GB2103510A - Systems for treating the smoke and comburant gases of a hearth - Google Patents

Systems for treating the smoke and comburant gases of a hearth Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2103510A
GB2103510A GB08218815A GB8218815A GB2103510A GB 2103510 A GB2103510 A GB 2103510A GB 08218815 A GB08218815 A GB 08218815A GB 8218815 A GB8218815 A GB 8218815A GB 2103510 A GB2103510 A GB 2103510A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
enclosure
gases
condensates
upper portion
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08218815A
Other versions
GB2103510B (en
Inventor
Dominique Pelloux-Prayer
Remi-Pierre Guillet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
Original Assignee
Gaz de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz de France SA filed Critical Gaz de France SA
Publication of GB2103510A publication Critical patent/GB2103510A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2103510B publication Critical patent/GB2103510B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/147—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • F23L15/045—Arrangements of recuperators using intermediate heat-transfer fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • F24H8/003—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation having means for moistening the combustion air with condensate from the combustion gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

A system for treating comparatively hot and damp gases and comparatively dry and fresh or cool gases, in particular smoke and comburant gases of a hearth, to recover the heat and if applicable the condensates from one gas and to heat and humidify the other gas comprises two enclosures 1, 4 of which enclosure 1 is traversed upwards from below by hot and damp gases and enclosure 4 is traversed downwards from above by the comparatively dry and cool gases. The bases 7 and 8 of the enclosures form collectors for the condensates, the base 7 being connected to the upper portion 6, 11 of enclosure 4 by means of a device 9, 10 for withdrawing condensates for infeed of the condensates and liquid into the upper portion of the second enclosure 4 and placing them in contact with the comparatively dry and cool gases flowing thereinto, and the base 8 being connected to the upper portion of the enclosure 1 by means 13, 14 for withdrawing condensate to draw the condensates from the base 8 and feed these into the upper portion of enclosure 1 traversed by the hot and damp gases, said withdrawal means being formed by pipes 9, 13, provided with circulator pumps 10, 14, and the bases 7 and 8 of the two enclosures being connected by a linking and balancing pipe 16. Enclosures 1, 4 may be adjacent or concentric, and may be packed, e.g. with Raschig rings, or may be open columns. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Systems for treating the smoke and comburant gases of a hearth The present invention relates to a system fortreating the smoke and comburant gases of a hearth.
It is known from the prior art exempiified by United States Patent Specification Nos: 1,680,145, 2,183,956, 2,825,210,3,200,607, and 3,552,488, Canadian Patent Specification No: 482,104, and French Patent Specifications Nos: 942,065 and FR-PS 7900,901, that it is possible to enhance the efficiency of a combustion within a hearth by an exchange of heat and condensate between the smoke emerging from the hearth and the comburant gases (comburant air) supplied to the hearth.
In particular, the French Patent Specification No: 7900,901 discloses a method and a system for exchange of heat and condensate by means of a thermal coupling established via a heat exchange partition and by collecting the condensates from the hot gas to place these condensates in contact with the cold gas in process of being heated.
Although this solution is of interest, it requires particular arrangements for its practical embodiment. In particular, the exchanger provided for application of this method is formed by a box provided with vertical partitions delimiting aiiernate passage ducts for the hot and cold gases, the box base forming a condensate collector and the top section of the box being provided with condensate atomising elements in each gas passage duct.
As a matter of fact, the condensate tends to trickle along the adjacent heat exchange walls between the two flows but the condensate film is at the identical temperature on both sides of the walls in particular conditions, which reduces the heat exchange efficiency practically to nil.
Consequently, it is essential to prevent or reduce the trickling of the condensate to the extent to which the heat exchange shouid occur by traversal of the walls separating the ducts for the two streams.
To this should be added that the practical embodiment of an exchanger such as that described above is comparatively complex and raises manifold problems regarding sheet metal working and boilermaking technique.
Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide a heat and condensate exchanger which is efficient and has an uncomplicated structure.
To this end, the invention relates to a system for treating comparatively hot and damp gases and comparatively dry and fresh or cool gases, in particular, smoke and comburant gases of a hearth to recoverthe heat and if applicable the condensates from one gas, and to heat and humidify the other gas, such as the smoke and the comburant air, said system comprising two enclosures which one is traversed upwards from below by the hot and damp gases and the other is traversed downwards from above by the comparatively dry and cool gases, the base of each enclosure forming a collector for the condensates, the base of the first enclosure being connected to the upper portion of the second enclosure by à means for withdrawing condensates for infeed of the condensates and liquid into the upper portion of the second column and for placing these in contact with comparatively dry and cool gases flowing in this enclosure, and the base of the second enclosure being connected to the upper portion of the first enclosure by means for withdrawing condensate to draw the condensates from the base and feeding these into the upper portion of the enclosure traversed by the hot and damp gases, said withdrawal means being formed by pipes provided with circular pumps, and in the bases of the two enclosures being connected by a linking and balancing pipe.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which show two embodiments thereof by way of example, and in which: Figure lisa diagram of a first embodiment, and Figure 2 is a diagram of a second embodiment of the invention.
Referring nowthe drawings, according to Figure 1, a device for treating the smoke and comburant gases by exchange of heat and condensate is shown which comprises a first enclosure or column 1 provided with a smoke inlet 2 and a smoke outlet 3. The smoke inlet 2 is situated close to the base of the column 1, the outlet 3 being situated in its upper portion.
The device also comprises a second enclosure or treatment column 4 for the comburant air. This column has an air inlet 5 at its base and an air outlet 6 in its upper portion.
The base 7 of the column 1 traversed by the smoke forms a condensate collector. Similarly, the base 8 of the column 4traversed by the comburant air forms a condensate collector.
The base 7 of the column 1 is connected to the upper portion of the column 4 via a pipe 9 provided with a pump 10, for the purpose of opening into the same via atomising nozzles 11. The pump 10 draws in the condensate present in the base 7 of the column 1 to feed this condensate in the direction of the arrow A through the pipe 9 and the atomising jets 11 above the fittings 12 contained in the column 4.
Similarly, the base 8 of the column 4 is connected via a pipe 13 provided with a pump 14 and terminating in atomising jets 15 to the upper portion of the column 1 for the purpose of pumping the condensates collected at the base 8 and of atomising the same through the jets 15 above the fittings 17 present in the column 1. The fittings 12, 17 form trickling elements promoting contact between the gases (smoke, comburant air) and the liquid (condensate) for the heating or cooling of the gases (smoke, comburant air) as the case may be.
Since the bases 7,8 of the columns 1,4 are connected to their upper portions 10,3 by the pipes 9, 13 in alternating manner, a double condensate flow loop is thus available.
Af the stage of the col@@@@ @. the @@@@@ @@@ @ised @@a the @e@@ 15 and @@@@@@ as@@n the case @@ the other c@@@@@@@ @@@@@eover @@@co@@@e@@@@@@@@ respectro the gas, cools the smoke, if apphcable whilst condensing the components which a;-e ondensible at the operating temperatures. The liquid thus co. ected in the base 7 is pumpeci by means of the pum@ 10 also for the purpose c being conveyed into the column 4 also in counterflow.At this stage, the atomised liquid coots in contact with the comburant air which heats up ann becomes humidified. ne cold condensate collected in the base 8 is again atomised into the upper portion 3 of the column 1, etc.
In the embodiment described above, an atomisation is performed on liquids which, whilst dropping downwards within the enclosures or columns 1,4, also trickle over the fittings. it may equally be contemplated to apply aiomisation only within an enclosure or enclosures lacking any fittings, and which are traversed solely by the smoke and the comburant air, or else it may be envisaged to distribute the liquids in the upper portions cf the cor- umns without atomisation but with uncomplicated trickling over the fittings or linings without the corumns.
Similarly, aithough the @@ @ @@ Raschig rings is suggested as trickling liners within the columns 1,4, any other fitting compatibie 'n, the gases and fluids used could be used as found desirable.
The flow system hereinabove described assures not only a heat exchange between the smoke which is hot, by definition, within the column 1 and the comburant air which is cold by definition, and present in the column 4, but also a collection of condensate from the smoke and a corresponding humidifi- cation of the comburant air, the latter being of interest in respect of combustion efficiency.
The condensates from the boiler which is not shown are conveyed via the pipe 18 into the base 7 of the column 1. Ass matter of fact, these condensates being hot liquids, it is appropriate to convey these to the base 7 and not to the base 8.
The base 8 which contains the coid condensates, is provided with an overflow 19 of the syphon type rendering it possible to remove the condensate surp- lus.
To prevent water column head differences orto baiance the liquids on the bases 7.8, a coupling and balancing pipe 16 is incorporated which connects the bases 7 and 8.
Although the columns 1 and 4 are separated in the diagram to which the foregoing description appiies, it is possible to build a plant comprising adjacent columns or even to construct two concentric columns in particular cases, to simplify construction, avert heat loss problems, etc.
Generally speaking, even if the columns are adja cent or concentric, the heat exchange occurring between intermediate partitions or two columns will be small, the greater proportion of the heat exchange actually occurring via the heat-carrier liquid (mixture of condensate) which will trickle over the fittings within the columns.
The system comprises different means for checking and measuring purposes, such as temperature se@s@@s positioned at dif@erent points of the columns and @@@@@@oops of the gases. smoke and liquids.
F@@@@@@@@ore, flow-meters ma@ be provided in the liquid flow ducts.
The bases 7. 8 orthe coupling pipe 16 may be connected to a water supply. in such manner that the first fiiiing operation is performed in the plant upon starting up or after having dra@@ed the plant on the occasion of ma@ntenance jobs, etc.
The system shown in Figure 2 comprises two col @@@ns or enclosures ,4 which, like the columns of via comprise smoke and air inlets and outlets bearing the same reference as those of that Figure.
n a particular manner, in the system of Figure 2, the enclosures 1 and 4 are superposed, allowing of simplification since the loop 9 is repiaced by the loop 9' ',vhich simp j connects the base 7 to the atomising aevice for spraying liquid 11 which is present in the upper portion of the column 4, the fluid flowing due to the force of gravity so that it is not necessary to ncorporate a pump. To prevent gas intercommunications as a function of the corresponding pressures, @ syphon 9" is provided. Standard non-return devices may aiso@b provided in the connecting pipe 9.
The recycling of the liquids from the base 8 of the column 4 is performed via a loop 13 provided with a pump 14, equivalent to the means described with reference to Figure 1.
The second embodiment of the invention offers the advantage, if a superposed installation is poss bie, 04 facilitating governing since the rate of flow depends solely on the pump 14, the liquids of the base 7 of the column or enclosure 1 automatically passing into the upper portion of the enclosure or column 4.
The same observations as those made regarding the system of Figure 1 also apply in this case: the liquids may either be atomised by means of the devices 11, 15 in the upper portion of the enclosures or columns 4,1; these enclosures or columns 4, 1 may contain fittings or be without trickling fittings.
To summarise. the base of each enclosure is connected to the upper portion of the other enclosure by means of devices for withdrawal of liquid and condensate for feeding these liquids and condensates ,o the upper portion of the other enclosure. The systems described above for exchange of heat and condensates may be applied in generalised manner for gas treatment, for humidifyingidrying and heat ing@cooling different gases by exchange between the gas flows.
Systems of this nature are applied in particular to treat the smoke and comburant air at the outlet and intake of a hearth, irrespective of the kind of combustion or fuel utilised in the hearth.

Claims (10)

1. A system fortreating comparatively hot and damp gases and comparatively dry and fresh or cool gases, in particular smoke and comburant gases of a hearth to recover the heat and if applicable the condensates from one gas and to heat and humidify the other gas, such as the smoke and the comburant air, said system comprising two enclosures of which one is traversed upwards from below by the hot and damp gases and the other is traversed downwards from above by the comparatively dry and cool gases, the base of each enclosure forming a collector for the condensates, the base of the first enclosure being connected to the upper portion of the second enclosure by means of a device for withdrawing condensates for infeed of the condensates and liquid into the upper portion of the second enclosure and placing them in contact with the comparatively dry and cool gases flowing in this enclosure, and the base of the second enclosure being connected to the upper portion of the first enclosure by means for withdrawing condensate to draw the condensates from the base and feed these into the upper portion of the enclosure traversed by the hot and damp gases, said withdrawal means being formed by pipes provided with circulator pumps, and in the bases of the two enclosures being connected by a linking and balancing pipe.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein the base of the enclosure traversed by the smoke is connected to the discharge pipe for the condensate of the hearth.
3. A system according to claim 1, wherein the base of the enclosure traversed by the combu rant air is provided with a overflow discharge device in the form of a syphon, or trap.
4. A system according to claim 1, wherein the enclosures are adjacently or co-axially arranged.
5. A system for treating comparatively hot and damp gases and comparatively dry and cool gases, in particular smoke and comburant gases of a hearth for recovering the heat and if applicable the condensates form one gas and heating and humidifying the other gas, such as the smoke and the comburant air, said system comprising two enclosures one of which is traversed upwards from below by the hot and damp gases and the other of which is traversed downwards from above by the comparatively dry and cool gases, the bases of each enclosure forming a collector for the condensates, the base of the first enclosure being connected to the upper portion of the second enclosure by means for withdrawing the condensates for the purpose of feeding the condensates and the liquid into the upper portion of the second column and placing the same in contact with the comparatively dry and cool gases flowing in this enclosure, and wherein the base of the second enclosure is connected to the upper portion of the first enclosure by means for withdrawing condensate for withdrawing the condensates from said base and feeding them into the upper portion of the first enclosure traversed by the hot and damp gases, one of said enclosures being positioned above the other enclosure and the means for placing the base of the first enclosure in communication with the upper portion of the second enclosure is provided by a pipe, the inter-communication means connecting the base of the second enclosure to the upper portion of the first enclosure being formed by a pipe provided with a circulator pump, and in said first-mentioned pipe comprising a syphon or trap.
6. A system according to claim 1 or claim 5, wherein the means for infeed of the liquids into the upper portion ofthe enclosures comprises means for atomising said liquids.
7. A system according to claim 1, wherein the enclosures contain trickling elements.
8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the trickling elements contained in each enclosure are Raschig rings.
9. A system fortreating gases, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A system fortreating gases, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
GB08218815A 1981-06-29 1982-06-29 Systems for treating the smoke and comburant gases of a hearth Expired GB2103510B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8112770A FR2508616B1 (en) 1981-06-29 1981-06-29 DEVICE FOR TREATING FUMES AND OXIDIZING GASES OF A FIREPLACE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2103510A true GB2103510A (en) 1983-02-23
GB2103510B GB2103510B (en) 1985-01-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08218815A Expired GB2103510B (en) 1981-06-29 1982-06-29 Systems for treating the smoke and comburant gases of a hearth

Country Status (10)

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BE (2) BE893662A (en)
CH (1) CH650324A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3223714C2 (en)
ES (1) ES8305488A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2508616B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2103510B (en)
IT (1) IT1191201B (en)
LU (1) LU84228A1 (en)
NL (1) NL191955C (en)
SE (1) SE8204010L (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4989781A (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-02-05 H. B. Smith Co. High-efficiency heating unit
US5178210A (en) * 1989-10-24 1993-01-12 Gaz De France Vapor pump employing counterflow exchange between air and combustion products without an intermediate fluid

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2552209B1 (en) * 1983-09-19 1985-12-20 Chaudieres Seccacter CONDENSING BOILER
DK169634B1 (en) * 1990-06-18 1994-12-27 Froehlich Air Aps Method and apparatus for optimizing efficiency and minimizing NOx formation in incinerators
DE4308137A1 (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-22 Moehlenbeck Klaus Juergen Dipl Method for recovering the energy contained in exhaust gases, and device for carrying out the method
DE19640865C2 (en) * 1996-10-04 2000-02-17 Borngraeber Klaus Peter Evaporative cooling tower
WO1999040369A1 (en) * 1998-02-07 1999-08-12 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and device for preheating combustion air supplied to a burner of a heating equipment
CN107827028A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-03-23 天津港散货物流有限责任公司 A kind of lift fog gun car

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD47040A (en) *
DE1051296B (en) * 1956-06-25 1959-02-26 Escher Wyss Gmbh Evaporative cooler
FR1166159A (en) * 1957-02-02 1958-11-04 Loire Atel Forges Process and apparatus for recovering heat from gases leaving devices such as reaction or exchange in particular
FR1278153A (en) * 1960-10-28 1961-12-08 Air conditioning installation
US3712026A (en) * 1970-11-04 1973-01-23 E Danko Enthalpy exchange system
FR2446460A1 (en) * 1979-01-15 1980-08-08 Gaz De France Air heater for water heating burner - has combustion air heater to condense exhaust gases

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5178210A (en) * 1989-10-24 1993-01-12 Gaz De France Vapor pump employing counterflow exchange between air and combustion products without an intermediate fluid
US4989781A (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-02-05 H. B. Smith Co. High-efficiency heating unit
EP0441315A1 (en) * 1990-02-06 1991-08-14 Dunkirk Radiator Corporation High-efficiency heating unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8267821A0 (en) 1982-06-29
GB2103510B (en) 1985-01-23
DE3223714A1 (en) 1983-01-27
CH650324A5 (en) 1985-07-15
SE8204010D0 (en) 1982-06-29
NL191955C (en) 1996-11-04
NL8202606A (en) 1983-01-17
IT1191201B (en) 1988-02-24
BE901247Q (en) 1985-03-29
LU84228A1 (en) 1983-01-20
ES514446A0 (en) 1983-04-16
NL191955B (en) 1996-07-01
BE893662A (en) 1982-10-18
FR2508616B1 (en) 1987-04-10
FR2508616A1 (en) 1982-12-31
DE3223714C2 (en) 1994-04-21
SE8204010L (en) 1982-12-30
ES8305488A1 (en) 1983-04-16

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PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 20020628