GB2045282A - Sintered iron-based friction material - Google Patents
Sintered iron-based friction material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2045282A GB2045282A GB8004824A GB8004824A GB2045282A GB 2045282 A GB2045282 A GB 2045282A GB 8004824 A GB8004824 A GB 8004824A GB 8004824 A GB8004824 A GB 8004824A GB 2045282 A GB2045282 A GB 2045282A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- disilicide
- chromium
- friction
- silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/021—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos
Abstract
A sintered iron-based friction material has the following composition, in percent by mass, before sintering: wt% copper 2 to 4 nickel sulphate 3 to 5 graphite 5 to 9 calcium disilicide 3 to 10 silicon 0.4 to 2 silicon carbide 0.2 to 1 iron disilicide 0.4 to 2 asbestos 2 to 4 chromium 1 to 5 the balance being iron. p
Description
SPECIFICATION
Sintered iron-based friction material
The present invention relates to sintered iron-based friction materials.
Such friction materials can find application in friction devices to be used in aircraft, tractors, excavators, road-building machines, cars, agricultural machines, and shoe and band brakes of transmissions operating under dry friction conditions.
The present invention provides a sintered ironbased friction material comprising copper, nickel sulphate, graphite, calcium disilicide, silicon, silicon carbide, iron disilicide, asbestos, which further comprises chromium, the ratio of the components taken in percent by mass, being as follows:
copper 2 to 4 nickel sulphate 3 to 5
graphite 5 to 9
calcium disilicide 3 to 10
silicon 0.4 to 2
silicon carbide 0.2 to 1
iron disilicide 0.4 to 2
asbestos 2 to 4 chromium 1 to 5 the balance being iron.
The friction material has improved wear resistance and compression strength under dry friction conditions as compared with the known sintered iron-based friction material shown in the Table following the Examples below.
Chromium in combination with nickel formed by the decomposition of nickel sulphate present among the components of the material, tends to alloy the material, thus improving considerably chemical stability of the material at high temperatures brought about under dry friction. In this case, the oxidic films formed are bound reliably with the base which is substantially iron alloyed with chromium and nickel. This reduces notably the tendency of the hard oxides to crambling out and their ingression into the friction zone.
The complete dissolving of chromium in iron contributed to homogenization of the base. All the above-mentioned makes it possible to enhance compression strength and wear resistance of the proposed material.
It is recommended that the ratio of the components of the sintered iron-based friction material be, in percent by mass, as follows:
copper 3
nickel sulphate 4
graphite 6
calcium disilicide 7
silicon 1.5
silicon carbide 0.5
iron disilicide 1
asbestos 3
chromium 2
iron 72.
The material composition concerned is the most favourable one to improve its wear resistance and
strength under dry friction conditions, owing to the optimum contents of chromium and nickel sulphate,
the latter being decomposed into nickel and sulphate at the sintering temperatures. With such contents
of chromium and nickel, their complete dissolving in iron is ensured, thus resulting in formation of a
chromium-nickel structure. This improves chemical stability of the material at the dry friction
temperatures and, therefore, its wear resistance and compression strength. An increase in the contents
of chromium and nickel sulphate will result in formation of chromium and nickel inclusions in the
material, i.e. will raise heterogeneity of the material and deteriorate its chemical stability and, hence,
wear resistance and strength.On the other hand, a decrease in the contents of chromium and nickel
sulphate will result in an inferior chromium-nickel alloy featuring lower chemical stability at the friction
temperatures and, therefore, decreased wear resistance and compression strength.
In a preferred manufacturing process, powders are dried at a temperature of 1 500 C. Then, all the
initial powders which are those of copper, nickel sulphate, silicon, silicon carbide, iron disilicide,
asbestos, chromium, graphite, calcium disilicide, and iron are sieved and weighed out, considering their
following contents in the mixture, in percent by mass: copper, 2 to 4; nickel sulphate, 3 to 5; graphite,
5 to 9; calcium disilicide, 3 to 10; silicon, 0.4 to 2; silicon carbide, 0.2 to 1; iron disilicide, 0.4 to 2;
asbestos, 2 to 4; chromium, 1 to 5; the balance being iron. All the components are stirred in a mixer in
the presence of a neutral liquid, e.g. oil.The mixture prepared is pressed in press moulds under a unit
pressure of 3t/cm2 and articles thus obtained, which are substantially friction laps, are sintered and, at
the same time, fritted to a steel base under a pressure of 20kg/cm2 and at a temperature of 10300C for
3 hours.
The materials obtained are tested for friction characteristics, namely, the coefficient of friction and
wear factor, and also for strength characteristics. The friction tests are carried out on a test stand
operating on the principle of braking rotating inertia masses. Mechanical properties, such as
compression strength, are determined on a tensile-testing machine.
Under dry friction conditions, the sintered iron-based friction material thus obtained shows, at a
coefficient of friction of 0.4, a wear of 1 0-12 microns after 100 brakings and a compression strength
of 42-45 kg/mm2.
As compared with the known sintered iron-based friction material, under dry friction conditions,
the wear resistance increases 1.3-1.5 times, the compression strength, 1.2-1.3 times.
The invention will be further described with reference to the following illustrative Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Powdered graphite was dried at a temperature of 1 500 C. All the powders were then screened
through sieves No. 0100 and No. 0160, and weighed out to provide the following ratio of the
components expressed in percent by mass: copper, 2; nickel sulphate, 3; graphite, 9; calcium disilicide,
3; silicon, 0.4; silicon carbide, 0.2; iron disilicide, 0.4; asbestos, 4; chromium, 5; iron, 73; and stirred in a
mixer in the presence of oil (0.5 percent of the mixture weight) for 10 hours.
The mixture prepared was pressed in a press mould under a unit pressure of 4t/cm2 and the
resulting articles inehe form of friction laps were sintered in a shaftfurnace and, at the same time,
fritted to a steel base under a pressure of 1 5 kg/cm2 and at a temperature of 10300C for 3 hours.
The friction and strength tests revealed the following characteristics of the material:
compression strength 43 kg/mm2
coefficient of dry friction 0.4
wear after 100 brakings 11 microns.
EXAMPLE 2
The material was produced essentially as described in Example 1 from powders taken in the following ratio, in percent by mass: copper, 3; nickel sulphate, 4; graphite, 6; calcium disilicide, 7; silicon, 1.5; silicon carbide, 0.5; iron disilicide, 1; asbestos, 1; chromium, 2; iron, 72; it had the following characteristics:
compression strength 45 kg/mm2
coefficient of dry friction 0.4
wear after 100 brakings 10 microns
EXAMPLE 3
The material was produced essentially as described in Example 1 from powders taken in the following ratio, in percent by mass: copper, 4; nickel sulphate, 5; graphite, 5: calcium disilicide, 10, silicon, 2; silicon carbide, 1; iron disilicide, 2; asbestos, 2; chromium, 1; iron, 68; it had the following characteristics:
compression strength 42 kg/mm2
coefficient of dry friction 0.4
wear after 100 brakings 12 microns
EXAMPLE 4
The material was produced essentially as described in Example 1 from powders taken in the following ratio, in percent by mass: copper, 2; nickel sulphate, 3; graphite, 5: calcium disilicide, 3; silicon, 0.4; silicon carbide, 0.2; iron disilicide, 0.4; asbestos, 2; chromium, 1; iron, 83; it had the following characteristics:
compression strength 43 kg/mm2
coefficient of dry friction 0.4
wear after 100 brakings 12 microns
EXAMPLE 5
The material was produced essentially as described in Example 1 from powders taken in the following ratio, in percent by mass: copper, 4; nickel sulphate, 5; graphite, 9; calcium disiliclde, 10; silicon, 2; silicon carbide, 1; iron disilicide, 2; asbestos, 4; chromium, 5; iron, 58; it had the following characteristics:
compression strength 42 kg/mm2 coefficient of dry friction 0.4
wear after 100 brakings 11 microns
Given in the Table below are compositions and test data of materials according to the invention as compared with those of the prior art material.
TABLE
Wear
Chemical composition, percent by mass Compresslve Coefficient after 100
strength1 of dry brakings,
No. Material Fe Cu NiSO, C CaSi2 Si SiC FeSi2 asbestos Cr pyroceramic kg/mm friction um 1. Sintered iron base
friction materiat
ace, to prior art 76 2 4 4 7 1.5 0.5 4 3 - 1 35 0.4 15 2. Sintered iron base
friction material
ace. to the invention 73 2 3 9 3 0.4 0.2 0.4 4 5 - 43 0.4 11 3. - " - 72 3 4 6 7 1.5 0.5 1 3 2 - 45 0.4 10 4. - " - 68 4 5 5 10 2 1 2 2 1 - 42 0.4 12 5. - " - 83 2 3 5 3 0.4 0.2 0.4 2 1 - 43 0.4 12 6. - " - 58 4 5 9 12 2 1 2 4 5 - 42 0.4 11
Claims (3)
1. A iron-based friction material produced by sintering a composition comprising, in percent by mass:
copper 2 to 4 nickel sulphate 3 to 5
graphite 5 to 9 calcium disilicide 3 to 10
silicon 0.4 to 2
silicon carbide 0.2 to 1
iron disilicide 0.4 to 2
asbestos 2 to 4 chromium 1 to 5 the balance being iron.
2. A material as claimed in claim 1, produced by sintering a composition comprising, in percent by mass:
copper 3
nickel sulphate 4
graphite 6
calcium disilicide 7
silicon 1.5
silicon carbide 0.5
iron disilicide 1
asbestos 3
chromium 2
iron 72
3. A sintered iron-based friction material substantially as described in any of Examples 1 to 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU792725020A SU954496A1 (en) | 1979-02-14 | 1979-02-14 | Sintered iron-based frictional material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2045282A true GB2045282A (en) | 1980-10-29 |
| GB2045282B GB2045282B (en) | 1983-03-16 |
Family
ID=20810345
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8004824A Expired GB2045282B (en) | 1979-02-14 | 1980-02-13 | Sintered iron-based friction material |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55131156A (en) |
| CS (1) | CS209035B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2449234A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2045282B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN151997B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE435734B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU954496A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2249558A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1992-05-13 | Martin John Michael Murphy | Coated metal matrix composite component; brake disc |
| RU2553138C1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-06-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-Технический Центр Информационные Технологии" | Composite alloy on fe-base for brake pad of railroad car |
| RU2647953C1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-03-21 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Iron-based friction material |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2627535C1 (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-08-08 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Frictional material on iron base |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2947388A (en) * | 1957-02-19 | 1960-08-02 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Metallurgical control during sintering |
| FR1321599A (en) * | 1962-02-09 | 1963-03-22 | Hispano Suiza Lallemant | Improvements to friction linings, especially those for aviation brakes |
| FR1329728A (en) * | 1962-05-04 | 1963-06-14 | Hispano Suiza Lallemant | Improvements to friction linings, especially those for aviation brakes |
| US3306741A (en) * | 1962-09-12 | 1967-02-28 | Hispano Suiza Lallemant Soc | Friction linings and processes for the production of such linings |
-
1979
- 1979-02-14 SU SU792725020A patent/SU954496A1/en active
-
1980
- 1980-02-12 CS CS93680A patent/CS209035B1/en unknown
- 1980-02-13 FR FR8003203A patent/FR2449234A1/en active Granted
- 1980-02-13 GB GB8004824A patent/GB2045282B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-13 SE SE8001130A patent/SE435734B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-14 JP JP1611480A patent/JPS55131156A/en active Pending
- 1980-02-15 IN IN177/CAL/80A patent/IN151997B/en unknown
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2249558A (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1992-05-13 | Martin John Michael Murphy | Coated metal matrix composite component; brake disc |
| GB2249558B (en) * | 1990-09-14 | 1994-02-16 | Martin John Michael Murphy | Metal matrix composite component |
| RU2553138C1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-06-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-Технический Центр Информационные Технологии" | Composite alloy on fe-base for brake pad of railroad car |
| RU2647953C1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-03-21 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Iron-based friction material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS209035B1 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
| SE8001130L (en) | 1980-08-15 |
| FR2449234B1 (en) | 1981-09-18 |
| IN151997B (en) | 1983-09-17 |
| SE435734B (en) | 1984-10-15 |
| FR2449234A1 (en) | 1980-09-12 |
| GB2045282B (en) | 1983-03-16 |
| SU954496A1 (en) | 1982-08-30 |
| JPS55131156A (en) | 1980-10-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |