1. A modifier for paving asphalt, which comprises granulated Trinidad Pure' having a maximum size not largerthan 25 mm and a pulverulent solid having a maximum size not largerthan 2.5 mm and being composed mainly of a substance having a high softening point and compatible with paving petroleum asphalt, wherein the volume of the powdery solid is 0.5 to 2.0 times the void volume of the granulated
Trinidad Pure' in the accumulated state.
2. A modifier according to claim 1, wherein the pulverulent solid is a powder of asphaltite having a high softening point.
3. A modifier according to claim 1, wherein the pulverulent solid is a powder of asphalt pitch having a high softening point.
4. A modifier according to claim 1, wherein the pulverulent solid is a powder of a polymeric resin having a high softening point.
5. A modifier according to claim 1, wherein the pulverulent solid is a powder mixture comprising at least two members selected from a powder of asphaltite having a high softening point, a powder of asphalt pitch having a high softening point and a powder of a polymeric resin having a high softening point.
6. A modifier according to claim 1, wherein the pulverulent solid comprises as a main component a powder of asphaltite having a high softening point, a powder of a polymeric resin having a high softening point or a mixture of two or more of said powders and as an adjuvant a powder of a mineral substance.
7. A modifier for paving asphalt substantially as herein described.
8. A paving asphalt composition comprising an inorganic paving material and an asphalt type binder comprising 100 parts by weight of paving petroleum asphalt and 25 to 100 parts by weight of an asphalt modifier as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7.
9. A paved road which is paved with a paving asphalt composition as claimed in claim 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13791582A JPS5927954A (en) | 1982-08-10 | 1982-08-10 | Modifier for paving asphalt |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8401592D0 GB8401592D0 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
| GB2152941A true GB2152941A (en) | 1985-08-14 |
| GB2152941B GB2152941B (en) | 1987-06-10 |
Family
ID=15209654
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08401592A Expired GB2152941B (en) | 1982-08-10 | 1984-01-20 | Modifier for paving asphalt |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5927954A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3402335C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2152941B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0358858A1 (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-03-21 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Bitumen granules and process for preparing same |
| WO2009043847A3 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-06-11 | Shell Int Research | Joint sealant |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4407822C2 (en) * | 1994-03-09 | 1997-01-23 | Carl Ungewitter Trinidad Lake | Process for the production of pourable and storage-stable granulate from natural asphalt |
| GB2559685B (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2019-06-12 | Bobst Manchester Ltd | Vacuum Coater For Coating A Web |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB447416A (en) * | 1934-11-16 | 1936-05-18 | John Lewis | Improvements in and relating to rubber-containing bituminous compositions |
| GB473184A (en) * | 1936-04-01 | 1937-10-01 | Charles Fletcher Lumb | Improvements in and relating to the preparation of impermeable and/or corrosion resisting coatings |
| GB608394A (en) * | 1942-11-03 | 1948-09-15 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Improvements in or relating to the preparation of asphaltic bitumen compositions |
| GB1077995A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1967-08-02 | Coal Tar Res Ass | Improvements relating to paste for the production of carbon bodies |
| GB1267392A (en) * | 1968-04-04 | 1972-03-15 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Pitch compositions and formed articles thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50155523A (en) * | 1974-06-06 | 1975-12-15 | ||
| JPS5589353A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1980-07-05 | Daiyu Kensetsu Kk | Preparation of additive for asphalt mixture |
-
1982
- 1982-08-10 JP JP13791582A patent/JPS5927954A/en active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-01-20 GB GB08401592A patent/GB2152941B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-24 DE DE19843402335 patent/DE3402335C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB447416A (en) * | 1934-11-16 | 1936-05-18 | John Lewis | Improvements in and relating to rubber-containing bituminous compositions |
| GB473184A (en) * | 1936-04-01 | 1937-10-01 | Charles Fletcher Lumb | Improvements in and relating to the preparation of impermeable and/or corrosion resisting coatings |
| GB608394A (en) * | 1942-11-03 | 1948-09-15 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Improvements in or relating to the preparation of asphaltic bitumen compositions |
| GB1077995A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1967-08-02 | Coal Tar Res Ass | Improvements relating to paste for the production of carbon bodies |
| GB1267392A (en) * | 1968-04-04 | 1972-03-15 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Pitch compositions and formed articles thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KIRK-OTHMER ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (2ND EDN) N VOL 2 P764-765 (ESP P765 L 15-27) * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0358858A1 (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-03-21 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Bitumen granules and process for preparing same |
| WO2009043847A3 (en) * | 2007-10-02 | 2009-06-11 | Shell Int Research | Joint sealant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3402335C2 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
| GB8401592D0 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
| JPS5927954A (en) | 1984-02-14 |
| JPS6126941B2 (en) | 1986-06-23 |
| DE3402335A1 (en) | 1985-07-25 |
| GB2152941B (en) | 1987-06-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20000120 |