GB2064098A - Heating systems utilizing a heat transfer fluid - Google Patents
Heating systems utilizing a heat transfer fluid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2064098A GB2064098A GB8037421A GB8037421A GB2064098A GB 2064098 A GB2064098 A GB 2064098A GB 8037421 A GB8037421 A GB 8037421A GB 8037421 A GB8037421 A GB 8037421A GB 2064098 A GB2064098 A GB 2064098A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- heat exchanger
- heat transfer
- heating system
- solar heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
- F24D19/1057—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
- F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
Abstract
In a heat transfer arrangement wherein a heat transfer fluid is pumped intermittently from a first heat exchanger 1 (e.g. a solar heat collector) to and through a second heat exchanger 2 (e.g. in a hot-water storage tank 6) there are provided first means 7 (e.g. a sensor) responsive to the fluid temperature in the heat exchanger 1 reaching a predetermined value, to energise a circulating pump 4 for said fluid, and second means (e.g. sensors 8, 9 energising a timer circuit 23, Fig. 2), acting to de- energise said pump (e.g. at the end of the timed period) when substantially a predetermined quantity of said fluid has been pumped. Said heat transfer fluid may comprise a water/antifreeze mixture. Hot water from the tank 6 may be drawn off for domestic use or supplied to another tank 26 heated by a boiler or immersion heater. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Heat transfer systems
The present invention relates to heat transfer systems, and in particular though not exclusively to solar heating systems.
In one form of solar heating system, which may be used for domestic heating, water in a heatabsorbing solar panel or collector is heated by solar energy incident on the panel and is circulated intermittently through a heat exchanger whereby some of the heat is transferred to a storage tank. A circulating pump is started when the temperature differential between the water in the collector and the water in the storage tank reaches a predetermined value and is stopped when the differential subsequently falls to a predetermined lower value. Such a system may be inefficient due to variations in the length or capacity of pipe runs and in the water flow rate, leading to heat losses in the feed and return pipes, and excessive power consumption due to unnecessarily extended pumping times.
According to one aspect of the present invention in a heat transfer arrangement in which a heat transfer fluid is pumped intermittently from a first heat exchanger through a second heat exchanger there are provided first means responsive to the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in said first heat exchanger reaching a predetermined value to energise a fluid circulating pump, and second means to de-energise said pump when substantially a predetermined quantity of fluid has been pumped.
Preferably said second means is responsive to a temperature rise at the fluid inlet to said second heat exchanger, and includes time delay means to effect the de-energisation of said pump a predetermined time after said temperature rise has been detected.
According to another aspect of the present invention in a solar heating system in which a heat transfer fluid is arranged to be pumped intermittently from a heat absorber or collector through a heat exchanger there are provided first means responsive to fluid temperature at said collector to energise a fluid circulating pump and second means responsive to fluid temperature at or adjacent said heat exchanger to effect the deenergisation of said pump when substantially a predetermined quantity of fluid has been pumped.
Preferably said second means may be arranged to be responsive to a fluid temperature rise at the inlet to said heat exchanger and may include time delay means arranged to effect the deenergisation of said pump a predetermined time after a predetermined fluid temperature rise has been detected at the inlet to said heat exhanger.
The system may include a storage tank to which said heat exchanger is arranged to transfer heat from said fluid, and said first means is responsive to a predetermined difference in temperature between the fluid in said collector and fluid in said storage tank to energise said circulating pump. The heat transfer fluid may be
water or a mixture of water and an antifreeze such
as methanol or ethylene glycol.
A solar heating system in accordance with the
present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which.
Figure 1 shows the system schematically, and
Figure 2 shows diagrammatically an electronic control unit shown in block form in Figure 1.
Referring first to Figure 1 the solar heating system comprises a solar energy panel or collector
1 which is sited to absorb solar energy, when available, and from which heat is arranged to be transferred to a heat exchanger coil 2 by means of a heat transfer fluid such as water, or a waterantifreeze mixture. The fluid is circulated by way of a feed pipe 3, a circulating pump 4 and a return pipe 5. The heat exchanger coil 2 may be mounted within a conventional hot water tank 6.
Temperature sensors 7, 8 and 9 are provided at the top of the solar panel, on the surface of or in the tank 6 and at the inlet to the heat exchanger coil respectively, and these sensors 7, 8 and 9 are connected to an electronic control unit 10 to control the operation of the circulating pump 4.
A header tank 11 may be provided for the circulating water or water/antifreeze mixture. The antifreeze may for example be methanol or ethylene glycol.
Referring now to Figure 2, which shows the control unit 10, the temperature sensors 7 and 8 are connected in parallel with respective resistors 12 and 13 of a resistive divider chain connected to one input of a differential amplifier 14. A substantially constant potential is applied to the other input of the amplifier 14 from a fixed divider circuit comprising resistors 1 5 and 1 6. An output from the amplifier 14 is applied to the baseemitter circuit of a transistor 17, which is arranged when conducting to energise a relay 1 8 and a light-emitting diode 1 9.
The temperature sensor 9 is connected in the input circuit of another differential amplifier 20 in such a way that electric signals from the sensor 9 indicating rapid change in temperature at the inlet to the heat exchanger coil 2 are applied more directly to one input of the amplifier 20 than to the other, a hundred microfarad capacitor 21 serving to delay and reduce the amplitude of transients passing to that other input. Consequent output signals from the amplifier 20 are applied by way of a transistor stage 22 to set a timer circuit 23, which then remains set for a period of, say, twenty-two seconds.
While the timer circuit 23 is set it provides an output signal which energises a light-emitting diode 24 and at the same time maintains the transistor 1 7 in a conducting state.
When the collector 1 is receiving solar energy the temperature of the water within the collector rises, and if it rises sufficiently to exceed the temperature within the tank 6 by more than, say, twenty degrees Centigrade the signals from the respective sensors 7 and 8 bias the amplifier 14 to apply a positive voltage to the base electrode of
the transistor 17, which then energises the relay
18 and the diode 19. The pump 4 is then
energised by way of contacts of the relay 18.
When the heated water from the collector 1
reaches the sensor 9 the resulting signal sets the
timer circuit 23 and the relay 1 8 is held energised.
It will be appreciated that as the water is
circulated the temperature is registered by the
sensor 7 will tend to fall.
The set period of the timer circuit 23 is chosen
such that once the heated water has reached the
inlet to the heat exchanger coil 2 and the pump 4
continues to operate just long enough to transfer
into the coil 2 substantially all or at least the
hottest part of the body of water that has been
heated in the collector 1. In this way as little as
possible of the heat collected is wasted in the pipe
runs, the coolest possible water may be entered
into the collector 1 to maximise its collecting
efficiency, and the circulating pump 4 is energised
for the shortest possible time.
The light-emitting diode 1 9 indicates that the
pump 4 is on, while the light-emitting diode 24
indicates when the hot water approaches the coil 2. The latter indication assists in assessing and if necessary adjusting the set period of the timer 23.
Referring again to Figure 1 water from the tank 6 may be drawn off directly for domestic use, by way of a bypass 25, or it may be supplied as preheated feed to another tank 26, where further heating is provided from a central heating boiler (not shown) by way of a heat exchanger coil 27, or from an immersion heater 28.
Claims (11)
1. A heat transfer arrangement in which a heat transfer fluid is pumped intermittently from a first heat exchanger through a second heat exchanger, wherein there are provided first means responsive to the temperature of the heat transfer fluid in said first heat exchanger reaching a predetermined value to energise a fluid circulating pump, and second means to de-energise said pump when substantially a predetermined quantity of fluid has been pumped.
2. A heat transfer arrangement in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said second means is responsive to a temperature rise at the fluid inlet to said second heat exchanger, and includes time delay means to effect the de-energisation of said pump a predetermined time after said temperature rise has been detected.
3. A solar heating system in which a heat transfer fluid is arranged to be pumped intermittently from a heat absorber or collector through a heat exchanger, wherein there are provided first means responsive to fluid temperature at said collector to energise a fluid circulating pump and second means responsive to fluid temperature at or adjacent said heat exchanger to effect the de-energisation of said pump when substantially a predetermined quantity of fluid has been pumped.
4. A solar heating system in accordance with
Claim 3 wherein said second means is arranged to be responsive to a fluid temperature rise at the inlet to said heat exchanger and includes time delay means arranged to effect the deenergisation of said pump a predetermined time after a predetermined fluid temperature rise has been detected at the inlet to said heat exchanger.
5. A solar heating system in accordance with
Claim 3 or Claim 4 including a storage tank to which said heat exchanger is arranged to transfer heat from said fluid.
6. A solar heating system in accordance with
Claim 5 wherein said first means is responsive to a predetermined difference in temperature between the fluid in said collector and fluid in said storage tank to energise said circulating pump.
7. A solar heating system in accordance with any one of Claims 3 to 6 wherein the heat transfer fluid is water.
8. A solar heating system in accordance with any one of Claims 3 to 6 wherein the heat transfer fluid is a mixture of water and an antifreeze.
9. A solar heating system in accordance with
Claim 8 wherein the antifreeze is methanol.
10. A solar heating system in accordance with
Claim 8 wherein the antifreeze is ethylene glycol.
11. A solar heating system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8037421A GB2064098B (en) | 1979-11-21 | 1980-11-21 | Heating systems utilizing a heat transfer fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7940225 | 1979-11-21 | ||
| GB8037421A GB2064098B (en) | 1979-11-21 | 1980-11-21 | Heating systems utilizing a heat transfer fluid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2064098A true GB2064098A (en) | 1981-06-10 |
| GB2064098B GB2064098B (en) | 1984-08-30 |
Family
ID=26273620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8037421A Expired GB2064098B (en) | 1979-11-21 | 1980-11-21 | Heating systems utilizing a heat transfer fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2064098B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2116690A (en) * | 1982-03-17 | 1983-09-28 | Sunsense Limited | Solar heating apparatus |
| EP1953460A2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-06 | Logotherm Regelsysteme GmbH | Solar control |
| WO2010019990A1 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-25 | Renewable Energy Systems Limited | Solar energy collection system and power generation system including a solar energy collection system |
-
1980
- 1980-11-21 GB GB8037421A patent/GB2064098B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2116690A (en) * | 1982-03-17 | 1983-09-28 | Sunsense Limited | Solar heating apparatus |
| EP1953460A2 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-06 | Logotherm Regelsysteme GmbH | Solar control |
| EP1953460A3 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2011-12-28 | Logotherm Regelsysteme GmbH | Solar control |
| WO2010019990A1 (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-02-25 | Renewable Energy Systems Limited | Solar energy collection system and power generation system including a solar energy collection system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2064098B (en) | 1984-08-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |