GB2105247A - Process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding - Google Patents

Process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2105247A
GB2105247A GB08217925A GB8217925A GB2105247A GB 2105247 A GB2105247 A GB 2105247A GB 08217925 A GB08217925 A GB 08217925A GB 8217925 A GB8217925 A GB 8217925A GB 2105247 A GB2105247 A GB 2105247A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fibres
yarn
wrapped
wrapped yarn
thermoplastic polymer
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08217925A
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GB2105247B (en
Inventor
Peter Morgan Griffiths
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Akzo Nobel UK PLC
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Courtaulds PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to GB08217925A priority Critical patent/GB2105247B/en
Publication of GB2105247A publication Critical patent/GB2105247A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2105247B publication Critical patent/GB2105247B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D02G3/402—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads the adhesive being one component of the yarn, i.e. thermoplastic yarn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/105—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcement of definite length with a matrix in solid form, e.g. powder, fibre or sheet form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/447—Yarns or threads for specific use in general industrial applications, e.g. as filters or reinforcement
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

A fibre-reinforced moulding is made by wrapping a core of reinforcing fibres such as carbon and/or aromatic polyamide fibres with a thermoplastic yarn, and thermoforming the wrapped yarn so that the thermoplastic yarn becomes a polymer matrix around the reinforcing fibres. Additional thermoplastic yarn may be included in the core. The wrapped yarn may be converted into a fabric prior to the thermoforming step, and additional thermoplastic yarns for contributing to the eventual polymer matrix may be incorporated in the fabric, for example as alternate warp or weft yarns in a woven fabric. Unidirectional reinforcement may be achieved by having the wrapped yarn only in the warp or the weft, with thermoplastic yarns comprising the rest of the fabric.

Description

SPECIFICATION Process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding This invention relates to a process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding. Component moulded from thermoplastic orthermosetting polymers are often reinforced with fibres where additional strength is required. In the case of thermoplastic polymers this is usually carried out by compounding the polymer with staple fibres in an extrusion compounder. With thermosetting polymers, resin precondensate in liquid form is applied to the reinforcing fibres, which may be in a variety of forms including staple fibres, continuous filaments and woven and non-woven fabrics, and is cured in situ.
Compounding is an expensive operation requiring care to ensure adequate mixing and is limited to using staple fibres. This limitation does not arise with liquid resin precondensates, but the use of a liquid material and the need for extended curing times impose both practical and economic limitations on the moulding techniques which can be used.
One proposal which has been made for facilitating blending of reinforcing fibres and matrix polymer is described in British Patent No. 1,200,342, and involves providing the matrix polymer is fibrous form, so that the two types of fibres in staple form are simply blended together on a carding machine.
As an alternative, continuous filaments are wound together as a skein.
A process has now been developed for making a fibre-reinforced moulding in which the blend proportions and the distribution of matrix polymer and reinforcing fibre are more accurately controlled, and which allows the reinforcing fibres to be incorporated in the polymer matrix in the form of fabric.
According to this invention a process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding comprises providing a wrapped yarn having a core component comprising reinforcing fibres, and a wrapping component comprising a yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres, making an assembly of such wrapped yarn, and heating the assembly under applied pressure to thermoform the wrapping component of the wrapped yarn into a polymer matrix which incorporates said reinforcing fibres.
The provision of the thermoplastic yarn which is to form a polymer matrix as a wrapping component disposed about the core of reinforcing fibres places the components of the moulding into intimate contact from the start and in a controlled volume ratio.
Furthermore, the wrapping component protects the core component of reinforcing fibres, and makes it possible to convert the wrapped yarn into woven fabrics, for example, even when the core component comprises a brittle or substantially untwisted fibre bundle such as a carbon filament tow. The wrapping component deforms thermoplastically during the thermoforming operation to become a polymer matrix, and whilst this is happening the reinforcing fibres of the core component are released from any constraint imposed by the wrapping component and can move under the forces created in thermoforming. In this way, thermoplastic polymer can penetrate between and around the fibres to promote even spreading of fibres within the matrix and improve fibre/matrix adhesion.
The term 'fibres' is used herein to include both staple fibres and continuous filaments unless the context indicates that staple fibres only are being referred to.
The core of reinforcing fibres is preferably a yarn or tow of continuous filaments, and the fact that the core is held by a wrapping component allows the yarn ortowto be substantiallytwistless. This is not only cheaper to produce but allows the filaments to closely approximate the straight condition, which gives maximum tensile strength to the composite structure in that direction and facilitates filament separation during the thermoforming operation.
Furthermore, the presence of the wrapping component makes it unnecessary to size the core yarn or tow for the purpose of its conversion to fabric, which means that there need be no unwanted size material present to interfere with spreading of the reinforcing fibres or their bonding to the matrix polymer.
Suitable reinforcing fibres include carbon fibres, glass fibres, metal fibres, ceramic fibres, mineral fibres and aromatic polyamide fibres such as "Kevlar" (Registered Trade Mark). Two or more types of reinforcing fibres may be used in combination, for example a yarn or tow of carbon filaments together with a yarn or tow of "Kevlar" (Registered Trade Mark) filaments, to give specific properties such as controlled energy absorption.
In addition to reinforcing fibres the core component may comprise thermoplastic fibres which fuse with the thermoplastic yarn of the wrapping component during subsequent thermoforming of the wrapped yarn and so form part of the polymer matrix. This allows a desired proportion of thermoplastic fibres to be built into the wrapped yarn more easily than if such fibres were confined to the yarn of the wrapping component. This is particularly so where higher proportions of matrix polymer are needed which would otherwise require the use of high count wrapping yarns and/or high wrapping cover and/or multiple wrappings to give the necessary volume of thermoplastic fibre.Any such thermoplastic fibres in the core component shou Id comprise a polymer which fuses compatibly with the polymer of the wrapping component yarn, and both polymers are preferably the same or of the same polymer type.
The thermoplastic yarn which comprises the wrapping component may be a continuous filament yarn, multifilament or monofilament, or a staple fibre yarn. The polymer from which the yarn is made should be thermoformable at temperatures which do not unduly degrade or melt the reinforcing fibres of the core component. Many thermoplastic polymers are suitable in this regard, including polyamides such as nylon 6, polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate), polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and copolymers of ethylene and propylene, polysulphones such as polyethersulphone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The wrapping component may be applied to the core component in a number of ways. Thus, a spiral wrap, single or multiple, may be produced on a conventional, hollow-spindle wrapping machine, and with this technique a substantially twistless core component may be used. Core-yarn spinning techniques may also be used to produce the wrapped yarn, using folding, doubling or twisting machinery.
A newer technique for making core-yarns involves feeding the core component to a machine producing self-twist yarn such as a Repco machine where the yarn components which self-twist about each other envelop the core component in so doing and thereby constitute a wrapping component.
The invention also includes a wrapped yarn suitable for conversion to a fibre-reinforced moulding, said yarn having a core component which comprises fibres selected from carbon fibres, glass fibres, metal fibres, ceramic fibres, mineral fibres and aromatic polyamide fibres, and a wrapping component comprising a yarn ofthermoplastic polymer fibres.
The wrapped yarn may be assembled in a variety of ways prior to thermoforming. As yarn, it may be assembled into bundles, warps, arrays or windings.
However, for ease of handling and flexibility of design for specific composite structure properties, the wrapped yarn preferably is assembled into the form of a fibrous fabric. The fibrous fabric may be a woven, knitted, braided, non-woven or pile fabric.
Accordingly, the invention further includes a fibrous fabric suitable for conversion to a fibre-reinforced moulding, said fabric being constructed from a wrapped yarn according to the invention.
If desired, additional yarns of thermoplastic polymer fibres may be used in conjunction with the wrapped yarn to make the fibrous fabric of the invention. These additional yarns may be woven or knitted into the structure, for example as alternate warps or wefts, or simply laid in at intervals. Another arrangement, which is useful when unidirectional reinforcement is required, is to have one of the warp and the weft of a woven fabric comprising the wrapped yarn of the invention with the other of the warp and the weft comprising the aforesaid additional yarn ofthermoplastic polymer fibres. The additional thermoplastic yarns fuse with the thermoplastic fibres of the wrapped yarn during thermoforming and become part of the polymer matrix.The same considerations apply to these yarns as apply to the additional thermoplastic fibres in the core component as outlined earlier.
The thermoforming operation used to convert the thermoplastic wrapping and other yarn into a polymer matrix may be any suitable moulding or forming process, for example pressure moulding, vacuum forming, hot pressing or hot rolling. As an example of one way of making a fibre-reforced moulding according to the invention, fabric made from the wrapped yarn as described may be cut and stacked in a mould and then subjected to heat and pressure in the mould to convert the thermoplastic fibres to a polymer matrix. Different layers of a stack may be aligned in different directions or comprise fabrics of different construction to give tailored properties to the moulding produced. Thermoplastic sheet or film may be interleaved in the stack to contribute to the formation of the polymer matrix.
The invention includes a fibre-reinforced moulding produced by the process of the invention. The preferred moulding comprises a thermoplastic polymer matrix reinforced with carbon fibres, preferably in continuous filament form. A percentage by volume of carbon fibres in the moulding (usually known as the volume fraction) of at least 30 usually is required to give good composite properties, with a preferred range being 50 to 65 per cent If the carbon fibres are to be used in conjunction with other reinforcing fibres such as "Kevlar" or glass, then the volume percentage of carbon fibres used may be reduced in proportion to the volume percentage of other reinforcing fibres used.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.
Example 1 A substantially untwisted carbon fibre yarn "Grafil" E/XA-S (Registered Trade Mark) of 3,000 filaments and 200Tex overall count (200Tex/3K) was passed through the hollow spindle of a wrapping machine with 3 monofilaments (each of 38 Tex) of PEEK, as a combined core component. This was wrapped with a spiral wrapping of a single monofilament of PEEK, also of 38 Tex using a wrapping twist of 473 turns per metre (t.p.m.) in the'S' mode.
The wrapped yarn produced comprised 53 per cent by volume carbon filaments and 47 per cent by volume PEEK filaments.
The wrapped yarn was woven into a plain weave fabric on a rapier loom at 4.7 ends/cm and 4.7 picks/cm. A stack of 8 layers of this fabric was placed in a mould wherein it was heated to 400 C. under high pressure to form a moulded bar. The bar comprised a matrix of PEEK reinforced by interwoven continuous filaments of carbon aligned longitudinally and transversely of the bar.
Example 2 A wrapped carbon filament yarn was made by the procedure described in Example 1 using a core component comprising a substantially untwisted carbon filament yarn of 200 Tex/3K ("Grafil" E/XA-S) and two ends of a nylon 66 multifilament yarn each of 140 Tex/210 filaments. The wrapping component was a single end of a 44 dTex/10 filament nylon 66 multifilament yarn and the wrapping twist was 473 t.p.m. The wrapped yarn produced comprised 40 per cent by volume carbon filaments and 60 per cent by volume nylon 66 filaments.
The wrapped yarn was cut into lengths of 150 mm which were laid parallel to the long sides of a mould measuring 150 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm until the mould was filled. After closing of the mould, the wrapped yarns were moulded into a bar using a moulding pressure of 4 GPa and a moulding temperature of 280 C. Moulding was carried out in an atmosphere of nitrogen to minimise degradation of the nylon 66.
Example 3 A substantially untwisted carbon filament yarn "Grafil" E/XA-S (Registered Trade Mark) of 3,000 filaments and 200 Tex overall count (200 Tex/3K) was passed through the hollow spindle of a wrapping machine together with a glass filament yarn (204 Tex/1 224 filament) and seven monofilaments (each of 38 Tex) of PEEK, as a combined core component.
This was wrapped with a spiral wrapping of a single monofilament of PEEK, also of 38 Tex, using a wrapping twist of 473 t.p.m. in the 'S' mode. The wrapped yarn produced comprised 53 per cent by volume reinforcing fibres (carbon and glass) and 47 per cent by volume PEEK filaments.
The wrapped yarn was woven into a plain weave fabric on a rapier loom at 4.0 ends/cm and 4.0 picks/cm. A stack of 8 layers of this fabric were then moulded into a bar as described in Example 1.
Example 4 A wrapped yarn was made as in Example 1. This yarn was woven as the warp of a fabric at 4.7 ends/cm on a rapier loom using a 38 Tex PEEK monofilament as weft yarn at 4.7 picks/cm.
The fabric produced was moulded into a bar as described in Example 1, with the carbon fibre yarn aligned longitudinally of the bar and constituting 48 percent by volume of the moulded bar.
Example 5 A substantially untwisted carbon filament yarn "Grafil" E/XA-S of 200 Tex/3K was passed through the hollow spindle of a wrapping machine together with a 142 Tex/1 K filament yarn of poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide) ("Kevlar") and two ends of a nylon 66 multifilamentyarn each of 140 Tex/210 filaments. The wrapping component was a single end of a 44 dTex/l0filament nylon 66 multifilament yarn, and the wrapping twist was 473 t.p.m.
The wrapped yarn comprised 32 per cent by volume carbon fibres, 22 per cent by volume "Kevlar" fibres and 46 per cent by volume nylon 66 fibres.
The wrapped yarn was moulded into a bar as described in Example 2.
Example 6 Two substantially untwisted carbon filament yarns "Grafil" E/XA-S of 200 Tex/3K were passed through the hollow spindle of a wrapping machine together with two "Kevlar" yarns each of 142 Tex/1 K and five nylon 66 yarns each of 140 Tex/210. The wrapping component was a single end of a 44 dTex/10 nylon 66 multifilament yarn, and the wrapping twist was 473 t.p.m.
The wrapped yarn comprised 26 per cent by volume carbon fibres, 28 per cent by volume "Kevlar" fibres and 46 per cent by volume nylon 66 fibres.
The wrapped yarn was moulded into a bar as described in Example 2.

Claims (32)

1. A process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding comprising providing a wrapped yarn having a core component comprising reinforcing fibres and a wrapping component comprising a yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres, making an assembly of such wrapped yarn, and heating the assembly under applied pressure to thermoform the wrapping component of the wrapped yarn into a polymer matrix which incorporates said reinforcing fibres.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 in which the wrapped yarn has a core component comprising thermoplastic polymer fibres in addition to the reinforcing fibres whereby the thermoplastic polymer fibres of the core component are thermoformed together with the thermoplastic polymer fibres of the wrapping component to form a polymer matrix which incorporates said reinforcing fibres.
3. A process as claimed in claim 2 in which the thermoplastic fibres of the core and wrapping components of the wrapped yarn comprise the same polymer.
4. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 in which the wrapped yarn has a core component of which the reinforcing fibres comprise one or more substantially twistless continuous filament yarn(s) or tow(s).
5. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 in which the wrapped yarn has a core component of which the reinforcing fibres comprise fibres selected from carbon fibres, glass fibres, metal fibres, ceramic fibres, mineral fibres and aromatic polyamide fibres.
6. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to Sin which the wrapped yarn has a core component comprising reinforcing fibres of two or more types.
7. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 in which the wrapped yarn has a wrapping component which comprises one or more spirally-wrapped yarns of thermoplastic polymer fibres.
8. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 in which the wrapped yarn has a wrapping component which comprises one or more continuous filament yarns of thermoplastic polymer fibres.
9. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8 in which the wrapped yarn has a wrapping component which comprises yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres selected from fibres of thermoplastic polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polysulphones, polyetheretherketone, and polytetrafl uoroethylene.
10. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9 in which the wrapped yarn is made into an assembly comprising a fibrous fabric.
11. A process as claimed in claim 10 in which the fibrous fabric comprises yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres in addition to the wrapped yarn whereby said additional yarn is thermoformed together with the yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres which comprises the wrapping component of the wrapped yarn, and any thermoplastic polymer fibres in the core component of the wrapped yarn, to form a polymer matrix which incorporates said reinforcing fibres.
12. A process as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11 in which the fibrous fabric is a woven or knitted fabric.
13. A process as claimed in claim 12 in which the fibrous fabric is a woven fabric having one of the warp and the weft thereof comprising said wrapped yarn and the other of the warp and the weft comprising yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres.
14. A process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding substantially as hereinbefore decribed in any of the Examples.
15. A process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding substantially as hereinbefore described.
16. Afibre-reinforced moulding made by a process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 15.
17. A wrapped yarn suitable for conversion to a fibre-reinforced moulding, said yarn having a core component which comprises fibres selected from carbon fibres, glass fibres, metal fibres, ceramic fibres, mineral fibres and aromatic polyamide fibres, and a wrapping component comprising a yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres.
18. A wrapped yarn as claimed in claim 17 in which the core component comprises thermoplastic polymer fibres in addition to the reinforcing fibres.
19. A wrapped yarn as claimed in claim 18 in which the thermoplastic fibres of the core and wrapping components comprise the same polymer.
20. A wrapped yarn as claimed in any of claims 17 to 19 in which the reinforcing fibres of the core component comprise one or more substantially twistless continuous filament yarn(s) or tow(s).
21. A wrapped yarn as claimed in any of claims 17to 20 in which the reinforcing fibres ofthe core component comprise two or more types.
22. A wrapped yarn as claimed in any of claims 17 to 21 in which the wrapping component comprises one or more spirally wrapped yarns of thermoplastic polymer fibres.
23. A wrapped yarn as claimed in any of claims 17 to 22 in which the wrapping component comprises one or more continuous filament yarns of thermoplastic polymer fibres.
24. A wrapped yarn as claimed in any of claims 17 to 23 in which the wrapping component comprises yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres selected from fibres of thermoplastic polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polysulphones, polyetheretherketone and polytetrafluoroethylene.
25. A wrapped yarn substantially as hereinbefore described in any of the Examples.
26. A wrapped yarn substantially as hereinbefore described.
27. A fibrous fabric suitable for conversion to a fibre-reinforced moulding, said fabric being constructed from a wrapped yarn as claimed in any of claims 17 to 26.
28. A fibrous fabric as claimed in claim 27 comprising yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres in addition to the wrapped yarn.
29. A fibrous fabric as claimed in claim 26 or claim 27 which is a woven or knitted fabric.
30. A fibrous fabric as claimed in claim 29 which is a woven fabric having one of the wrap and weft thereof comprising said wrapped yarn and the other of the warp and the weft comprising yarn of thermoplastic polymer fibres.
31. A fibrous fabric substantially as hereinbefore described in any of the Examples.
32. A fibrous fabric substantially as hereinbefore described.
GB08217925A 1981-06-23 1982-06-21 Process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding Expired GB2105247B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08217925A GB2105247B (en) 1981-06-23 1982-06-21 Process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8119373 1981-06-23
GB08217925A GB2105247B (en) 1981-06-23 1982-06-21 Process for making a fibre-reinforced moulding

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GB2105247B GB2105247B (en) 1985-04-24

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JPS5565648A (en) * 1978-11-09 1980-05-17 Nippon Steel Corp Method of coupling structure member
JPS6028543A (en) * 1983-07-27 1985-02-13 東レ株式会社 Fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin molding material
EP0133893A2 (en) * 1983-07-02 1985-03-13 Bayer Ag Method of making fibre-reinforced moulded objects
EP0138294A2 (en) * 1983-09-06 1985-04-24 Textile Products Incorporated method and apparatus for producing blends of resinuous thermoplastic fiber and laminated structures produced therefrom
EP0182335A2 (en) * 1984-11-19 1986-05-28 Phillips Petroleum Company Fiber reinforced thermoplastic articles and process for the preparation thereof
FR2582255A1 (en) * 1985-05-23 1986-11-28 Arnaud Guy Method for manufacturing a laminated material based on thermoplastic resins and laminated articles obtained with the aid of such a material
GB2183540A (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-10 Christopher Francis Coles Improvements in or related to fibres
US4871491A (en) * 1984-03-15 1989-10-03 Basf Structural Materials Inc. Process for preparing composite articles from composite fiber blends
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FR2638467A1 (en) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-04 Saint Gobain Vetrotex
EP0390025A2 (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-03 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Sewing thread made from polyetherketone
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FR2670790A1 (en) * 1990-12-19 1992-06-26 Aerospatiale LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND MATERIAL MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR.
US5168006A (en) * 1987-08-13 1992-12-01 Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. Woven fabric for fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin laminate
EP0542070A1 (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-05-19 Cytec Technology Corp. Hybrid yarn made of polyamide fibres and reinforcing fibres
US5355567A (en) * 1992-12-18 1994-10-18 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Process for preparing engineered fiber blend
WO1995000319A1 (en) * 1993-06-23 1995-01-05 Prince Sports Group, Inc. Process for making a continuous cowound fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite article
WO1996031336A1 (en) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Method for obtaining a three-dimensional textile product, thread used therein, composite materials obtained with this thread and according to this method
US5633075A (en) * 1988-01-12 1997-05-27 Raychem Limited Composite material
US5891284A (en) * 1995-09-13 1999-04-06 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Manufacture of a undirectional composite fabric
EP1411158A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2004-04-21 Japan Basic Material Co., Ltd. Conjugated yarn and fiber reinforced plastic
EP1594341A1 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-11-09 Harman/Becker Automotive Systems GmbH Loudspeaker diaphragm
US7115180B2 (en) * 2003-04-17 2006-10-03 Hexcel Reinforcements Process and system for fabricating a reinforcing preform
BE1018491A3 (en) * 2009-03-20 2011-01-11 Masureel Veredeling PREPREGGARS.
FR2948692A1 (en) * 2009-07-28 2011-02-04 Saertex France Producing reinforcement and draining fiber for reinforcement of composite materials, comprises assembling bundle of filaments, joining the filaments to obtain a fiber, and subjecting the filaments to wrapping operation
US7964049B2 (en) * 2006-07-28 2011-06-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Processes for making fiber-on-end materials
WO2011134995A1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Hybrid yarn for producing molded parts
WO2012065598A3 (en) * 2010-11-18 2012-10-11 Faserinstitut Bremen E.V. Hybrid yarn, method for the production of fiber preforms for fiber composite components, in particular high-strength fiber composite components, using said hybrid yarn, and method for the production of fiber composite components, in particular high-strength fiber composite components
US20140272218A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Federal-Mogul Powertrain, Inc. End-Fray Resistant Heat-Shrinkable Woven Sleeve, Assembly Therewith and Methods of Construction Thereof
WO2014174101A1 (en) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-30 Ambs David Method of producing a composite material made using plant fibre yarn and composite material made according to this method
US20150001214A1 (en) * 2012-01-11 2015-01-01 Lg Hausys, Ltd. Hybrid winding method for thermoplastic plastic-continuous fiber hybrid composite and a high pressure vessel using the same and a method for manufacturing the same
EP3102723A4 (en) * 2014-01-28 2018-04-04 Inman, Mills Sheath and core yarn for thermoplastic composite
CN113150492A (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-07-23 吉林大学 Carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone-based composite material and preparation method thereof
DE102020105167A1 (en) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e. V. Rudolstadt Method for producing a hybrid yarn

Cited By (62)

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