GB2147639A - Lining of shaped elements - Google Patents

Abstract

From individual panels (2, 11) of like formation it is possible to produce a shuttering serving at the same time as lining, which is then completed with backfilling concrete to form a quick-setting concrete lining. The panels are hare connected in tension- and compression-resistant manner with one another by hollow dogs (1) which can be introduced into apertures (16) in the panels, so that the necessary sealing is provided in relation to the backfilling concrete to be poured in later. These connections can furthermore also serve or be utilised in an advantageous manner for the fitting in of tie rods, in order thus to produce an effective linked lining. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Lining of Shaped Elements The invention relates to a lining for areas and roadways in underground mining and tunnelling, especially for raw coal bunkers for intermediate bunkering in raw conveying in pit coal mining, orfor rock roadways, which lining consists of individual shaped elements which are arranged at a distance from the rockface and back-filled and can comprise a linked reinforcement drawn over the rear.

Various lining systems are in use for the lining of vertical raw coal bunkers with circular cross-section, which systems however still have disadvantages which consist especially in the fitting and effective connection with the rockface. One of the oldest types of lining is lining with shaped concrete blocks.

An essential disadvantage of these shaped concrete blocks is their great thickness which necessitates a very large excavation cross-section for the bunker space. Especially what are called the "spiral blocks" which form the lining in the region ofthe outer spiral chute are very heavy and bulky and can be transported and fitted only with the aid of special machines. Thus a further disadvantage of these shaped concrete blocks is the high expenditure of labour which occurs especially due to the fact that the work of placing the concrete blocks cannot be mechanised.

Another type of lining is the pouring of "in-situ" or "cast-in-place" concrete. In this method large quantities of high-grade concrete must be poured in a short time, which presumes a very high-capacity mixer plant and larger underground mine areas. The use of ready-mixed concrete is as a rule precluded on account of the difficult and lengthy transport distances underground and subsequently. On account of these problems this lining method is usable underground only in quite few cases.

By reason of these existing difficulties the practice has been adopted in recent times of using thinwalled shell elements of glass-fibre-reinforced concrete. These shell elements are used practically as lost moulds and then backfilled with cast-in-place concrete, a secure bond between the shell and the cast-in-place concrete being produced by reinforcing bars orwires protruding on the back of the shell elements. The low rigidity of the thin walled elements, necessitating stiffening of the cross-section in the pouring of the backfilling concrete, is disadvantageous.

Moreover a lack of tension- and compressionresistant connection of the individual shell elements with one another is disadvantageous, so that underslinging of a closed panel ring after the sectional sinking of the bunker, as usual for example in tubbing, is not possible. Moreover after wear of the high-strength shell element, which is only 1 cm.

thick, the strength of the backfilling concrete is low, so that deep erosions form rapidly due to wear in the bunker wall.

For the lining of roadways lining frames of arch or door-case form are use predominantly, over which strain elements of wood, steel or reinforced concrete are laid on the rock face side. The distance between these strain elements and the rock face is filled with hand-laid blocks or more recently with various kinds of mortar.

Another type of lining, which is used predominantly for pressure-subject rock roadways, is lining with shaped concrete blocks. Similarly to the case of bunker lining, the main disadvantage of this lining is the great block thickness which necessitates a very large lining cross-section for the roadway. Only with adequate block thickness is it ensured that the lining will take up great pressure forces. Damage to the edges of the concrete blocks is avoided by the insertion of yieldable crush elements.

The present invention has faced the problem of producing a lining for bunkers, shafts and underground roadways, the elements of which can be transported and positioned easily, can be connected with one another in tension- and compression-resistant manner, form sealed joints and, in combination with back-mortaring, generate a high supporting force.

In accordance with the invention the problem is solved in that the shaped elements are formed as thick-walled panels which can be connected with one another in tension- and compression-resistant manner.

Such a lining is suitable especially for vertical raw coal bunkers with circular cross-section, because the shaped elements can be made and stocked with size and form in accordance with needs. Since these panels are to be connected with one another in tension- and compression-resistant manner, they form a sufficiently rigid wall or formwork for the backfilling concrete which is to be introduced.

Moreover it is possible due to the tension- and compression-resistant connection to use such thickwalled panels that even when wear has occurred a bunker wall is always present which is of uniform smoothness.

An embodiment of the panels which can be handled well underground, especially under the constricted conditions in raw coal bunkers, is to be seen in that on the respectively abutting sides they have protruding hollow dogs and corresponding apertures. Thus a tension- and compressionresistant connection can be produced by means of these hollow dogs and apertures, and for assembly it is initially sufficient to adapt the hollow dogs and apertures to one another, so that a sealed wall or shell is produced by nothing more than fitting together.

It is expedient to arrange in the apertures metal sleeves having a diameter larger than the diameter of the hollow dogs. Thus the hollow dogs can be introduced easily into the apertures and metal sleeves and thus the favourable connection can be produced between the panels. The assembling of a wall from such panels is thus substantially facilitated.

According to a further development of the invention a complete tension- and compressionresistant connection is ensured by the fact that the metal sleeves have a screw threading which is adapted to the threading of a threaded bolt provided for the connection of the two parts. After the fitting of the hollow dogs into the metal sleeves and thus the positioning of the individual panels then the tension- and compression-resistant connection can be ensured by the introduction and tightening of the threaded bolt.

Snatching of the hollow dogs or metal sleeves out of the panels is effectively and expediently prevented by the fact that the hollow dogs and the metal sleeves are each connected with the linked reinforcement. Since as a rule both consist of steel, the parts can be previously connected with the linked reinforcement, for example by welding, and then surrounded by poured concrete in order thus to obtain a resistant panel.

In order further to facilitate the fitting of the individual panels to be assembled into the lining and in order nonetheless to guarantee a sealed joint on the inner side, the abutting surface of the panel expediently has an inclination, preferably of 85 95 , toward the country rock. Thus the surface of the panels on the rock face side is somewhat smaller than the surface facing the interior of the bunker, so that the individual panels can be fitted into one another favourably and easily, while the wedgeshaped gaps produced or remaining between the abutting surfaces of the panels are then filled out and sealed by the fine-grained material in the pouring-in ofthe backfilling concrete.

In order further to optimalise the sealing of the individual panel rings it is provided according to one development of the invention that the linked reinforcement is formed, as additional reinforcement, with appropriate length according to the distance from the rockface and provided with a fine-mesh wire net, at the lower edge of the panels.

This additional reinforcement is made so long that it always rests securely against the rock, and in the case of a shorter distance it can be readily bent down without any disadvantage being incurred. The fine-meshed wire netting produces an abutment for the backfilling concrete, so that effective filling even of the lowermost lining ring is always ensured.

The individual panels of two adjacent lining rings can expediently be staggered in relation to one another so that no continuous joints result in the vertical direction, as the panels are of rectangular formation and possess three hollow dogs and metal sleeves respectively on each of the longer sides, which dogs and sleeves are arranged equidistantly from one another and at half distance from the end edge. Due to this formation and association of hollow dogs and metal sleeves or apertures, the individual panels and the panels of adjacent lining rings can be placed offset in relation to each other, while regarded as a whole a ring can be produced with the same number of panels.

The lining can be used with advantage for arcuate roadway lining if two panels, as provided in accordance with the invention, comprise on all sides apertures lined with metal sleeves and opened to the adjacent panel, into which apertures hollow dogs, formed as double dogs, with connecting screws, can be introduced and made fast. Panels of such formation can advantageously be backfilled with cast-in-place concrete by sections or all at once.

This results in a very stable lining which moreover is quick-setting and leads to very early securing of the roadway cross-section. The individual panels of the lining are advantageously connected in tension- and compression-resistant manner with one another so that the necessary stable securing very soon results both in the longitudinal and in the circumferential direction of the roadway.

According to a further development of the invention the connecting screws have a shank having a diameter above that of the ordinary tie rods. Naturally the bores in the hollow dogs or metal sleeves provided to receive the connecting screw shank are correspondingly large. This brings the advantage that tie rods can be guided through all such bores, or even only specific selected bores.

Thus the outer skin assembled from the panels and serving as formwork can be directly connected effectively with the country rock, which results in and advantageously secure linked lining. It is here interalia advantageous that the tie rods, that is the anchoring lining, can be inserted even subsequently if for example it proves that the installed lining must be subsequently stabilised. By reason of the secure formwork thus formed the zone to be filled out with cast-in-place concrete between the shuttering and the rockface can be kept relatively small, so that only small quantities of cast-in-place concrete have to be supplied and transported to the respective site.

In order to keep the production expense as low as possible it is provided in accordance with the invention that the hollow dog bores receive the connecting screws have no threading and the metal sleeves are threaded. Thus while it is necessary to transport and stock the connecting screws separately, on the other hand the bores can be punched in the hollow dogs, while only the bores in the metal sleeves need to be threaded. This is necessary because the threading is needed for the screwing in of the connecting screws and thus for the tension- and compression-resistant connecting of the individual panels with one another.

To simplify fitting and to provide the most secure possible seal for the cast-in-place concrete, a foot is fitted on to each panel which stands on the floor.

A smooth surface of the lining serving as shuttering is achieved by the fact that the hollow dog is fitted in height into the metal sleeve. The hollow dog can then readily be closed by suitable aids, after the introduction of the double dog, so that the hollow dogs are not attackable by corrosive atmosphere or chemicals. In order to avoid snatching of the metal sleeve out of the aperture it is advantageous if the outer shell of the metal sleeve is formed in stepped or curved form. Thus even in the fitting of anchors and under corresponding traction forces the secure binding of the metal sleeves into the concrete of the individual panels of the material of the individual panels can be made secure.

The technical progress and the advantages of the invention are to be seen in that, especially, with individual parts, that is shaped elements, which can be handled well it is possible to produce an integrally stable, sealed and thick-walled shuttering for a bunker lining which with the backfilling forms a complete and effective shaft lining or bunker lining.

It is especially advantageous that the individual panels can be inserted in rings and connected in tension- and compression-resistant manner with one another and with the rings already present.

Further essential advantages are to be seen in that a lining for roadways is produced which firstly is used as shuttering but itself possesses a necessary rigidity to take up forces, which is advantageously sealed and can be sealed off completely by simple additional means such as interposed foil, and can be completed by the provision of anchors into an advantageous linked lining. By reason of the necessary inherent stability the cavity remaining between the panel lining and the rockface can be of such small dimensions that firstly the pouring in of cast-in-place concrete is readily possible, but the quantity of cast-in-place concrete is as small as possible. This involves relieving of the transport routes.

Further details and advantages appear from the following description of the drawings, wherein:- Figure 1 shows several connected panels, Figure 2a shows a connection of two panels in plan view, Figure 2b shows a connection of two panels in section, in the region of a screw connection, Figure 3 shows a connection of two panels in longitudinal section, Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section through a bunker lining with front panels, Figure 5 shows a roadway cross-section, Figure 6 shows a view of several panels, Figure 7 shows a section through a connection and Figure 8 shows a view of a connection.

Figure 1 shows several panels connected in tension- and compression-resistant manner with one another. As may be seen from this illustration, the connection is effected by preferably round hollow dogs 1 of metal which are arranged protruding as dogs on two sides 12, 13 of the panels 2, 11. These hollow dogs 1 engage in corresponding metal sleeves 3, of larger diameter however, which are arranged in the opposite sides 14, 15 of each of the adjacent panels. Both connecting elements, that is both the metal sleeve 3 and the hollow dog 1, are connected with the linked reinforcement 8 of the panels 2, 11 and thus capable of securely taking up the whole weight of the panels.

The metal sleeves 3 are accommodated in apertures 16 of the panels 2, 11. As represented in Figure 2, they are effectively screwed to the hollow dogs 1 bystoutthreaded bolts 4, for which purpose the metal sleeves 3 have a coarse screw threading 5 on the rock face side. In order to render possible easier fitting of the lining panels and nevertheless to achieve sealed joints between them, the narrow sides 6 lying in the circumference of the panels 2, 11 do not extend at right angles to the surface of the panels, but form angles of 85--95" with them in the direction towards the rock face, as may be seen clearly from Figure 3. The wedge-shaped gap 7 thereby remaining in assembly between the abutting faces 18, 19 of the panels 2, 11 is filled out bythefine-grained backfilling concrete.

The coarse screw threading 5 arranged in the metal sleeves 3 which can preferably be formed as a knurl-type threading, is at the same time adapted for the screw attachment of the hoses required for the pouring of the fine-grained backfilling concrete and their connection with the already fitted panels 2, 11.

A tight and uniform sealing on each panel ring, especially also for the backfilling concrete, is achieved by the embodiment as explained in Figure 4where, beside the standard linked reinforcement 8, an especially long and stout additional reinforcement 9 is provided protruding on the rock face side on the under side or lower edge 20 of each panel 2, 11. On this additional reinforcement 9 a fine-meshed wire net 10 is arranged, so that a tight abutment is provided for the poured backfilling concrete 21. In the case where the distance between the panels 2, 11 and the rock is less than the length of the additional reinforcement 9, the latter can readily be bent up or down so that this special seal and the abutment can be adapted advantageously to the cross-section of the excavation in all cases.

Figure 5 shows a lining arch 50 and a roadway which is lined and secured with a linked lining of a plurality of panels 2, 11,30 with backfilling concrete 21 and tie rods 29. The roadway is designated by 31, the floor by 32 and the face by 33.

The individual panels 2, 11,30 are arranged standing one upon the other with the narrow sides 6 and connected in tension- and compression resistant manner with one another by means of apertures 16, 17 and hollow dogs 23,24 arranged in distribution over the sides 12,13,14,15. Forthis purpose metal sleeves 18', 19' having bores 40 for the reception of connecting screws 27 are fitted into the apertures 16, 17.

The connecting screws 27 have a shank 28, as explained by Figure 7 and 8, carrying at the lower end a threading which can be screwed into the threading 41 of the bore 40. Thus the hollow dogs 23, 24 formed as double dogs can be connected with the metal sleeves 18', 18', whereby the stable connection of the individual panels with one another results. In place of the connecting screw 27 it is also possible for a tie rod 29 to be introduced and braced with the aid of the nut so that likewise the necessary secure connection of the panels with one another and furthermore their connection with the rockface result.

The lowermost panel 30 in each case has a foot 34 which stand on the floor 32 and permits reliabie introduction of the backfilling concrete 21. As made clear by Figure 5, such a lining provides a secure seal and good supporting of the rock and thus secure protection for the roadway 31.

Figure 6 shows a piurality of panels 2, 11,30 which are arranged with edges level in the circumferential direction and staggered in the longitudinal direction of the roadway. The hollow dogs 23, 24 or double dogs 25, 25', 25" serve for the connection of the individual panels 2, 11,30. The apertures 16, 17, which are all of like formation and provided with metal sleeves 18', 19', are provided on the margins or sides 12, 13,14, 15. The apertures 16,17 or metal sleeves 18', 19' have a circular opening 38 and an extension 37 leading to the outer edge 36. Thus the opening of the apertures 16, 17 to the edge in the panels is given and the introduction of the double dogs 25 in the manner as shown is possible.

Figures 7 and 8 show a connection between two panels with inserted double dogs 25. The double dog is introduced into the two metal sleeves 18', 19' and effectively connected with them by means of the connecting screws 27. This results in the tension- and compression-resistant connection of the two panels 11,30, as illustrated. In order to introduce the connecting screws 27, the metal sleeves 18', 19' have a threading 41, while the bore 39 in the double dog 25 is formed without threading.

The crosspiece 42 between the two hollow dogs is formed as solid material, as shown clearly by Figures 7 and 8. The opening 44 in the hollow dog is here so selected in each case that the connecting screw 27 can be introduced and screwed in securely.

The outer shell 43 of the metal sleeves 18', 19' is expediently formed in stepped or curved form and roughened in order thus to guarantee a secure bonding and fitting of the metal sleeve into the apertures 16,17 and reliably to prevent snatching out of the panels 11,30.

Claims (16)

1. Lining for areas and roadways in underground mining and tunnelling, especially for raw coal bunkers for intermediate bunkering in raw conveying in pit coal mining or for rock roadways, which lining consists of individual shaped elements which are arranged at a distance from the rockface and backfilled, characterised in that the shaped elements are formed as thick-walled panels (2, 11) which can be connected with one another in tension and compression-resistant manner.

2. Lining according to Claim 1, characterised in that the panels (2, 11) comprise protruding hollow dogs (1) and corresponding apertures (16) on the respective abutting sides (12,13,14, 15),forthe tension and compression-resistant connection.

3. Lining according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that in the apertures (16) there are arranged metal sleeves (3) which have a diameter above the diameter of the hollow dogs (1).

4. Lining according to Claim 3, characterised in that the metal sleeves (3) have a screw threading (5) which is adapted to the threading of a threaded bolt (4) provided for the connection of the two parts.

5. Lining according to Claims 1 to 3, characterised inthatthe hollow dogs (1) and the metal sleeves (3) are each connected with the linked reinforcement (8).

6. Lining according to Claim 1, characterised in that the abutting faces (18, 19) of the panels (2, 11) have an inclination, preferably of 85 to 95 degrees, towards the rockface.

7. Lining according to Claim 1, characterised in that the linked reinforcement (8), as additional reinforcement (9) at the lower edge (20) of the panels (2, 11), at a distance from the rock, is made of corresponding length and provided with a finemeshed wire net (10).

8. Lining according to Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the panels (2, 11) are of rectangular formation and comprise on each of the longer sides (13, 14) three hollow dogs (1) or three metal sleeves (3) which are arranged equidistant from one another and at half distance from the end.

9. Lining according to Claim 1, characterised in that the panels (2,11,30) have apertures (16,17) opened to the adjacent panel on all sides (12, 13, 14, 15), into which hollow dogs (23, 24) with connecting screws (27) can be introduced and made fast as double dogs (25).

10. Lining according to Claim 9, characterised in that the connecting screws (27) have a shank (28) having a diameter larger than that of the ordinary tie rods (29).

11. Lining according to Claim 9, characterised in that the hollow dogs (23,24) possess unthreaded bores and the metal sleeves (18,19) possess bores (39) with threading (41), for the reception of the connecting screws (27 > .

12. Lining according to Claim 9, characterised in that a foot (34) is fitted on each panel (30) which stands on the floor (32).

13. Lining according to Claim 9, characterised in that the two hollow dogs (23,24) of the double dog (25) are connected with one another by a crosspiece (42) which consists of solid material.

14. Lining according to Claim 9, characterised in that the hollow dog (23, 24) is fitted in height into the metal sleeve (18, 19).

15. Lining according to Claim 9, characterised in that the outer shell (43) of the metal sleeve (18,19) is made of stepped or curved form.

16. Lining as claimed in Claim 1, substantially as described with reference to any of the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.