GB2049751A - Impregnation of porous articles - Google Patents

Impregnation of porous articles Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2049751A
GB2049751A GB7916515A GB7916515A GB2049751A GB 2049751 A GB2049751 A GB 2049751A GB 7916515 A GB7916515 A GB 7916515A GB 7916515 A GB7916515 A GB 7916515A GB 2049751 A GB2049751 A GB 2049751A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vessel
impregnant
article
pores
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB7916515A
Other versions
GB2049751B (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ultraseal International Ltd
Original Assignee
Ultraseal International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ultraseal International Ltd filed Critical Ultraseal International Ltd
Priority to GB7916515A priority Critical patent/GB2049751B/en
Priority to IT22872/80A priority patent/IT1131355B/en
Priority to DE19803023638 priority patent/DE3023638A1/en
Publication of GB2049751A publication Critical patent/GB2049751A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2049751B publication Critical patent/GB2049751B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/22—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
    • B22D31/002—Cleaning, working on castings
    • B22D31/005—Sealing or impregnating porous castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/26—Impregnating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0493—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/15—Impregnating involving polymerisation including use of polymer-containing impregnating agents

Abstract

A method of impregnating a porous article with impregnant to seal the pores thereof, which comprises placing the article in a vessel, evacuating the vessel to withdraw air from the pores, releasing the vacuum with the pores beneath the surface of a liquid impregnant in the vessel, removing excess impregnant from the vessel, washing excess impregnant from the surface of the article by supplying washing fluid to the vessel, removing the fluid from the vessel, heating the article while still within the vessel to effect curing of the impregnant within the pores, and removing the impregnated article from the vessel.

Description

SPECIFICATION Impregnation of porous articles This invention relates to the sealing-impregnation of porous articles, particularly though not exclusively metal castings. Other porous articles which may be treated include wood and inorganic materials such as brick, stone or concrete. It is, important however, that the pores in the material are no so big as to permit leaching out of the impregnant.
The impregnation of metal castings with resins to seal porosity is a process which is well established. Porosity in castings is invariably inconsistent in size and shape thus rendering the components unusuable due to leakage. This is particularly true when they are subjected to pressure.
Apart from this well known cause for rejection of castings used in the motor industry there are many other problems caused by porosity including plating failures, "blow-out" during stove enamelling, and sites for corrosion, entrapment of organic material and possible bacteria growth.
Various methods of impregnating metal castings have been devised and used over the years, including heating the casting and dipping into a thermosetting Bakelite solution thereby inducing penetration of the impregnant caused by the shrinkage of the air in the porosity as the component cools.
This was ultimately replaced by filling the component to be sealed with the impregnant by pressurising so as to force it through the inter-connecting porosity within the component. Alternatively, for smaller and high production components, the vacuum impregnation technique currently used was developed in which the components to be treated were packed into a process basket and then lowered into a vessel within which a vacuum was pulled to from 28 to 29 inches Hg. After a short time the resin impregnant was admitted from a storage tank until the vessel was flooded. At this point the vacuum was released and pressure applied so as to assist the impregnant into the pores of the components. The resin was then transferred to the storage tank and the charge was removed, drained and subjected to a washing cycle whereby the surplus surface resin was removed.This was normally carried out in a separate tank where the basket was reciprocated in an aqueous or organic solvent. The charge was then transferred either to an oven or to a bath containing a hot transfer liquid, for solidification of the impregnant. Where non-thermal polymerisable materials are used, polymerisation or natural solidification of the impregnant would be carried out at room temperature. In such cases the components would be left to stand for up to 24 hours before pressure testing could be carried out; a drawback where rapid treatment is required.
Thus it is conventional to transfer the charge through a series of tanks for completion of the impregnation cycle. However, it has now been found that the process basket may remain within the pressure vessel for the complete impregnation cycle. This is made possible by connecting the impregnation vessel by way of valving to the various storage tanks containing the liquids used in the process. During the cycle such valves may be either manually activated or automatically controlled, the latter being preferable.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of impregnating a porous article with impregnant to seal the pores thereof, which comprises placing the article in a vessel, evacuating the vessel to withdraw air from the pores, releasing the vacuum with the pores beneath the surface of a liquid impregnant in the vessel, removing excess impregnant from the vessel, washing excess impregnantfrom the surface of the article by supplying washing fluid to the vessel, removing the fluid from the vessel, heating the article while still within the vessel to effect curing of the impregnant within the pores, and removing the impregnated article from the vessel.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for carrying out this method comprising a pressure vessel, means for supporting the article within the vessel, means for applying a vacuum to the vessel, means for supplying liquid impregnant to the vessel and removing it therefrom, means for supplying washing fluid to the vessel and removing it therefrom and means for heating the article within the vessel.
The impregnation vessel is desirably placed horizontally and fitted with a cage within which the charge is placed. At various stages during the treatment both cage and charge are desirably rotated to facilitate impregnation, draining and washing.
The invention is particularly though not exclusively applicable to the impregnants and methods described in Patent Applications Nos. 621 7/76 (Serial No 1547801) and 16821/77 as both the post treatment washing and curing is there carried out using water only. In certain instances when treating ferrous components, the hot water wash can contain corrosion inhibitors which are designed so as not to adversely contaminate the impregnant by way of pickup from the impregnation vessel (autoclave).
Aithough low viscosity methacrylate-based impregnants are generally found to perform satisfactorily when drawing a wet vacuum only i.e. submerging the charge to be impregnated in the liquid in the autoclave and then extracting the air from the porosity by drawing a vacuum in the vessel, it is nevertheless accepted that degassing of porosity from submerged components can take considerably longer than when using a dry vacuum at the same ultimate pressures. It follows therefore that by drawing a dry vacuum on a charge, the time allowed can be significantiy reduced without producing a loss of sealing performance.
In some instances it is desirable to incorporate a centrifuging step, particularly when treating certain complex components. The centrifuged charge could be programmed to spin after each cycle e.g.
impregnation, cold wash and hot wash.
If need be the vessel could be trunnion mounted, providing flexibility in loading of the charge and selecting the position in which the charge should be treated. For instance it might be advantageous to load and unload the vessel vertically, impregnate and drain horizontally, and centrifuge vertically. This cycle could be repeated for both cold and hot washes.
If the impregnant is sensitive to elevated temperatures, from which polymerization could result, the autoclave should be cooled to room temperature before re-admittance of the impregnant in a subsequent cycle. This may be achieved by jacketing the vessel and passing cold water around it.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawing which shows an impregnation vessel with part of its wall broken away and various anciliary equipment.
The impregnation vessel 10 is a hollow cylindrical autoclave closed at the right hand end and having a door 11 at the left hand end. A cylindrical basket 1 2 is mounted within the vessel 10 for rotation about a horizontal axis by a suitable drive unit 13. The basket 12 may be removed from the vessel 10 to facilitate loading e.g. it may be slidable axially on and off a cantilever rotary shaft 14 to which it is attached during operation, or it may be held within a rotatable cage (not shown).
A vacuum pump P 1 is connected by line 21 and, for convenience, the housing of level switch 22 to the top of the vessel 10. Half way up the wall of the vessel 10 is a two-way overflow valve 1 which during certain phases of operation permits liquid to flow out of the vessel either via a line 23 to a cold water wash storage tank 24 or via a line 25 to a hot water wash storage tank 26. A further two-way valve 2 selectively connects an inlet line 27 to the bottom of the vessel to the impregnant storage tank 28 via line 29 or to a two-way valve 3 via line 30. Valve 3 selectively connects line 30 to pump P2 via line 32 or to pump P3 via line 33, pump P2 being connected to tank 24 and pump P3 to tank 26.
Respective cooling jackets are provided in the walls of the vessel 10 and its door 11. A coolant inlet line 40 supplies a two-way valve 4 which distributes the coolant selectively either to the cooling jackets and thence via line 41 to tank 24 or directly to tank 24 via line 42.
Operation is as follows. After loading the vessel 10 the door 11 is closed and all valves are closed.
Pump P1 is then started in order to pump out air and degas the components being treated. After a predetermined time, valve 2 connects line 27 to line 29 and impregnant is sucked into vessel 10 until it reaches level switch 22 whereupon pump P1 cuts out During this operation the basket 12 is slowly rotated to minimize gas entrapment. The vacuum is then broken and the impregnant drained from the vessel via lines 27 and 29; positive pressure Could be applied to the vessel at this stage if desired. The basket continues to rotate to effect maximum drainage.
Washing is effected by connecting line 27 to line 30 by valve 2, by connecting line 30 to line 32 by valve 3, by operating pump P2 and by connecting the overflow to line 23 by valve 1. After washing, the vessel is drained by turning off pump P2, the basket continuing to rotate throughout.
Curing is effected by supplying hot water (or other curing liquid) from tank 26 using pump P3, valve 1 now connecting the overflow to line 25 and valve 3 now connecting line 30 to line 33. This cycling action permits any heat loss to be made up by a thermostatic heater (not shown) in tank 26. The basket continues to rotate throughout.
The finished articles (components) are then removed. Although the vessel is still hot, the next cycle may be started promptly since the vessel and its door may be cooled (by diverting coolant through the jacket via valve 4) during the evacuation step.
The above operations are summarised in the following Table:-
VALVES 1 2 3 4 Pums Load Charged Into Level Timed Drive Vessel & Colse Door A B A B A B A B P1 P2 P3 Switch Cycte Unit Cycle No Function - - - - - - # - # - - - # - Remarks Impregnate 1 Dry - - - - - - - # # - - # - # Vacuum " 2 Selant - - # - - - - # - - - - # # Suck Up " 3 Sealant - - # - # - - # - # - - # # Drawn First Wash 4 Flood - # - # # - - # - - - - # # Wash is Cycled Back to Storage Vessel Tank First Wash 5 Drain - # - # - - - # - - - - # # Vessel Second 6 Flood # - - # - # - # - - # - # # Wash is Cycled Back to Storage Vessel Tank Second 7 Drain # - - # - # - # - - - - # # Wash Vessel Open Door & Remove - - - # - - - # - - - - - Charge The valve positions A, B have th following connections : - # Activated 1A = line 24 ; 1B = line 23 ; 2A = line 29 ; 2B = line 30 ; - Non activated 3A = line 32 ; 3B = line 33 ; 4A = line to autoclave ; 4B = line 42.
In an alternative arrangement (not shown) the cold water wash charge to the autoclave is provided from a header tank from which the water will flow by gravity into the autoclave by way of the overflow valve 1. The volume of water to enter the autoclave is predetermined in the header tank and usually represents 50% of the volume of the vessel. During the cold wash cycle valve 2 remains closed.
Drainage will then result by indexing valve 2 to line 30 and valve 3 to line 32 which is connected to waste. This alteration removes the need for Pump 2 (though the illustrated version of the apparatus is more economical on water consumption).
Advantages which may be gained from automatic impregnation as set out in the Table are: 1. A fast and simple automatic cycle, and thus reduction in scope for human error.
2. Packing of castings and process baskets becomes less critical as air locks and impregnant entrapment is reduced by rotation of the process basket.
3. Effective draining between cycles.
4. Consistent quality of cleanliness of component resulting from effective washing action.
5. Small floor space.
6. Improved operation environmental conditions.
7. Possibility of introducing such safety measures as monitoring the temperature of the impregnation vessel and the work load which would automatically reject the charge if as the result of previous treatments it had accidentally been loaded into the unit while it was still hot.
The present invention is particularly advantageous when washing and curing are effected with water only (the impregnant may contain an emulsifier to facilitate water-washing as explained in Applications 6217/76 (Serial No 1547801) and 16821/77). This facilitates dealing with any cross contamination within the system. For instance, if the impregnant becomes contaminated with a small amount of water, this can be dealt with by streaming dry air through the impregnant while it is under high vacuum using conventional techniques. The apparatus of the invention may be fitted with a device which will allow the impregnant to be scrubbed dry automatically, outside production time.

Claims (13)

1. A method of impregnating a porous article with impregnant to seal the pores thereof, which comprises placing the article in a vessel, evacuating the vessel to withdraw air from the pores, releasing the vacuum with the pores beneath the surface of a liquid impregnant in the vessel, removing excess impregnant from the vessel, washing excess impregnant from the surface of the article by supplying washing fluid to the vessel, removing the fluid from the vessel, heating the article while still within the vessel to effect curing of the impregnant within the pores, and removing the impregnated article from the vessel.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the liquid impregnant is supplied to the vessel after evacuation.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the washing fluid is aqueous.
4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat-curing is effected with hot water.
5. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the impregnant is as defined in any of claims 1 toll and 18 of Patent Applications Nos.6217/76 and 16821/77.
6. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the article is in a basket in the vessel and means are provided for rotating the basket during treatment of the article.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the basket is rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis.
8. A method according to any preceding claim including the step of subsequently cooling the vessel.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein cooling is effected by passing water through a cooling jacket.
10. Apparatus for carrying out the method of any preceding claim comprising a pressure vessel, means for supporting the article within the vessel, means for applying a vacuum to the vessel, means for supplying liquid impregnant to the vessel and removing it therefrom, means for supplying washing fluid to the vessel and removing it therefrom and means for heating the article within the vessel.
11. A method according to claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.
12. Apparatus according to claim 10 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawing.
13. A metal casting which has been impregnated by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 9and 11.
GB7916515A 1979-05-11 1979-05-11 Impregnation of porous articles Expired GB2049751B (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7916515A GB2049751B (en) 1979-05-11 1979-05-11 Impregnation of porous articles
IT22872/80A IT1131355B (en) 1979-05-11 1980-06-18 Impregnating porous articles to seal pores
DE19803023638 DE3023638A1 (en) 1979-05-11 1980-06-24 Impregnating porous articles to seal pores - by evacuating pores and releasing vacuum beneath liq. impregnant with subsequent washing and curing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7916515A GB2049751B (en) 1979-05-11 1979-05-11 Impregnation of porous articles
DE19803023638 DE3023638A1 (en) 1979-05-11 1980-06-24 Impregnating porous articles to seal pores - by evacuating pores and releasing vacuum beneath liq. impregnant with subsequent washing and curing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2049751A true GB2049751A (en) 1980-12-31
GB2049751B GB2049751B (en) 1983-08-03

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Family Applications (1)

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GB7916515A Expired GB2049751B (en) 1979-05-11 1979-05-11 Impregnation of porous articles

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GB (1) GB2049751B (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981002699A1 (en) * 1980-03-14 1981-10-01 Ultraseal International Ltd Impregnation of porous articles
US4461842A (en) * 1981-10-20 1984-07-24 Office National D'etudes Et De Recherches Aerospatiales (Par Abreviation O.N.E.R.A.) Ceramic composite materials with high mechanical and heat resistance and their preparation
FR2548175A1 (en) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-04 Atelier Realisation Ceramique Process allowing the impregnation of fragrance into a ceramic object
EP0151050A2 (en) * 1984-02-02 1985-08-07 Ultraseal International Limited Apparatus for the impregnation of porous articles
EP0201256A2 (en) * 1985-04-29 1986-11-12 Ultraseal International Limited Article impregnating apparatus
EP0436143A2 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-07-10 Feist Intertec AG Method of impregnating and heat-treating carbonaqueous material
WO1998009783A1 (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-12 Fernz Australia Limited Fixation process for chemically treated wood
GB2367563A (en) * 2000-10-26 2002-04-10 Peter David Young Impregnating a porous object
CN115305771A (en) * 2022-07-29 2022-11-08 重庆市欧华陶瓷(集团)有限责任公司 Bionic ground stone soaking equipment and production process thereof

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3147040A1 (en) * 1981-11-27 1983-06-01 Horst Julius Ing.(grad.) 6969 Hardheim Feist METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMPREGNATING GRAPHITE ELECTRODES AND THE LIKE
DE3602537C2 (en) * 1986-01-29 1995-03-23 Ibach Steinkonservierungen Method for producing multilayer, plate-shaped prefabricated components
US4963396A (en) * 1989-02-23 1990-10-16 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Method for making an impregnated ceramic material
DE4124226A1 (en) * 1991-06-28 1993-01-07 Micafil Ag Impregnating fabric with fluid e.g. resin for e.g. laminated PCB - by passing fabric into vacuum channel, for degassing, in the impregnating fluid, preventing bubbles
DE19852721A1 (en) * 1998-11-16 2000-05-25 Marius Bierig Production method for wall or floor tiles or panels involves separating tiles according to thickness, shape and size and pre-treating their surfaces
DE102007049527A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-16 Evonik Röhm Gmbh Process for the recovery of impregnating compositions

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2254146C3 (en) * 1972-11-04 1975-09-04 Imchemie Kunststoff Gmbh, 5678 Wermelskirchen Method for increasing the strength of a porous body
DE2732553C2 (en) * 1977-07-19 1982-06-09 Schunk & Ebe Gmbh, 6301 Heuchelheim Process for impregnating porous bodies, in particular carbon and graphite bodies, as well as impregnation system for carrying out the process

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981002699A1 (en) * 1980-03-14 1981-10-01 Ultraseal International Ltd Impregnation of porous articles
US4461842A (en) * 1981-10-20 1984-07-24 Office National D'etudes Et De Recherches Aerospatiales (Par Abreviation O.N.E.R.A.) Ceramic composite materials with high mechanical and heat resistance and their preparation
FR2548175A1 (en) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-04 Atelier Realisation Ceramique Process allowing the impregnation of fragrance into a ceramic object
EP0151050A2 (en) * 1984-02-02 1985-08-07 Ultraseal International Limited Apparatus for the impregnation of porous articles
EP0151050A3 (en) * 1984-02-02 1987-10-07 Ultraseal International Limited Apparatus for the impregnation of porous articles
EP0201256A2 (en) * 1985-04-29 1986-11-12 Ultraseal International Limited Article impregnating apparatus
EP0201256A3 (en) * 1985-04-29 1987-10-14 Ultraseal International Limited Article impregnating apparatus
EP0436143A2 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-07-10 Feist Intertec AG Method of impregnating and heat-treating carbonaqueous material
EP0436143A3 (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-07-17 Feist Intertec AG Method of impregnating and heat-treating carbonaqueous material
WO1998009783A1 (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-12 Fernz Australia Limited Fixation process for chemically treated wood
GB2367563A (en) * 2000-10-26 2002-04-10 Peter David Young Impregnating a porous object
CN115305771A (en) * 2022-07-29 2022-11-08 重庆市欧华陶瓷(集团)有限责任公司 Bionic ground stone soaking equipment and production process thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3023638A1 (en) 1982-01-21
GB2049751B (en) 1983-08-03

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19930512