GB2135442A - Air supply duct - Google Patents
Air supply duct Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2135442A GB2135442A GB08329015A GB8329015A GB2135442A GB 2135442 A GB2135442 A GB 2135442A GB 08329015 A GB08329015 A GB 08329015A GB 8329015 A GB8329015 A GB 8329015A GB 2135442 A GB2135442 A GB 2135442A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- air
- duct
- assembly
- filter means
- air supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000035742 Air-borne transmission Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000308582 Gonostoma elongatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005557 airborne transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003975 animal breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005541 medical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
- A01K31/18—Chicken coops or houses for baby chicks; Brooders including auxiliary features, e.g. feeding, watering, demanuring, heating, ventilation
- A01K31/20—Heating arrangements ; Ventilation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
- F24F8/108—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering using dry filter elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
- F24F3/167—Clean rooms, i.e. enclosed spaces in which a uniform flow of filtered air is distributed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
- F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
- F24F7/065—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit fan combined with single duct; mounting arrangements of a fan in a duct
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
- F24F8/10—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying by separation, e.g. by filtering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
- F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
- F24F2013/0608—Perforated ducts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
In order to provide bacteriologically clean air to a room or building, such as an animal house, without peripheral entrainment of contaminated ambient air, an air supply assembly comprises filter means 12 to filter fresh and/or recirculated air A, B, an air permeable air duct 11, preferably made from woven or knitted textile or plastics material, supported some distance from other objects, e.g. by means of rings 17 and brackets 18, and impeller means 14 operative to force air through the filter means 12 and along the duct 11 at such a velocity that clean air C, D issues radially from the duct 11. The duct includes panels of differing permeability, and heat exchange means (13) is provided to heat the air supplied to the duct. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Air supply duct
This invention concerns an air supply assembly.
In buildings where a number of animals are housed, e.g. poultry rearing buildings, there is often a serious problem in that the animals are susceptible to respiratory diseases and due to airborne transmission of such diseases once one animal is infected, a large number of others are rapidly cross-infected by way of the surrounding atmosphere. Agriculturists and others who own and keep animals in this manner are, of course, concerned to minimise this problem partly because they do not want the animals to be distressed and at risk of dying by contracting a respiratory disease and partly because sick or dead animals are unprofitable in purely economic terms.
The solution to this problem depends on correct control of air flow patterns through the buildings in question and the introduction of bacteriologically clean air without peripheral entrainment. It is an object of the present invention to provide an air supply assembly whereby clean air may be supplied to a room or building without peripheral entrainment of contaminated ambient air.
To this end the present invention provides an air supply assembly comprising filter means which serves to filter fresh air and/or recirculating air so as to render this air bacteriologically clean and substantially free from other contaminants, an air permeable air duct suspended or supported some distance away from other objects, and impeller means operative to force air through the filter means and along the duct at such a velocity that clean air issues radially from the duct.
Preferably, the duct is made from woven or knitted textile or plastics material in the form of a tube of circular cross-section.
The duct may conveniently be supported by rings or loops of metal or plastics which may, in turn, be connected to an adjacent surface by means of one or more brackets.
In cases where different rates of air flow are required at different regions around the perimeter of the duct or along its length, the duct may include panels or regions of different permeability, e.g. open and close weave panels.
The duct may taper as it extends away from the impeller means and/or the filter means.
Advantageously heat exchange means may be provided so as to heat the air supplied to the duct in cold weather. Also, when both fresh and recirculated air are drawn through the impeller means, the proportions of each may be automatically controlled.
The proposed air supply assembly will undoubtedly be extremeley effective in obviating the above-discussed problem of airborne disease transmission between animals, and indeed between people. Moreover, it is relatively inexpensive to install in relevant buildings such as animal breeding, rearing and living quarters.
The principle underlying the present invention is that air exerts two types of pressure, namely velocity pressure and static pressure. In the proposed air supply assembly, these pressures are released progressively along the length of the duct radially through the permeable material forming the duct, and also, to a lesser extent by movement through the body of the duct. In all cases the initial velocity of the clean air should be such that the.
oufflow of this air from the tube is sufficient to prevent any entrainment of ambient air (which is generally bacteriologically contaminated).
Accordingly, the overall pattern of air flow is from the proposed inlet duct towards various air outlets such as doors, windows and other ducts which take in air for recirculation and thus aid energy/fuel conservation and reduce heating costs for the particular building. With such continuous movement of air outward from the proposed duct, entrainment of contaminated air, i.e. formation of pockets of still air, is obviated and the likelihood cross-infection of animals by airborne diseases is thus minimised.
The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which the single Figure is a simplified cross-section of a portion of the air supply assembly of the invention suspended from a beam or ceiling.
As illustrated, the air supply assembly of the invention comprises a housing 10, into which fresh air, indicated by arrows A, and recirculated air, indicated by arrows B, are fed in predetermined proportions and at a predetermined rate, and, extending therefrom, a duct 11 in the form of an air permeable tube of circular crosssection made from knitted or woven textile or plastics material. As shown, the air streams A and
B respectively are fed into the housing 10 for mixing by way of filter means in the form of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters 12. Inside the housing 10 there is a heat exchanger 1 3 which should be used in cold weather to heat the mixture of filtered fresh and recirculated air to an appropriate temperature. At the junction of the housing 10 and the duct 11 impeller means in the form of a fan 14 is provided.When operative this fan 1 4 serves to draw air into the housing 10 and discharge it into the duct 1 The duct 11 includes a panel 15, which in the Figure is a lower panel, which is more permeable than the remainder of said duct 1 This panel 1 5 is formed of more open-weave or open-knit material than the rest of the duct.
In use, the duct 11 may, as illustrated, be suspended from a beam or ceiling 1 6. The duct passes through a number of rings 17 of metal or plastics which are a little larger than the diameter of the duct when inflated by the pressure of air exerted by the fan 14, and these rings 1 7 are connected to the beam or ceiling 16 by respective brackets 1 8. In an animal rearing building, for example, the duct 11 may extend centrally along and above the entire length of the building and the accompanying drawing therefore represents only a small portion of such a duct. In such a case, where the duct is located above the main area to be ventilated, the major volume of air is required to move downwards. This is exactly what occurs when the fan is switched on in the illustrated example.A small amount of clean air escapes radially from that part of the duct bounded by close-knit or close-weave fabric while the major amount of air escapes downwards through the open-knit or open-weave panel 15, as indicated by arrows C and D respectively.
It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the exact details of the above-described embodiment and many variations are possible. For example, the duct itself need not be circular in cross-section and it may taper or be parallel sided at its end farthest from the housing. The panel of higher permeability is not essential and where it is present it may be at any desired location, not necessarily the underside of the duct. Also it may be of any desired shape, e.g. elongate or tapered.
Moreover, there may be more than one panel of high permeability and these may be arranged lengthwise around the perimeter of the duct, or at intervals along the duct extending completely or partially around same. Naturally, the duct may be supported in any suitable manner so long as it is some distance from adjacent object so as to avoid any possibility of air entrainment.
The invention is, of course, not limited in its application to buildings housing animals, although it is thought to be particularly appropriate for such buildings.
Claims (7)
1. An air supply assembly comprising filter means which serves to filter fresh air and/or recirculated air so as to render this air bacteriologically clean and substantially free from other cntaminants, an air permeable air duct suspended or supported some distance from other objects, and impeller means operative to force air through the filter means and along the duct at such a velocity that clean air issues radially from the duct characterised in that the duct includes panels or regions of differing permeability such that when the impeller is operative different rates of air flow occur at different regions around the perimeter of the duct.
2. An assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the duct is made from woven or knitted textile or plastics material the panels or regions of differing permeability are formed by open and close weave or open and close knit panels.
3. An assembly as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the duct is in the form of a tube of circular cross section.
4. An assembly as claimed in claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the duct is supported by rings or loops which are, in turn, connected to an adjacent surface by one or more brackets.
5. An assembly as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the duct tapers as it extends from the filter means.
6. An assembly as claimed in any preceding claim further including heat exchange means which may be used to heat the air supplied to the duct.
7. An air supply assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08329015A GB2135442A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-10-31 | Air supply duct |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838305173A GB8305173D0 (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-02-24 | Air supply duct |
| GB08329015A GB2135442A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-10-31 | Air supply duct |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8329015D0 GB8329015D0 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| GB2135442A true GB2135442A (en) | 1984-08-30 |
Family
ID=26285341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08329015A Withdrawn GB2135442A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-10-31 | Air supply duct |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2135442A (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0282051A2 (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-14 | Alex Müller | Tractor or trailer for transporting loads with an installation for cooling the load compartment by air circulation |
| FR2663111A1 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-12-13 | Ouest Sarl Diffusion Thermique | Network for diffusion of air at a positive or negative temperature with controlled air jets with a double anti-condensate envelope |
| EP0856709A1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-05 | Diffusion Thermique Ouest SA | Air diffusion system |
| EP0899519A1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-03-03 | Marco Zambolin | Air-conveying and distributing channel |
| EP1412679A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2004-04-28 | Rite-Hite Holding Corporation | Conical air filter |
| EP1602884A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2005-12-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Radiation panel structure and air conditioner |
| WO2008043155A1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-17 | Colin Dunlop | Animal warming apparatus and method |
| GB2457184A (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2009-08-12 | Colin Dunlop | Animal warming apparatus and method |
| EP2521436A1 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2012-11-14 | Houweling Nurseries Oxnard, Inc. | Greenhouse and forced greenhouse climate control system and method |
| CN103307670A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-09-18 | 北京鼎能开源电池科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for circularly filtering and dedusting air in sealed environment |
| EP2676542A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-25 | Reinhold Wesselmann GmbH | Heating device for farming sheds |
| GB2542165A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-15 | Flakt Woods Ltd | Duct section for an air movement duct |
| DE102017007561A1 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-14 | DOGSTYLER SOEST GmbH | Transport device for animals |
| US11412668B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2022-08-16 | Houweling Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Greenhouse and forced greenhouse climate control system and method |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB693142A (en) * | 1951-03-28 | 1953-06-24 | Air Control Installations Ltd | Improvements in or relating to air conditioning apparatus |
| GB846472A (en) * | 1956-12-10 | 1960-08-31 | Alan Campbell | Improvements in or relating to heating or air-conditioning systems |
| GB929285A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | 1963-06-19 | Activair Ltd | Air ducting system |
| GB1242500A (en) * | 1968-11-12 | 1971-08-11 | Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab | Means for supplying ventilation air, for example to broiler houses |
| GB1287046A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1972-08-31 | Howorth Air Conditioning Ltd F | Improvements in air distribution ducts or pipes |
| GB1317833A (en) * | 1968-05-02 | 1973-05-23 | Howorth & Co Ltd James | Operating theatres |
-
1983
- 1983-10-31 GB GB08329015A patent/GB2135442A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB693142A (en) * | 1951-03-28 | 1953-06-24 | Air Control Installations Ltd | Improvements in or relating to air conditioning apparatus |
| GB846472A (en) * | 1956-12-10 | 1960-08-31 | Alan Campbell | Improvements in or relating to heating or air-conditioning systems |
| GB929285A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | 1963-06-19 | Activair Ltd | Air ducting system |
| GB1317833A (en) * | 1968-05-02 | 1973-05-23 | Howorth & Co Ltd James | Operating theatres |
| GB1242500A (en) * | 1968-11-12 | 1971-08-11 | Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab | Means for supplying ventilation air, for example to broiler houses |
| GB1287046A (en) * | 1970-09-03 | 1972-08-31 | Howorth Air Conditioning Ltd F | Improvements in air distribution ducts or pipes |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0282051A2 (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1988-09-14 | Alex Müller | Tractor or trailer for transporting loads with an installation for cooling the load compartment by air circulation |
| EP0282051A3 (en) * | 1987-03-12 | 1989-05-03 | Alex Müller | Tractor or trailer for transporting loads with an installation for cooling the load compartment by air circulation |
| FR2663111A1 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-12-13 | Ouest Sarl Diffusion Thermique | Network for diffusion of air at a positive or negative temperature with controlled air jets with a double anti-condensate envelope |
| EP0856709A1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-05 | Diffusion Thermique Ouest SA | Air diffusion system |
| FR2759153A1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-07 | Diffusion Thermique Ouest Sa | AIR DIFFUSION SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR FOR HEATING, COOLING, HUMIDIFICATION OR VENTILATION OF A PREMISES |
| EP0899519A1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 1999-03-03 | Marco Zambolin | Air-conveying and distributing channel |
| EP1412679A4 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2009-05-06 | Rite Hite Holding Corp | Conical air filter |
| EP1412679A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2004-04-28 | Rite-Hite Holding Corporation | Conical air filter |
| EP1602884A4 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2009-04-08 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Radiation panel structure and air conditioner |
| EP1602884A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2005-12-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Radiation panel structure and air conditioner |
| US10278338B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2019-05-07 | Glass Investments Projects, Inc. | Greenhouse and forced greenhouse climate control system and method |
| US11412668B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2022-08-16 | Houweling Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Greenhouse and forced greenhouse climate control system and method |
| US10278337B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2019-05-07 | Glass Investments Projects, Inc. | Greenhouse and forced greenhouse climate control system and method |
| WO2008043155A1 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-17 | Colin Dunlop | Animal warming apparatus and method |
| GB2457184A (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2009-08-12 | Colin Dunlop | Animal warming apparatus and method |
| EP2521436A1 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2012-11-14 | Houweling Nurseries Oxnard, Inc. | Greenhouse and forced greenhouse climate control system and method |
| EP2676542A1 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-25 | Reinhold Wesselmann GmbH | Heating device for farming sheds |
| CN103307670A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-09-18 | 北京鼎能开源电池科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for circularly filtering and dedusting air in sealed environment |
| GB2542165B (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2020-06-03 | Flakt Woods Ltd | Duct section for an air movement duct |
| GB2542165A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-15 | Flakt Woods Ltd | Duct section for an air movement duct |
| DE102017007561A1 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-14 | DOGSTYLER SOEST GmbH | Transport device for animals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8329015D0 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |