GB2138012A - Flexible polyurethane foam for sound insulation purposes, process for the production and use thereof - Google Patents

Flexible polyurethane foam for sound insulation purposes, process for the production and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2138012A
GB2138012A GB08409523A GB8409523A GB2138012A GB 2138012 A GB2138012 A GB 2138012A GB 08409523 A GB08409523 A GB 08409523A GB 8409523 A GB8409523 A GB 8409523A GB 2138012 A GB2138012 A GB 2138012A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
polyurethane foam
sound insulation
foam
flexible polyurethane
flexible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08409523A
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GB2138012B (en
Inventor
Robert Bohm
Rainer Josel
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Henkel Teroson GmbH
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Henkel Teroson GmbH
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Publication of GB2138012A publication Critical patent/GB2138012A/en
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Publication of GB2138012B publication Critical patent/GB2138012B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4829—Polyethers containing at least three hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
    • C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
    • C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
    • C08G2110/0058—≥50 and <150kg/m3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2120/00—Compositions for reaction injection moulding processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2350/00—Acoustic or vibration damping material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

A flexible polyurethane foam for sound insulation purposes has viscoelastic properties in the temperature range of - 20 to + 80 DEG C and a loss factor of at least 0.3, in the case of a density of less than 90 kg/m<3> and a modulus of elasticity of less than 10<6>N/m<2>. The foam is obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyol, in which at least one component has an OH-number of 180 to 400. The foam is particularly suitable for airborne sound absorption and insulation, as well as for structure-borne sound insulation.

Description

SPECIFICATION Flexible polyurethane foam for sound insulation purposes, process for the production and use thereof Polyurethane foams have already been used in many forms for sound insulation purposes. Thus, for a long time now, mats have been used for lining the walls of motor vehicle bodies and which for obtaining a good sound insulation are made from highly filled polyurethane foam having a bulk density of 0.5 to 1.25 keg/1, cf DE-AS 1,923,161 and DE-OS 2,835,329. However, such materials have a relatively high modulus of elasticity or a low loss factor and are consequently too rigid to form the spring of a mass-spring system. In addition, in the car industry, the trend is increasingly towards lighter weight materials for sound insulation systems in order to achieve a weight saving.This demand cannot be met by the high bulk density of the materials containing more than 60% by weight of heavy fillers.
It is also known to use open-cell polyurethane foams for airborne sound absorption purposes.
However, as such foams easily absorb dirt and moistures in the same way as a sponge, it is generally necessary to apply a covering layer to the absorber foam, which clearly impairs the acoustic properties.
Finally, it is known to improve sound insulation by the double-wall effect. For this purpose, a flexible plastic layer (mass) is placed on the wall to be insulated (e.g. the vehicle body) at a distance of approximately 10 to 30mm. The space between the body and the plastic layer is filled with a soft polyurethane foam (spring). Such mass-spring systems advantageously lead to better sound inslulation at higher frequencies, but suffer from the disadvantage of resonance (intrusions) at lower frequencies.
A considerable improvement in the sound insulation could be obtained by e.g. impregnating an open-pore polyurethane foam with a viscoelastic material, it also being possible to vary the nature and/or quantity of the impregnation as a function of the particular acoustic requirements, of German Patent 2,756,622. However, the manufacture of such materials is relatively costly.
The present invention provides a flexible polyurethane foam, which can easily be processed to moulded articles, optionally also as back-foaming, in conjunction with other materials and which leads to both an improvement in the airborne sound absorption and, when used as the spring in the mass-spring systems, leads to an improvement to the airborne sound insulation in the resonant frequency range. In addition, when used with or without a septum, the foam material also leads to an improvement of the structure-borne sound insulation.
According to the invention, it has been found that this can be achieved by producing a flexible polyurethane foam, which has viscoelastic properties in the practically important temperature range of - 20 to + 80"C.
Thus, the invention provides a flexible polyurethane foam for sound insulation purposes, which is largely filler-free and has a density of less than 90 kg/m3 and a modulus of elasticity of less than 106 N/m2, has a loss factor of at least 0.3 and has viscoelastic properties at temperatures of from - 20 to + 80"C.
Although the viscoelastyic foam of the invention will not normally contain any filler small amounts of filler can be tolerated. Thus, the foam according to the invention possesses a very low bulk density and a very low modulus of elasticity, the latter preferably being about 5 X 106 N/m2. The acoustic loss factor is at least 0.3 and is preferably about 0.5. In addition, the material has good thermal stability, the permanent deformation being less than 5%, following 70% deformation at 80 C for 22 hours.
When manufacturing and processing the flexible polyurethane foam according to the invention, a polyisocyanate is reacted with a polyol mixture, in which at least one component has a OH-number of from 180 to 400, then by means of the RIM-process shaped foam articles, optionally in conjunction with other materials, are produced from the viscoelastic polyurethane.
The RIM process (Reaction Injection Moulding) involves rapid injection of metered liquid streams of polyol and an isocyanate into a mold. There may also be other materials e.g. a heavy plastic film or a carpet material present in the mold when the foam is formed. The necessary demoulding times are less than 3 minutes, so that it is economically possible to manufacture large quantities.
Propylene oxide-based polyether triols are particularly suitable as polyols. However as the polyol component with a OH-number of from 180 to 400, it is also possible to use linear and branched polyester and polyols, linear and branched products of ring-opening polymerizations of tetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycols. Preferably, the OH-number of the polyol does not exceed 350, i.e. is between 180 and 350. The proportion of the polyol component with a OHnumber of 180 to 400 and preferably 1 80 to 350 in the polyol mixture (first component) is at least 15, but preferably 25 to 50% by weight.
The polyisocyanates can be formed by both aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates. Preference is mainly given to crude dimethyl methane diisocyanate, isomers of tolylene diisocyanates, optionally mixtures of the two, together with DMI-prepolymers having a low molecular weight (NCO-content between 20 and 28% by weight).
The manufacture of the flexible polyurethane foam according to the invention with the aforementioned properties follows standard prior art methods for cold moulding foams (cf e.g.
George Woods "Flexible Polyurethane Foams", Chemistry and Technology, 1982, particularly pp.47 to 71 and 158 to 180). For this purpose, the polyol mixture, including the standard additives such as blowing agent, cell stabilizers, catalysts, pigments, etc (first component) is reacted with the polyisocyanate (second component). It must be ensured that the NCOcharacteristic or index does not exceed the value 105.
As a result of the aforementioned properties, the flexible polyurethane foams are particularly suitable for use in sound insulation. The material according to the invention can be advantageously used for airborne sound absorption, because it has a sufficiently open-cell nature. Cell opening takes place at the time of production, so that there is no need to rework the foam.
When using the foam according to the invention, the airborne sound insulation with the aid of mats-spring systems is also clearly improved in the low frequency range (resonant frequencies).
As a result of its viscoelastic properties, when the material is applied to structure-borne soundemitting oscillating sheets, the material contributes to the damping thereof, when used with or without a septum.
The improvements resulting from the invention are made particularly clear on the attached graphs, which show measuring curves for conventional foams compared with those according to the invention (composition as in example 2).
Graph 1 shows a comparison between a conventional foam (Terosorb 4750 K) and the viscoelastic foam according to the invention, with respect to the degree of sound absorption, a definite improvement being obtained in the frequency range 100 to 2000 Hz, which is important for cars.
Graph 2 compares the curves for two mass-spring systems, the springs being formed in one case by a conventional highly elastic foam and the other by a viscoelastic foam according to the invention (composition as in example 1). it is clear that the foam material according to the invention largely prevents any intrusion in the range of approximately 300 to 700 Hz, such as also occurs in the prior art system.
The curves of graphs 1 and 2 were obtained on materials having the following characteristics: Graph I Conventional Viscoelastic Foam Coating thickness 50mm 50mm Density 45 kg/m3 45 kg/m3 Modulus of elasticity 106N/m2 3.105N/m2 Loss factor 0.08 0.32 Surface thin skin Closed skin 30 g/m2 Graph 2 Conventional Viscoelastic Foam Coating thickness 20 mm 20mm Density 45 kg/m3 45 kg/m2 Modulus of elasticity 106N/m2 3.105N/m2 Loss factor 0.08 0.32 Measurements took place according to DIN 52215-63 and Apamat (graph 2).
The following examples serve to further illustrate the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 Production of a flexible polyurethane foam moulded article.
The following components were used for the polyurethane: Triol based on propylene oxide/ethylene oxide, molecular weight 6500 46.1 Triol based on propylene oxide/ethylene oxide, molecular weight 4000 15.0 Triol based on propylene oxide, molecular weight 700 26.5 Water 2.0 Cell stabilizer (polyether polysiloxanes) 1.0 Catalyst (amine catalysts) 1.5 Trichlorofluoromethane 7.2 Pigment 0.7 Crude-MDI (31% NCO) Index 100 The components were supplied to the mixing head of an RIM installation and foamed in a mould to give an open-cell moulded article. Mould removal took place after 3 minutes. The moulded article obtained was particularly suitable for the lining of motor vehicle floor mats.
Example 2 Production of a floor mat for motor vehicles with back-foaming as a flexible polyurethane foam.
The mat, which was specially finished to obtain an adequate foam density, was placed in the foaming mould, optionally together with sound insulating foils. Following application of a conventional mould parting agent and with the mould cover closed, as in example 1 the reactive mixture was poured into the mould in a just adequate quantity and mould removal was possible 2.5 to 3 minutes later.
The following slightly modified composition compared with example 1 was used for the foam.
Triol based on propylene/ethylene oxide, molecular weight 6500 41.1.
Triol based on propylene oxide/ethylene oxide, molecular weight 4000. 16.0 Triol based on propylene oxide, molecular weight 700 30.5 Water 2.0 Cell stabilizer (polyether polysiloxane) 1.0 Catalyst (amine catalysts) 1.5 Trichlorofluoromethane 7.2 Pigment 0.7 MDI-prepolymer (25% NCO) Index 100

Claims (11)

1. A flexible polyurethane largely filler free, foam having a density of less than 90 kg/m3, a modulus of elasticity of less than 108N/m2 and a loss factor of at least 0.3, and possessing viscoelastic properties at temperatures of from - 20 to + 80C.
2. A polyurethane foam according to claim 1 wherein the modulus of elasticity is about 5 X 105 N/m2.
3. A polyurethane foam according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the loss factor is about 0.5.
4. A polyurethane foam substantially as hereinbefore described in Example 1 or 2.
5. Process for producing and processing the flexible polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 4 which comprises reacting a polyisocyanate with a polycol, in which at least one component has an OH-number of 180 to 400 said component being at least 1 5% by weight of the polyol and producing from the viscoelastic polyurethane by means of the RlM-process flexible foam moulded articles, optionally in conjunction with other materials.
6. Process according to claim 5 wherein demoulding times are less than 3 minutes.
7. Process according to claim 5 or 6 substantially as hereinbefore described in Example 1 or 2.
8. Use of a flexible polyurethane foam according to any of claims 1 to 4 for sound insulation purposes.
9. Use of a polyurethane foam according to any of claims 1 to 4 for airborne sound absorption and insulation.
10. Use of a polyurethane foam according to any of claims 1 to 4 for structure-borne sound insulation.
11. Use according to claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the flexible polyurethane foam is used as dashboard or floor mat under foaming in motor vehicles.
GB08409523A 1983-04-12 1984-04-12 Flexible polyurethane foam for sound insulation purposes, process for the production and use thereof Expired GB2138012B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3313624A DE3313624C2 (en) 1983-04-12 1983-04-12 Flexible polyurethane foam and its use

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GB2138012A true GB2138012A (en) 1984-10-17
GB2138012B GB2138012B (en) 1986-08-20

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DE (1) DE3313624C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2545493B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2138012B (en)
IT (1) IT1176005B (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529639A (en) * 1984-06-27 1985-07-16 Collins & Aikman Corporation Molded foam-backed carpet assembly and method of producing same
US4579764A (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-04-01 Collins & Aikman Corporation Molded carpet assembly with sound deadening foam backing
WO1994024185A1 (en) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-27 Cabot Safety Corporation Acoustical earmuff
US5538779A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-07-23 The Dow Chemical Company Polyurethane foam for packaging applications
EP1022297A1 (en) * 1999-01-25 2000-07-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Sound-proofing polyurethane
CN1105734C (en) * 1998-02-06 2003-04-16 三井武田化学株式会社 Low resilience urethane foam
WO2005028190A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-03-31 The Boeing Company Reaction injection molded members and method of forming
WO2005069273A1 (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-07-28 Dow Global Technologies, Inc. Automotive dash insulators containing viscoelastic foams
EP2050865A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-22 Bayer MaterialScience AG Ground cover with visco-elastic damping characteristics
US20110143083A1 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-16 MindsInSync, Inc. Cushioned absorbent mat
CN101413217B (en) * 2007-10-15 2013-07-24 拜耳材料科技股份有限公司 Ground cover with visco-elastic damping characteristics
US9873963B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2018-01-23 Mindsinsync Inc. Spacer mesh mat base
US20210001787A1 (en) * 2018-02-15 2021-01-07 Adler Pelzer Holding Gmbh Motor vehicle floor covering

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3626350A1 (en) * 1986-08-04 1988-02-11 Dynamit Nobel Ag Interior lining for a motor vehicle and process for the production thereof
DE3710731A1 (en) * 1987-03-31 1989-04-27 Stankiewicz Alois Dr Gmbh POLYURETHANE FOAMING FUEL WITH SOUND INSULATING AND ENDOWING PROPERTIES
DE3932121A1 (en) * 1989-09-27 1991-04-04 Porsche Ag Soft foam filling of vehicle bodywork to reduce noise - in which two=part polyurethane foam with filler is injected into cavities adjacent noisy elements
DE4211708C2 (en) * 1992-04-08 1997-02-13 Schaeffler Teppichboden Gmbh Lining molding and process for its manufacture
DE4214757A1 (en) * 1992-05-09 1993-11-11 Helmut Pelzer Damping mat
FR2897829B1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2009-04-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa STRUCTURE OF MOTOR VEHICLE ANTI-VIBRATION.
DE102008046667A1 (en) 2008-09-10 2009-06-18 Bayer Materialscience Ag Ground cover for use as e.g. carpet in private living space for heat insulation, has layer containing viscoelastic polymer foam that exhibits hysteresis between twenty and seventy percentage during provision of compression hardness
DE102019209617A1 (en) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Flat paneling element for a motor vehicle

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1340329A (en) * 1970-02-24 1973-12-12 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Cushion foams

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US3451917A (en) * 1966-01-10 1969-06-24 Bendix Corp Radio frequency sputtering apparatus
FR2086977A5 (en) * 1970-04-15 1971-12-31 Naphtachimie Sa
US4239857A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-12-16 Union Carbide Corporation Process for producing solid or microcellular polyurethane elastomers having improved green strength

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1340329A (en) * 1970-02-24 1973-12-12 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Cushion foams

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529639A (en) * 1984-06-27 1985-07-16 Collins & Aikman Corporation Molded foam-backed carpet assembly and method of producing same
US4579764A (en) * 1984-06-27 1986-04-01 Collins & Aikman Corporation Molded carpet assembly with sound deadening foam backing
EP0210102A2 (en) 1985-07-15 1987-01-28 COLLINS &amp; AIKMAN CORPORATION Molded carpet assembly with sound deadening foam backing
EP0210102A3 (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-04-15 Collins & Aikman Corporation Molded carpet assembly with sound deadening foam backing
WO1994024185A1 (en) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-27 Cabot Safety Corporation Acoustical earmuff
US5538779A (en) * 1994-08-05 1996-07-23 The Dow Chemical Company Polyurethane foam for packaging applications
CN1105734C (en) * 1998-02-06 2003-04-16 三井武田化学株式会社 Low resilience urethane foam
EP1022297A1 (en) * 1999-01-25 2000-07-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Sound-proofing polyurethane
WO2005028190A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-03-31 The Boeing Company Reaction injection molded members and method of forming
WO2005069273A1 (en) * 2004-01-12 2005-07-28 Dow Global Technologies, Inc. Automotive dash insulators containing viscoelastic foams
JP2007519556A (en) * 2004-01-12 2007-07-19 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド Automotive dash insulator containing viscoelastic foam
EP2050865A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-22 Bayer MaterialScience AG Ground cover with visco-elastic damping characteristics
CN101413217B (en) * 2007-10-15 2013-07-24 拜耳材料科技股份有限公司 Ground cover with visco-elastic damping characteristics
US20110143083A1 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-16 MindsInSync, Inc. Cushioned absorbent mat
US9873963B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2018-01-23 Mindsinsync Inc. Spacer mesh mat base
US20210001787A1 (en) * 2018-02-15 2021-01-07 Adler Pelzer Holding Gmbh Motor vehicle floor covering

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2545493B1 (en) 1988-11-25
GB2138012B (en) 1986-08-20
DE3313624C2 (en) 1986-04-03
FR2545493A1 (en) 1984-11-09
DE3313624A1 (en) 1984-10-18
IT8420480A0 (en) 1984-04-10
IT1176005B (en) 1987-08-12

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940412