GB2106703A - A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators - Google Patents

A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2106703A
GB2106703A GB08224090A GB8224090A GB2106703A GB 2106703 A GB2106703 A GB 2106703A GB 08224090 A GB08224090 A GB 08224090A GB 8224090 A GB8224090 A GB 8224090A GB 2106703 A GB2106703 A GB 2106703A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
composite electrode
interlayer
lattice
metallic
accumulators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08224090A
Inventor
Peter Faber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RWE AG
Original Assignee
Rheinisch Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinisch Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk AG filed Critical Rheinisch Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk AG
Publication of GB2106703A publication Critical patent/GB2106703A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • H01M4/747—Woven material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H01M4/806—Nonwoven fibrous fabric containing only fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/669—Steels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators comprises a metallic lattice having lattice bars (1) and lattice apertures (2), plastics facings (3) on both sides of the metallic lattice, active mass (4) packed therein and a felt jacket (5), an interlayer (6) having both conductivity and electrolyte permeability being interposed between the plastics facings (3) and the felt jacket (5), which interlayer leads to a substantially better utilization of the active mass (4). <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators This invention relates to a composite electrode for alkaline accumulators, more particularly nickel/iron accumulators, comprising a metallic lattice having lattice bars and lattice apertures, plastics facings on both sides of the metallic lattice, active mass packed therein and a felt jacket. The plastics facings on the two sides are preferably welded together through the lattice apertures, so that everywhere else they form as it were pockets for the packed active mass, which pockets are closed by the felt jacket.
In principle, the known composite electrodes of this category (DE-PS 27 10 907, DE-PS 27 10 908, DE-PS 28 23 725, DE-PS 28 33 771) can be used in both the so-called lead accumulators and the alkaline accumulator types (for example, nickel/iron accumulators, nickel/cadmium accumulators and silver/zinc accumulators). However, they have proved to be particularly suitable for lead accumulators. The "cladding" of the active mass without metallic "pocketing", which is featured in such composite electrodes, has the great advantage of giving a far superior electrolyte permeability. The sheet material normally used for the metallic pocketing of the active mass has for example apertures amounting to between 15 and 25% of the geometrical surface area.
The felt jackets in the composite electrodes under consideration are sufficiently porous to give an aperture area exceeding 80%. However, difficulties of a different nature arise with alkaline accumulators. Only a small percentage of the active mass takes part in the electro-chemical chargingdischaring cycle, and the utilization level is correspondingly low.
The object of the invention is to provide a composite electrode of the type under consideration, so that when used in alkaline accumulators the active mass is utilized substantially more effectively.
According to the present invention, a composite electrode for alkaline accumulators comprises a metallic lattice having lattice bars and lattice apertures, plastics facings on both sides of the metallic lattice, active mass packed therein and a felt jacket, and an interlayer having both metallic conductivity and electrolyte permeability is interposed between the plastics facings and the felt jacket.
It is known in principle to combine a felt layer with a layer having metallic conductivity, in the form of a perforated metallic foil, in composite electrodes for alkaline accumulators (DE-OS 22 54 319). However, this known embodiment also features metallic pocketing of a smilar nature to that described above, in which the perforated metallic foil is applied externally to the felt layer.
Within the scope of the invention, there are various possibilities in detail for the construction and shaping of the interlayer. Thus, the interlayer can be metallic foil or sheet perforated to allow electrolyte to pass through. Alternatively, however, the interlayer can be a woven, knitted or felted fabric made from natural and/or synthetic fibres and/or threads, the fibres and/or threads being at least partially metallised. According to another proposal for the invention, the interlayer consists of a metallisation applied to the face of the felt jacket in contact with the plastics facings. This proposal has special significance, in that this embodiment does not need additional components to form the interlayer, such as a foil, a sheet, a woven or knitted fabric or an extra layer of felt.The metallisation of felt jackets for composite electrodes is intrinsically known (US-PS 29 85 701). When a metallisation is used to form the interlayer of the invention, the metallisation can be produced in various ways. In particular, the appropriate metals can be deposited by sputtering or electrolysis.
In can be advantageous within the scope of the invention to construct the felt jacket in a special manner in order to stabilise the contact conditions between the interlayer and the active mass. For this purpose, the felt jacket preferably has a pore size of only 1 to 10 Rm. This prevents the active mass from escaping through the felt jacket into the free electrolyte during the charging-discharging cycle. Moreover, it is self-evident that a composite electrode of the invention must possess sufficient mechanical stabiiityfor use in alkaline accumulators in general and nickel/iron accumulators in particular, since it must be remembered that the operational volume changes in alkaline accumulators in general and nickel/iron accumulators in particular set up much higher bursting pressures than occur in the active mass of lead accumulators.
In the case of a nickel/iron accumulator, it is preferred under the invention to make the interlayer from a nickel alloy or a nickel-plated alloy steel. For example, one can use a nickel-plated steel netting or nickel-plated steel wires or fibres. In other alkaline accumulators, the interlayer is preferably adapted to the metals employed. It is advantageous in all cases to connect the interlayer conductively to the metallic lattice. This embodiment of the invention has special significance.
The accruing advantages are to be seen in that the active mass in a composite electrode in accordance with the invention for use in alkaline accumulators is utilized substantially more effectively. There is no difficulty in attaining a utilization level higherthan 50% of the theoretical Faraday equivalent. This applies particularly to nickel/cadmium accumulators.
An electrode in accordance with the invention is an "openly" encapsuled composite electrode for alkaline accumulators. Since the active mass discharges across the metallic interlayer as well as internally through the metallic lattice, the composite electrode maintains a stable capacity even after many charging-discharing cycles. Suprisingly, the interlayer need not necessarily be connected to the inner discharge path, i.e., the metallic lattice, though as already stated this contacting is recommended.
Three embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the three accompanying drawings which are diagrammatic fragmentary cross-sections on an enlarged scale.
Each composite electrode shown in the Figures consists basically of a metallic lattice having lattice bars 1 and lattice apertures 2, plastics facings 3 on both sides of the metallic lattice, these plastics facings 3 being welded together through the lattice apertures 2, active mass 4 packed therein and a felt jacket 5.
It will be seen that an interlayer 6, which has both metallic conductivity and electrolyte permeability, is interposed beween the plastics facings 3 and the felt jacket 5.
Although in Figure 1 the interlayer 6 is shown made of filaments, it can be a metallic foil or sheet, having perforations 7 to allow the electrolyte to pass through. Alternatively, however, it can be a woven, knitted or felted fabric made from metal fibres or metal threads. Again the metallic interlayer 6 can consist entirely of metal, but it is also possible to make the interlayer as a woven, knitted or felted fabric having natural and/or synthetic nonmetallic fibres or threads, at least partially metallised by a coating process.
Figure 2 indicates that the metallisation and hence the interlayer 6 can be applied directly to the felt jacket 5, on the face in contact with the plastics facings 3. It is self-evident that in this case only the fibres in the felt have a metallic coating, while the felt jacket as a whole remains permeable to the electrolyte. The felt jacket preferably has a pore size of 1 to 10 us.
Figure 3 indicates that the interlayer 6 as a whole is a flat S-shape and is disposed with the middle loop adjacent the metallic lattice 1. This provides simple means of connecting the interlayer 6 conductively to the metallic lattice 1. Furthermore, the interlayer 6 in this embodiment of the composite electrode can also improve the mechanical stability, whether it consists of a woven, knitted or felted fabric or a sheet.

Claims (10)

1. A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators, more particularly nickel/iron accumulators, comprising a metallic lattice having lattice bars and lattice apertures, plastics facings on both sides of the metallic lattice, active mass packed therein and a felt jacket, an interlayer having both metallic conductivity and electrolyte permeability being interposed between the plastics facings and the felt jackets.
2. A composite electrode as in Claim 1,wherein the interlayer is a metal foil or sheet having perforations to allow electrolyte to pass through.
3. A composite electrode as in Claim 1, wherein the interlayer consists of a woven, knitted or felted fabric made from metal fibres and/or metal threads.
4. A composite electrode as in Claim 1, wherein the interlayer is a woven, knitted orfelted fabric made from natural and/or synthetic fibres and/or threads, the fibres and/orthreads being at least partially metallised.
5. A composite electrode as in Claim 1,wherein the interlayer consists of a metallisation applied to the face of the felt jacket in contact with the plastics facings.
6. A composite electrode as in any one of Claims 1 1 to 5, wherein the felt jacket has a pore size of 1 to 10cm.
7. A composite electrode as in any one of Claims 1 to 6, for use in nickel/iron accumulators, wherein the interlayer consists of a nickel alloy or a nickelplated alloy steel.
8. A composite electrode as in Claim 7, wherein the interlayer consists of nickel-plated steel netting.
9. A composite electrode as in any one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the interlayer is connected conduc tivelytothe metallic lattice.
10. A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Figures of the accompanying drawings.
GB08224090A 1981-08-29 1982-08-20 A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators Withdrawn GB2106703A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3134309A DE3134309C1 (en) 1981-08-29 1981-08-29 Composite electrode for alkaline batteries

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2106703A true GB2106703A (en) 1983-04-13

Family

ID=6140478

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08224090A Withdrawn GB2106703A (en) 1981-08-29 1982-08-20 A composite electrode for alkaline accumulators

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DE (1) DE3134309C1 (en)
FR (1) FR2512276A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2106703A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1435673A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-07-07 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Threedimensional cell, its electrode structure, and method for manufacturing electrode material of threedimensional cell

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH662213A5 (en) * 1983-10-26 1987-09-15 Bopp & Co Ag G PLATE ELECTRODE WITH METALLIC COVER FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME.
DE4019092A1 (en) * 1990-06-15 1991-12-19 Deutsche Automobilgesellsch Laminated three=dimensional composite electrode skeleton - esp. for battery with conductive core, open ancillary structure and highly porous matrix

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2985701A (en) * 1953-06-29 1961-05-23 Helen E Brennan Storage battery electrodes
GB800734A (en) * 1955-07-19 1958-09-03 Joseph Barry Brennan Improvements in or relating to electrodes for electric storage batteries
DE1812875A1 (en) * 1967-12-08 1969-07-10 Sony Corp electrode
GB1393528A (en) * 1971-06-01 1975-05-07 Lucas Industries Ltd Battery plates for electric storage batteries
DE2254319A1 (en) * 1972-11-06 1974-05-16 Varta Batterie POCKET ELECTRODE FOR ALKALINE ACCUMULATORS
DE2407444C3 (en) * 1974-02-16 1978-05-18 Deutsche Automobilgesellschaft Mbh, 3000 Hannover Rechargeable multilayer zinc electrode
DE2710907C3 (en) * 1977-03-12 1979-11-08 Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk Ag, 4300 Essen Metal / plastic carrier for electrodes of accumulators
DE2710908C3 (en) * 1977-03-12 1980-03-13 Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk Ag, 4300 Essen Process for the production of a metal / plastic composite electrode
DE2823771C2 (en) * 1978-05-31 1980-06-19 Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk Ag, 4300 Essen Metal / plastic carrier for electrodes of accumulators
DE2823725C2 (en) * 1978-05-31 1980-06-19 Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Elektrizitaetswerk Ag, 4300 Essen Metal plastic carrier for electrodes of accumulators
JPS55155469A (en) * 1979-05-23 1980-12-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Negative electrode for nickel-cadmium storage battery

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1435673A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-07-07 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Threedimensional cell, its electrode structure, and method for manufacturing electrode material of threedimensional cell
EP1435673B1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2011-07-27 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Threedimensional cell, its electrode structure, and method for manufacturing electrode material of threedimensional cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2512276A1 (en) 1983-03-04
DE3134309C1 (en) 1983-01-27

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