GB2067622A - A building façade - Google Patents
A building façade Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2067622A GB2067622A GB8101101A GB8101101A GB2067622A GB 2067622 A GB2067622 A GB 2067622A GB 8101101 A GB8101101 A GB 8101101A GB 8101101 A GB8101101 A GB 8101101A GB 2067622 A GB2067622 A GB 2067622A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- building facade
- lands
- tile
- facade according
- undercut
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0833—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
- E04F13/0835—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
- E04F13/0816—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements the additional fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
- E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
A building façade is made up of ceramic tiles with undercut lands 2 for interengagement with fixing means 3 attached to, or forming part of, a tile supporting and backing structure on a wall to be covered by the façade. For keeping the lands on the back of each tile of uniform size and uniformly spaced-apart, a coating, e.g. of synthetic resin may be provided on the back surface of each tile. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A building facade
This invention relates to a building facade made up of ceramic tiles having undercut lands on their back sides.
Facade coverings may be made using, for example, split tiles (tiles formed, e.g. extruded, prior to firing so as to be joined together back-toback and subsequently separated after firing) which have long lands of typically dovetail crosssection enabling the tiles to be keyed in a bed of mortar on the building in question. In order to enable thin mortar beds to be employed, so minimising the amount of mortar used, there has been a tendency for the lands on such tiles to be made lower and lower in height so that at present ceramic tiles are provided with lands having only a small elevation.
There are a number of shortcomings in connection with the laying of such ceramic tiles, provided with small elevation lands, for making an outdoor facade on a building. One shortcoming is that, because of the different rate of natural thermal expansion of outdoor facades made from such ceramic tiles, the embedded split tiles have the tendency to become loose and drop off.
Furthermore it is not possible for tiles to be laid on the mortar bed without the formation of bubbles or air spaces of some size. These hollows of air enable moisture, which makes its way in through the pointing between the separate tiles, to be taken up. Any water in the hollows will then be turned into ice in cold weather when subjected to sub-zero temperatures. The ice occupies a greater volume than the water thus causing the bond between the mortar and the tiles to be loosened so increasing the possibility of the tiles coming away from the mortar. Alternatively, or in addition, moisture may make its way into the hollows from the inside of the building so that the same effect is produced.
In the case of building facade tiles of great size, which in some cases may be made of ceramic material, the method of fixing them to a building has changed so that, instead of'employing a bed of mortar to fix the tiles, the tiles are fixed, e.g. to the building brickwork, by a gripping structure or clips, so that the tiles are not acted upon directly by the brickwork (because of expansion or the like) and the back sides of the tiles are ventilated.
There has of late been a suggestion to have holes in ceramic tiles for nailing or screwing them in position to a grid, more specially of wood, or the like on the wall of the building.
One aim of the present invention is to provide a building facade in which ceramic tiles are fixed to a supporting structure without making use of a mortar bed or fixing means, e.g. screws or nails, which pass through holes formed in the tiles.
According to the present invention a building facade made up of ceramic tiles having undercut lands on their back sides, is characterised in that fixing means attached to, or forming part of, a tile supporting and backing structure are provided with interengaging means which interengage with the undercut lands to hold the tiles in position.
The tile supporting and backing structure is typically in the form of a grid or framework, for example made up of aluminum rods so that the structure is completely regular and very true to size.
Conveniently the ceramic tiles are split tiles and have lands of substantially dovetail cross-section.
As part of a further development of the invention, for taking into account tolerances in size
(which are always present in ceramic materials) the back faces of the tiles may be coated with synthetic resin. This makes it possible for the undercut sides of the lands to be accurately formed and to be regularly spaced, if this was not the case beforehand. This not only makes it very much simpler for the tiles to be fixed in place, but furthermore makes it unnecessary to have any further tile supporting structures for loading the tiles and preventing any looseness of the tiling structure. The synthetic resin coating may be made of such a thickness that it itself has lands or male parts or the like which interengage with said interengaging means.
With the invention it becomes possible, even with the comparatively large tolerances encountered with ceramic tiles, to make a building facade which is ventilated by having a space between it and the supporting building wall.
Furthermore the tiles can be very precisely positioned in relation to each other and, because of the design of the tile supporting and backing structure, the whole facade is generally rigid.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of part of a building facade according to the invention showing part of a split tile with fixing means attached thereto; and
Figure 2 is a side view of the fixing means shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 shows a split ceramic tile 1 having dovetail section lands 2, the tile having been produced by forming a pair of such split tiles by extrusion prior to firing and subsequently splitting the pair into two single tiles after firing, the pair of joined tiles being joined by their dovetail section lands.
Previously these dovetail section lands 2 have been bedded in a thick coating of mortar on a building wall to provide the building with a facade.
However in the- present application a building facade is buiit by attaching a plurality of tiles 1 to a tile supporting and backing structure (not shown) via a plurality of fixing means. Each fixing means comprises a fixing part 3 (see Figure 2) having mounted thereon a pair of interengaging means, in the form of a dovetail-like nosepieces 4 and 5, which interlock or interengage with recesses defined between adjacent pairs of lands 2. The nosepieces 4 and 5 may be fixed in position on the fixing part 3.Alternatively one or both of the nosepieces may be mounted in a slot (not shown) extending along the length of the fixing part so that the relative spacing apart of the nosepieces 4 and 5 may be adjusted to bring them in line with the spacing between the dovetail section recesses defined between each adjacent pair of-dovetail section lands 2 on the backs of the split tiles. It is possible for one, or more than two, nosepieces to be provided on each fixing part 3.
Each fixing part 3 has a hook at one end to enable it to be fixed to, e.g. detachably suspended from, a tile supporting and backing structure, e.g.
a grid of aluminum rods. It is of course possible for the hook to have a different form or, indeed, for the fixing part 3 to have other attachment means to enable it to be attached to the tile supporting and backing structure.
If the positions of the nosepieces 4 and 5 are not adjustable relative to each other, it is possible to obtain a stronger, more rigid façade. However in this case it is highly desirable to coat the back side of each split tile 1 with synthetic resin, care being taken to see that the dovetail section lands on the tile, made up partly of synthetic resin and partly of tile matarial, are free of any tolerance. The synthetic resin may be self-lubricating so that the nosepieces 4 and 5 of the fixing part 3 may be readily slipped along the undercut sides of the lands sideways.
It is also possible for the back side of the ceramic material of the split tiles not to be provided with lands. In this case the tiles are backed with synthetic resin which will then have the (new) lands formed on its back free face. The fixing parts 3 are best made of a metal, although they may also be made of synthetic resin.
The design of the ceramic tile itself is in other respects not dependent on the design of the fixing structure and the tiles may have stepped edges so that there is overlap between one tile edge and the next one. The invention is naturally not limited to the normal split tile size and smaller or, more specially greater sizes, of tiles may be fixed using the fixing parts of the present invention.
If the tiles are synthetic resin backed, the edges of the coating may be stepped and designed to extent past the limits of the tile ceramic material.
In place of a coating of synthetic resin it is possible, naturally, for the ceramic tile to be
backed with metal or the like.
In a further embodiment of the invention,
interengaging means in the form of buttons, rails
or the like are made on the tile supporting and
backing structure itself, such nosepieces being of a giving but elastic material, e.g. a resilient
material such as synthetic resin, and having the function of press-studs so that when the ceramic tiles are pushed directly onto these interengaging
means, their dovetail section recesses, formed between adjacent lands, will become locked on them. In the case of the facade of the invention it will be seen, for this reason, that the tiles may be pushed on to the supporting system by force so that they become iocked and keyed in position or they may be slipped onto the supporting system sideways. The undercut lands naturally do not have to be made with sharp edges and in fact may have an outwardly curved outline.
It should also be realised that it is possible for the interengaging means to comprise a female portion for interengagement with the male portion lands of the tiles.
Claims (14)
1. A building facade made up of ceramic tiles having undercut lands on.their back sides, is characterised in that fixing means attached to, or forming part of, a tile supporting and backing structure are provided with interengaging means which interengage with the undercut lands to hold the tiles in position.
2. A building facade according to claim 1, in which the fixing means are attached to the tile supporting and backing structure, each fixing means having at least two interengaging means mounted thereon.
3. A building facade according to claim 2, in which the interengaging means are mounted to enable adjustment of the relative separation therebetween.
4. A building facade according to any of the preceding claims, in which the ceramic tiles are backed with a coating of synthetic resin.
5. A building facade according to any of claims 1 to 3, in which the ceramic tiles are backed with a coating of metallic material.
6. A building facade according to claim 4 or 5, in which the said undercut lands are formed in the said coating.
7. A building facade according to claim 4 or 5, in which the said undercut lands on each tile are defined by undercut land portions formed in the ceramic tile material and the said coating which covers said undercut land portions.
8. A building facade according to any of claims 4 to 7, in which the backing coatings are stepped at their edges, the coatings extending past the edge of the ceramic material of the tiles.
9. A building facade according to any of the preceding claims, in which at least one side edge of each tile is stepped.
10. A building facade according to any of the preceding claims, in which each of said lands has a substantially dovetail cross-section.
11. A building facade according to claim 9, in which each of said interengaging means has a substantially dovetail cross-section to enable it to be interengaged with corresponding dovetail shaped recesses defined between adjacent ones of said undercut lands formed on each tile.
12. A building facade according to any of claims 1 to 10, in which each interengaging means is resiliently deformable and is snap-fitted into any one of the recesses defined between adjacent ones of said undercut lands formed on each tile.
13. A building facade according to any of the preceding claims, in which each fixing means is detachabíy attached to, e.g. suspended from horizontal rails of, said tile supporting and backing structure.
14. A building facade constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing.
1 5. A building having a facade according to any of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803001278 DE3001278A1 (en) | 1980-01-15 | 1980-01-15 | CERAMIC PANEL FACADE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2067622A true GB2067622A (en) | 1981-07-30 |
Family
ID=6092094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8101101A Withdrawn GB2067622A (en) | 1980-01-15 | 1981-01-14 | A building façade |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE887046A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3001278A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2473597A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2067622A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1129475B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8006328A (en) |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2126617A (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1984-03-28 | David John Parker | Improvements relating to cladding sheets |
| GB2129463A (en) * | 1982-07-21 | 1984-05-16 | Sung Hsiung Chen | Wall panel |
| FR2611793A1 (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1988-09-09 | Fornelis Sa | Device for assembling cross members and cladding elements, in order to form in particular fences, partitionings and facings |
| EP0283371A1 (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1988-09-21 | Fornells S.A. | Device for assembling cross-members and boardings, in particular to form fences, partitions and wall facings |
| WO1998010151A1 (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | James Hardie Research Pty. Limited | An improved cladding board mounting system |
| AU722347B2 (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 2000-07-27 | James Hardie Technology Limited | An improved cladding board mounting system |
| WO2008127209A2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-23 | Mehmet Ozkan | Building outer facade covering means |
| WO2008127207A2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-23 | Mehmet Ozkan | Building outer facade covering set |
| US7713615B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2010-05-11 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | Reinforced fiber cement article and methods of making and installing the same |
| ITTO20100046A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-07-27 | Salvatore Rizza | COVERING PANEL FOR VENTILATED FACADES. |
| US7993570B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2011-08-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Durable medium-density fibre cement composite |
| US7998571B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2011-08-16 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same |
| US8281535B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-10-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles |
| US8297018B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-10-30 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement products |
| GB2514257A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-19 | Stone Interiors Ltd | Apparatus and method of hanging securing a facade to a storage unit |
| US8993462B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-03-31 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Surface sealed reinforced building element |
| CN110341367A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-18 | 杭州元创新型材料科技有限公司 | A kind of cladding plaque production technology of backing strip |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3743024A1 (en) * | 1987-12-18 | 1989-06-29 | Fischer Artur Werke Gmbh | FASADE PLATE WITH A FASTENING ELEMENT |
| DE3809704A1 (en) * | 1988-03-23 | 1989-10-12 | Prokuwa Kunststoff Gmbh | Mounting device for roof and wall panels |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2370638A (en) * | 1941-08-22 | 1945-03-06 | Crowe Francis Malcolm | Hollow precast building slab and method of manufacture |
| DE1684093A1 (en) * | 1967-08-21 | 1971-04-01 | Gottfried Welzel | Construction element mainly made of ceramic for interior and exterior wall facing of buildings and for ceramic floors |
| DE2460879A1 (en) * | 1974-12-21 | 1976-06-24 | Horst Hahn | Curtain walling cladding panels fixture - with base anchored vertical rails with horizontal bolts and two panel rear anchors |
| DE2460880A1 (en) * | 1974-12-21 | 1976-06-24 | Horst Hahn | Curtain-wall panel or other building element anchorage - involving panel recess, and screw or similar base attachment |
| AT339011B (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1977-09-26 | Leitl Werke Bauhuette | BUILDING WALL, IN PARTICULAR FACADE CONSTRUCTION MADE OF PLATE SHAPED, E.G. CERAMIC COMPONENTS |
-
1980
- 1980-01-15 DE DE19803001278 patent/DE3001278A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-11-20 NL NL8006328A patent/NL8006328A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-12-15 FR FR8026518A patent/FR2473597A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-12-22 IT IT68966/80A patent/IT1129475B/en active
-
1981
- 1981-01-13 BE BE0/203462A patent/BE887046A/en unknown
- 1981-01-14 GB GB8101101A patent/GB2067622A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2129463A (en) * | 1982-07-21 | 1984-05-16 | Sung Hsiung Chen | Wall panel |
| GB2126617A (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1984-03-28 | David John Parker | Improvements relating to cladding sheets |
| FR2611793A1 (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1988-09-09 | Fornelis Sa | Device for assembling cross members and cladding elements, in order to form in particular fences, partitionings and facings |
| EP0283371A1 (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1988-09-21 | Fornells S.A. | Device for assembling cross-members and boardings, in particular to form fences, partitions and wall facings |
| WO1998010151A1 (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | James Hardie Research Pty. Limited | An improved cladding board mounting system |
| AU722347B2 (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 2000-07-27 | James Hardie Technology Limited | An improved cladding board mounting system |
| US6226947B1 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 2001-05-08 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Cladding board mounting system |
| US7713615B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2010-05-11 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | Reinforced fiber cement article and methods of making and installing the same |
| US8281535B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-10-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles |
| US8297018B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-10-30 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement products |
| US7993570B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2011-08-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Durable medium-density fibre cement composite |
| US7998571B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2011-08-16 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same |
| US8993462B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-03-31 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Surface sealed reinforced building element |
| WO2008127209A3 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-12-31 | Mehmet Ozkan | Building outer facade covering means |
| WO2008127207A3 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2009-02-05 | Mehmet Ozkan | Building outer facade covering set |
| WO2008127207A2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-23 | Mehmet Ozkan | Building outer facade covering set |
| WO2008127209A2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2008-10-23 | Mehmet Ozkan | Building outer facade covering means |
| ITTO20100046A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-07-27 | Salvatore Rizza | COVERING PANEL FOR VENTILATED FACADES. |
| GB2514257A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-19 | Stone Interiors Ltd | Apparatus and method of hanging securing a facade to a storage unit |
| GB2514257B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-08-31 | Stone Interiors Ltd | Apparatus and method of hanging securing a facade to a storage unit |
| CN110341367A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-18 | 杭州元创新型材料科技有限公司 | A kind of cladding plaque production technology of backing strip |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT8068966A0 (en) | 1980-12-22 |
| IT1129475B (en) | 1986-06-04 |
| DE3001278A1 (en) | 1981-07-30 |
| FR2473597A1 (en) | 1981-07-17 |
| BE887046A (en) | 1981-05-04 |
| NL8006328A (en) | 1981-08-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |